稀土-镁-镍系贮氢合金电极材料的最新研究进展

综述了最近几年稀土-镁-镍系贮氢合金电极的最新研究进展,主要包括合金材料的组成、制备方法、微观结构以及吸放氢动力学行为和电化学性能等方面的研究.发现复合体系的放电容量为此类合金中最大的,可达到1014 mA·h·g-1.分析讨论了多元合金的复杂结构,各种替代元素对材料性能影响的原因.指出了稀土-镁-镍系贮氢合金的优缺点以及发展趋势.     

稀土贮氢合金在新型镍氢电池上的应用

本文阐述了新型镍金属氢化物电池的结构和反应机理。论述了Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的特性；介绍了日本松下电池公司和日本东芝电池公司单３型Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的特性；指出了当前Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的特性；指出了当前Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池存在的问题以及国外对此问题的看法，说明了稀土贮氢合金作为电池负极材料的理由，并介绍了目前主要用于负极材料的稀土贮氢合金，综述了国内科学者在土贮氢材料研究方面的情况，指出由于混合稀土镍系合金价格低且性能     

稀土镁镍系合金的循环贮氢性能与粉化特性研究

为了研究稀土镁镍系合金的循环贮氢性能与粉化特性,本文以La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.41Co0.2Al0.03Ti0.06合金为研究对象.压力-组成-温度(PCT)曲线与扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果表明,随循环次数增加,合金电极的吸/放氢量、吸/放氢平台压减小;合金氢化物的放氢效率降低.合金的循环前期容量衰减速率比后期...     

稀土贮氢材料的发展动向

本文综述了稀土贮氢材料的发展动向，其特点是稀土贮氢材料向多元化合金的方向发展；开发适合各种应用要求的贮氢合金；大力开发贮氢材料的应用。近年来ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池的开发成功及投入生产，促进了贮氢材料的发展，新型贮氢材料的出现又反过来促进ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池的产生和应用。稀土贮氢材料也面临着竞争和挑战，必须降低成本，提高性能，开发新一代电池的贮氢合金。     

镍氢电池用无钻AB5型贮氢合金的研究进展

自从1990年前后小型MH-Ni电池商业化以来,镍氢电池的生产与销售都有了快速的增长。AB5型稀土镍系贮氢合金由于具有优良的性能价格比,是目前镍氢电池（MH—Ni）电池生产中实际应用最为广泛的负极材料。AB5型贮氢合金的放电容量已经达到一定的高度,目前,贮氢合金所需原材料金属Co及稀土元素钕和镨价格涨幅很快,因此拓宽MH-Ni电池的应用领域,提高其在电池领域的竞争力比较现实的途径是降低贮氢合金的生产成本。     

循环伏安法测定纳米晶贮氢合金中氢扩散系数

用双辊快淬法制备了纳米晶稀土贮氢合金,XRD图谱表征为结晶较好的CaCu5六方结构,Scherrer公式计算晶粒大小约为40nm。利用循环伏安法测定了纳米晶稀土贮氢合金电极中的氢扩散系数(DH=1.67×10-7cm2/s),由于纳米晶粒具有较高的结晶度和细小的晶粒尺寸,高密度晶界为氢在合金内部的扩散提供快速通道,提高了贮氢合金的吸放氢效率,从而提高了氢的扩散性能,使电极中氢的扩散系数增大。     

新技术与成果

稀土类金属——镍系列氢吸收合金及其制造方法、和用于镍氢2次电池的负极一种稀土类金属—镍系吸氢合金具有用下式RNi_2Mn_bCo_cAl_dX_e。合金的母相具有CaCu_5型结构,在母相中0.3-5μm的富Mn     

贮氢合金进展

对贮氢合金的工作原理及应用,贮氢合金的基本类型及开发历史和发展趋势进行了综合评述。MmNi5系稀土合金和Laves相合金的开发应用已较为成熟,但其贮氢密度不高,高容量型的钒固溶体型合金和镁基合金是贮氢合金发展的新趋势。目前主要通过添加合金元素、开发制备工艺,改进微观相组织结构并兼以适当的表面处理,以提高钒固溶体型合金和镁基合金常温常压下的吸放氢特性及活化性能。     

镀镍对低钴贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

研究了化学镀镍对低钴贮氢合金粉末颗粒形态和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,镀镍能明显提高低钴贮氢合金的放电容量及循环稳定性,对活化性能亦有改善。SEM分析表明,化学镀镍过程中伴有吸氢反应。分析了镀镍对低钴贮氢合金电化学性能的影响机理。     

贮氢合金的研究和进展

概述了近几年来国内两种主要贮氢材料：AB型贮氢合金和Mg—Ni—RE系贮氢合金的研究和进展，着重阐述了添加不同稀土和采用不同工艺条件对两种贮氢合金的贮氢量、吸放氢速度等贮氢性能的影响，总结了当前的研究现状和需要解决的主要问题，提出了今后应用研究的方向。     

Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy

The phase structure and hydrogen storage property of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy were studied.XRD and SEM results exhibited that LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy consisted mainly of LaMg3,La2Mg17 and LaMg2Ni phases;after hydriding/dehydriding process,all the three phases transformed,La3H7 phase existed and the actual hydrogen absorption phases were Mg and Mg2Ni phases.Pressure-composition-temperature (P-C-T)measurement showed that the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy was 2.63 wt.%,and the absorption time for reaching 90%of the storage capacity was 124 s at 523 K,and it was 1850 s for deabsorbing 90%of the maximum dehydrogen capacity.The hydriding process of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy followed the nucleation and growth mechanisms.The enthalpy and entropy for hydriding and dehydriding reactions of the Mg phase in LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy were calculated to be-66.38±1.10 kJ/mol H2,-100.96±1.96 J/(K·mol)H2 and 68.50±3.87 kJ/mol H2,98.28±5.48 J/(K·mol)H2,respectively.A comparison of these data with those of MgH2(-74.50 kJ/mol H2,-132.30 J/K·mol H2)suggested that the hydride of LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy was less stable than MgH2.The existence of La hydride and synergetic effect of multiphase led to higher reversible hydrogen storage capacity and better kinetic property at lower temperature for LaMg3.93Ni0.21 alloy.     

Effect of Preparation Methods on Hydriding Properties of La1.5Mg17 Ni0.5 Composite Materials

La1.5Mg17Ni0.5 hydrogen storage materials were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis (HCS) and mechanical alloying (MA) method respectively. The experimental results show that the hydrogen absorption properties of La1.5Mg17Nio.5 prepared by MA are better than that by HCS. La1.5Mg17Nio.5 prepared by MA can absorb 6.73 mass% hydrogen at 523 K within 1 min, and 4.92 mass% hydrogen at 423 K. The improvement of hydriding properties of La1.5Mg17Ni0.5alloy prepared by MA can be ascribed to the formation of nano-crystalline and defects during the mechanical alloying.     

Effect of ball milling on hydrogen storage of Mg3La alloy

Hydrogen storage and microstructure of ball milled Mg3La alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction and pressure-composition-isotherm measurement. The ball milled Mg3La alloy could absorb hydrogen up to 4wt.% at 300 ℃ for the first time, along with a decomposing course. Following tests showed that the average reversible hydrogen storage capacity was 2.7wt.%. The enthalpy and entropy of dehydrogenation reaction of the decomposed ball milled Mg3La and hydrogen were calculated. XRD patterns indicated the existence of MgH2 and LaH3 in the decomposed hydride and the formation of Mg when hydrogen was desorbed. After the first hydrogenation, all the latter hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions could be taken place between Mg and MgH2. The ball milled Mg3La alloy exhibited better hydriding kinetics than that of the as-cast Mg3La alloy at room temperature. The kinetic curve could be well fitted by Avrami-Erofeev equation.     

Hydriding and Dehydriding Characteristics of Mechanically Alloyed LaMg_(17) Ni Composite Material

Magnesiumandmagnesiumalloyshavebeenin vestigatedashydrogenstoragematerialsforseveralde cadesbecausefarmorehydrogenbyweightcanbestoredinthemthaninmostoftheothercurrentlyknownhydrogenstoragealloys .Moreover ,thehighnaturalabundanceofMg ,itslightmassandenviron mentalcompatibilitypotentiallymakemagnesiumoneofthemostprospectivecandidatesforfuturehydrogenstoragematerials .Unfortunately ,thepracticalappli cationofMganditsalloyshasbeenlimitedonlytocertainstoragedevicebecauseoftheirpoorhydriding dehydr…     

氢化燃烧法合成镁基储氢合金进展

以Mg2 Ni为例系统综述了氢化燃烧法制备镁基储氢合金的进展 ,包括其工作原理 ,氢化燃烧法和其它制备镁基储氢合金方法的比较 ,影响氢化燃烧的因素以及材料的氢化特性。较为详细地介绍了国内外的研究状况并进行比较 ,通过比较Mg2 Ni、Mg2 FeH6 、Mg2 CoH5等储氢合金的吸氢性能 ,指出制备镁基储氢合金的理想发展方向应该是采用复合方法获得实用产品 ,即结合氢化燃烧 ,机械合金化 ,多元化 ,纳米化等方法 ,制备非晶态合金 ,以期达到低温下吸放氢量大于 5 %(质量分数 ) ,具有良好的动力学性能 ,使用寿命长 ,低价格的效果。     

硼的添加对Mg2Ni储氢合金吸放氢性能的影响

镁系储氢合金有着价格低廉、储氢量大等优点,作为机载储氢材料有着广泛的应用前景,但其过高的氢分解温度,过慢的分解速度等缺点制约着实际应用.采用机械球磨制备出Mg2 Ni-xB(x =0％,1％,5％,10％,15％)系列储氢合金.通过XRD分析了合金的物相结构,采用P-C-T测试仪测定了合金的吸放氢性能,研究了添加不同含量的B对Mg2Ni合金吸放氢性能的影响.研究结果表明,B的添加对合金在200和300℃下吸放氢性能的改善作用不明显,但添加B的合金在400℃下的吸氢量均较Mg2Ni高,B的添加量由1％增至15％的合金吸氢量分别为3.09％,3.00％,2.81％,2.84％,而Mg2Ni的吸氢量则只有2.60％.随着B含量的增加,含B合金吸氢量略有降低;在含B的试样中,含5％B的合金吸氢速率最大,仅需180 s便能完成吸氢.所有含B合金的放氢平台均较Mg2Ni高且较为平坦.本次实验表明,B的添加量对合金性能的提升存在一个最优值,本次实验结果显示,添加5％B相对较好地改善合金的储氢性能,提高合金吸氢量和放氢平台压的同时能保持较快的吸氢速率.     

储氢材料镁镍合金Mg2NiH4氢化燃烧合成反应机理

采用氢化燃烧合成法可以直接从金属镁、镍混合粉末压坯制备储氢材料镁镍合金Mg2NiH4，与传统的熔炼浇铸＋氢化激活工艺比较，在省能、省时和设备简单等方面具有显著的优越性。本文着重介绍了储氢镁镍合金氢化燃烧合成工艺及其反应机理的DSC和XRD研究结果。     

Highly ameliorated gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage dynamics of nanocrystalline and amorphous LaMg12-type alloys prepared by mechanical milling

Nanocrystalline and amorphous LaMg12-type alloy-Ni composites with a nominal composition of LaMg11 Ni+x wt.% Ni (x=100, 200) were synthesized via ball milling.The influences of ball mill-ing duration and Ni adding amount x on the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage dynamics of the alloys were systematically studied.Gaseous hydrogen storage performances were studied by a differential scanning calorimeter and a Sievert apparatus.The dehydrogenation activation energy of the alloy hydrides was evaluated by Kissinger method.The electrochemical hydrogen storage dynam-ics of the alloys was investigated by an automatic galvanostatic system.The H atom diffusion and ap-parent activation enthalpy of the alloys were calculated.The results demonstrate that a variation in Ni content remarkably enhances the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage dynamics perform-ance of the alloys.The gaseous hydriding rate and high-rate discharge (HRD) ability of the alloys ex-hibit maximum values with varying milling duration.However, the dehydriding kinetics of the alloys is always accelerated by prolonging milling duration.Specifically, rising milling time from 5 to 60 h makes the hydrogen desorption ratio (a ratio of the dehydrogenation amount in 20 min to the saturat-ed hydrogenation amount) increase from 57% to 66% for x=100 alloy and from 57% to 70% for x=200.Moreover, the improvement of gaseous hydrogen storage kinetics is attributed to the descending of dehydrogenation activation energy caused by the prolonging of milling duration and growing of Ni content.     

Microstructure and improved hydrogen storage properties of Mg based alloy powders prepared by modified milling method

Abstract

In this study, the modified preparation method of combining planetary and vibratory ball milling was proposed to prepare Mg based hydrogen storage alloy powders. The comparison of micromorphology and hydrogen storage behaviour between Mg₂Ni prepared using the modified and conventional preparation methods were investigated experimentally. The comparison results showed that the combination of first planetary and then vibratory ball milling has more favourable effect on improving both the kinetics and the thermodynamics of ball milled Mg₂Ni alloys. The sample synthesised by first planetary milling for 40 h and then vibratory milling for 30 h has faster hydrogen absorption kinetics and lower dehydriding onset temperature than those prepared by the single method of planetary or vibratory milling and hydriding combustion synthesis owing to its popcorn-like microstructure. Moreover, this kind of modified method reduces the reaction enthalpy and activation energy by up to ～18 and 22% respectively.     

掺杂对氢化燃烧合成镁基储氢合金性能的影响

借助XRD、SEM和自制放氢量的测试装置研究了掺杂对氢化燃烧合成镁镍储氢合金性能的影响。结果表明：三种掺杂中以掺富铈镧系金属产生的镁镍氢化物最多,掺铜产生镁镍氢化物的晶格畸变最为明显。晶胞分析显示Mg_2NiH_4的晶胞参数都有一定的变化。300℃、0．1 MPa下放氢速率的测量显示,掺杂降低了放氢温度,放氢速率一般为6～10 min。掺铜放氢量为2．68％,掺钛放氢量为2．35％,掺富铈镧系金属放氢量为3．10％,掺钛、掺富铈镧系金属活化可适当提高吸放氢量。