多模光纤温度传感器系统

研制了钴盐溶液热色传感介质光学双波长差分吸收多模光纤温度传感器系统。自制了光纤耦合器件,采用了锁相电路,利用微机直接进行数字锁相探测,信号相除运算和温度校正。该系统实时显示温度,测温范围30℃—50℃,准确度±0.15℃,分辨率0.02℃,在40℃时6小时稳定性±0.05℃,12小时稳定性±0.18℃。主要用于抗电磁干扰的微波辐射治疗和谷物加热干燥等测温应用。     

基于虚拟锁相放大器的接地网无损检测系统

在接地网无损探测的工程实际中,复杂强干扰会给数据采集带来困难。锁相放大技术能有效从强背景干扰下稳定地提取出微弱的可用信号,在分析变电站测量环境噪声成分的基础上,基于锁相放大器原理,运用虚拟仪器技术设计一种虚拟数字锁相放大器。该锁相放大器利用数据采集卡内部的可编程滤波器进行抗混叠处理,同时对两路传感器输出信号进行采集,利用虚拟信号发生器产生精确的两路0°和90°参考信号,再用数字低通滤波器得到信号的实部和虚部,最后利用成像算法得到接地网的结构图。通过实验室内测试,该锁相放大器具有较高的频率稳定性、幅值和相位测量精度及较强的抗干扰能力。将该锁相放大器用于接地网无损探测系统,在实际变电站得到工程应用。结果表明:该无损探测系统能够应对变电站复杂的电磁环境,可在现场正常工作,并准确探测到接地网结构。     

晶振减振系统的分析

锁相频率源中,晶振作为参考信号对相噪有着重要的影响。在振动条件下,晶振和锁相频率源输出频率的相位噪声恶化。本文详细分析了振动与相位噪声之间的关系。并得到了减振系统的数学模型,经试验验证根据该模型设计的减振系统能有效的减小振动条件下锁相频率源相位噪声的恶化。     

可编程THz-TDS锁相放大技术

太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)其光导天线产生的信号与背景噪声相比极其微弱,需要采用锁相放大技术对信号进行放大处理。根据锁相放大的基本原理和太赫兹时域光谱系统的特点,设计出了基于 AD630的可编程THz-TDS锁相放大系统,该系统能够根据使用要求提供合适的中心斩波频率和带宽值。通过实验得到了由模拟开关控制的可编程带通滤波器在不同中心斩波频率处的输出值和带宽的关系曲线,并通过模拟实验验证了系统对微弱信号的探测能力。最后,在光学延迟线移动速度为1500μm/s,连续扫描的情况下,采集到的THz信号的信噪比在50 dB左右。结果表明,该系统具有中心斩波频率和带宽可调,锁相效果好,体积小,便于太赫兹仪器的集成化等优点。     

超振荡望远成像系统中球差影响分析

在超振荡望远系统中,球差是影响其分辨本领的重要因素,其原因在于球差导致强度点扩散函数视场内产生高旁瓣,降低该系统的分辨力。本文分析了超振荡望远系统中球差对成像的影响,并确定了该系统对初级球差的容许范围。基于光学超振荡原理,利用线性规划的优化方法,设计超振荡望远系统,在532 nm工作波长下能够实现0.68倍瑞利判据的分辨力。构建针对超振荡望远系统球差的定量分析数学模型,该系统在均方根(root mean square,RMS)不超过0.041倍波长的初级球差干扰下,能分辨三缝目标物,同时分析了窄带工作波长对于该球差系统带来的成像影响。本文在光学测量、环境监视、超分辨望远等领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

基于长信号谱自相关的光纤光栅传感解调方法

针对光纤光栅传感领域波长高精度探测和传感复用光栅数量增多的需要,提出一种基于长信号相关谱的新型光纤光栅数字解调技术.该技术在可调谐滤波法的基础上,通过传感光栅与调制光栅反射谱卷积后的信号,即光电探测器的光强时间信号,进行自相关分析以实现对波长漂移的测量以及对传感光栅反射谱形状的识别,增强系统的复用能力,提高了性价比.模拟仿真表明,光纤光栅长信号相关数字解调方法可以准确测量光纤光栅波长的漂移,能更好实现传感复用.等强度悬臂梁实验验证该解调方法能实现光栅应变的高精度测量,优于传统的应变片测试.     

面向微加工的虚拟光刻系统建模与实现

提出了一种面向微加工的虚拟光刻系统Litho3D.该系统采用傅立叶光学成像模型、光刻胶曝光及显影模型,实现了投影式光学光刻的三维模拟.它拥有标准的GDSII、CIF版图格式接口和支持各种光学参数(包括数值孔径、波长、离焦量,光刻胶厚度、表面折射率等)的模拟设置.模拟结果的显示采用了体绘制与网格相结合的方法,增强了结果的可视性.此外,光刻模拟结果可以直接导入到虚拟工艺系统ZProcess中作为刻蚀工艺的掩膜输入,实现了光刻工艺与其他微机电系统(MEMS)工艺模拟的无缝集成.一系列模拟结果验证了该系统的可行性.     

低剂量“一站式”全脑灌注成像在缺血性脑卒中的应用

CT灌注成像(CTP)可以反应脑组织血流量状态变化,对缺血性脑卒中的早期诊断和溶栓治疗具有重要意义。随着多层螺旋CT的发展,脑组织的灌注成像实现了从局部到全脑的发展,并且在获取灌注图像的同时,还能够获得颅脑动脉血管成像(CTA)的动态信息。本文对低剂量"一站式"全脑灌注成像在缺血性脑卒中疾病的应用进行综述。     

新型高分辨率紫外-可见成像光谱仪波长定标系统设计

限于常规波长定标的局限性,构建了高分辨率紫外-可见成像光谱仪波长定标装置.该系统主要由具有高稳定性的300W氙灯系统、前置施瓦兹型聚光镜、高光谱分辨力的中阶梯光栅单色仪以及后置光学系统组成.利用ZEMAX光学设计软件,对该中阶梯光栅单色仪光学系统进行了优化设计.对设计结果进行了分析,设计结果表明,所设计的高分辨率紫外-可见成像光谱仪波长定标装置满足设计指标要求,扫描光谱范围270～500 nm,光谱分辨力小于0.05 nm,波长精度小于0.05 nm.     

WMS温度测量中谐波信号锁相放大器的设计

在波长调制光谱技术(Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy, WMS)温度测量中,传统的锁相放大器测量谐波信号的振幅必须对被测信号及参考信号的相位单独进行调整。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于高精度平衡调制器AD630进行同步相敏检测的谐波信号的双锁相放大器。与传统的锁相放大器相比,所提双锁相放大器利用正交双通道的平方和检测,可以避免被测信号与参考信号进行严格的相位匹配问题。利用Multisim软件构建仿真模型,包括前置高通滤波器、正交双通道的相敏检波器、低通滤波器等部分。理论计算和仿真结果表明,所提方法能够准确检测微弱一次、二次、四次谐波信号的幅度,检测误差小于5%,具有电路简单、运行速度快、线性度高等优点,能够满足WMS温度测量工程应用。     

基于有效探测区域的频域内窥式漫射层析成像系统

内窥式漫射层析成像(EDOT)在内部器官癌症的早期诊断方面具有很大潜力,基于本课题组提出的有效探测区域(EDR)方法,发展了基于EDR的频域EDOT系统.首先,为了实现EDR测量模式并简化测量系统,研制了仅利用两根光纤的旋转探头;其次,研制了频域EDOT检测系统,发展了基于EDR的图像重构算法;最后,在固体仿体和管状生物组织上进行了实验验证.固体仿体重构结果表明:重构异质体的大小和位置均同固体仿体目标相同,双异质体可被清晰分开,且吸收和约化散射系数的量化率(QR)分别可达到25%和20%以上;管状生物组织的重构结果表明,重构异质体的位置正确,且重构出的吸收系数和约化散射系数的QR值分别可达到25.3%和18.7%.     

原子磁力仪中的检测光强噪声补偿方法研究

为解决原子磁力仪检测光强残余噪声问题,提出了检测光强噪声数字补偿方法。首先根据原子自 旋进动检测基本理论,通过光弹调制器和锁相放大器进行线偏光的光旋角检测,利用噪声衰减器对检测光功率 进行正弦调制拟合得到补偿系数,然后使用光弹调制器调制频率的二倍频信号对一倍频信号进行后处理修正, 实现检测光强噪声压制。得到补偿系数后可将用于幅度调制的硬件甚至前级稳光强装置移除,仅利用数字补偿 技术即可实现光强噪声抑制。搭建基于K?Rb?21Ne气室的磁力仪实验装置,在无自旋交换弛豫态（Spin?Exchange Relaxation?Free, SERF）下开展检测光强噪声补偿实验, 结果显示光旋角检测信号的噪声被压制了 13. 2 dB@3 Hz。应用此噪声补偿方法,避免了不同光路所引入的非共模噪声,并在前级稳光强的基础上实现了 二次稳光强。此补偿方法可进行补偿系数的定期校准,减小系统状态改变及不稳定性带来的影响,对于提升原 子磁力仪灵敏度具有重要意义。     

Study of optical parameters of polystyrene spheres in dense aqueous suspensions

We investigated the dependence of the scattering and absorption coefficients of particles in dense suspensions by the low-coherence fiber optic dynamic light scattering (FODLS) technique. The estimated particle size was used to calculate the scattering coefficient of particles suspended in dense suspensions. The path-length resolved intensity distributions of light backscattered from absorbing dense suspensions were investigated experimentally. The absorption coefficient can be obtained by applying the measured path-length resolved intensity distributions to the modified Lambert-Beer law. As a result, the low-coherence FODLS technique can simultaneously measure the scattering and absorption coefficients of particles in absorbing dense suspensions, and the scattering and absorption coefficients are independent of each other in dense suspensions in the low-scattering regime of 2l(d) < 10?*.     

Convenient near-field optical measurement and analysis of polystyrene spheres

The modification of a commercial tapping mode atomic force microscope (AFM) into a transmission mode near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) is presented and polystyrene spheres in the diameter of 100 nm are used in this experiment. The detection of near-field signals is based on photodiodes with lock-in technique, and resolutions of topography and near-field signals obtained are about 10 and 20 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it is discovered that the computer-simulated near-field energy distribution profile, obtained by scanning over polystyrene spheres under illumination mode, falls within 5% range as compared with experimental values. The near-field absorption coefficient can be determined by this way. This will be a useful theoretical model to analyze the near-field transmission effect from others.     

太赫兹时域谱的动物皮革光学特性

利用THz时域谱技术对猪皮、牛皮、羊皮在0.2~1.7 THz波段的吸收特性进行了研究.精确测量其折射率、吸收系数等光学参数用于对皮革成分分析以及质量评价,获得了三种皮革样品的吸收峰位置.该研究成果表明,THz-TDS技术可以用于对皮革成分快速检测.     

Frequency domain photothermoacoustic signal amplitude dependence on the optical properties of water: turbid polyvinyl chloride-plastisol system

Photoacoustic (more precisely, photothermoacoustic) signals generated by the absorption of photons can be related to the incident laser fluence rate. The dependence of frequency domain photoacoustic (FD-PA) signals on the optical absorption coefficient (micro(a)) and the effective attenuation coefficient (micro(eff)) of a turbid medium [polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVCP)] with tissuelike optical properties was measured, and empirical relationships between these optical properties and the photoacoustic (PA) signal amplitude and the laser fluence rate were derived for the water (PVCP system with and without optical scatterers). The measured relationships between these sample optical properties and the PA signal amplitude were found to be linear, consistent with FD-PA theory: micro(a)=a(A/Phi)-b and micro(eff)=c(A/Phi)+d, where Phi is the laser fluence, A is the FD-PA amplitude, and a, ...,d are empirical coefficients determined from the experiment using linear frequency-swept modulation and a lock-in heterodyne detection technique. This quantitative technique can easily be used to measure the optical properties of general turbid media using FD-PAs.     

Absorption coefficient imaging by near-field scanning optical microscopy in bacteria

We present a method for obtaining a position-dependent absorption coefficient from near-field scanning optical transmission microscopy. We show that the optical transmission intensity can be combined with the topography, resulting into an absorption coefficient that simplifies the analysis of different materials within a sample. The method is tested with the dye rhodamine 6G, and we show some analysis in biological samples such as bacteria KIebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The calculated absorption coefficient images show important details of the bacteria, in particular for P. aeruginosa, in which membrane vesicles are clearly seen.     

变频与数码涡旋技术在空调系统中的应用

从工作原理、性能系数、温度与湿度调节功能、综合部分负荷系数等方面对空调系统中的变频技术与数码涡旋技术进行了分析与比较,并结合一些工程设计人员的经验,指出了两种技术各自的优势和不足。     

用于纳米级表面形貌测量的光学显微测头

为了满足纳米级表面形貌样板的高精度非接触测量需求,研制了一种高分辨力光学显微测头。以激光全息单元为光源和信号拾取器件,利用差动光斑尺寸变化探测原理,建立了微位移测量系统,结合光学显微成像系统,形成了高分辨力光学显微测头。将该测头应用于纳米三维测量机,对台阶高度样板和一维线间隔样板进行了测量实验。结果表明：该光学显微测头结合纳米三维测量机可实现纳米级表面形貌样板的可溯源测量,具有扫描速度快、测量分辨力高、结构紧凑和非接触测量等优点,对解决纳米级表面形貌测量难题具有重要实用价值。     

In vivo 783-channel diffuse reflectance imaging system and its application

A fiber-based reflectance imaging system was constructed to produce in vivo absorption spectroscopic images of biological tissues with diffuse light in the cw domain. The principal part of this system is the 783-channel fiber probe, composed of 253 illumination fibers and 530 detection fibers distributed in a 20x20 mm square region. During illumination with the 253 illumination fibers, diffuse reflected lights are collected by the 530 detection fibers and recorded simultaneously as an image with an electron multiplying CCD camera for fast data acquisition. After signal acquisition, a diffuse reflectance image was reconstructed by applying the spectral normalization method we devised. To test the applicability of the spectral normalization, we conducted two phantom experiments with chicken breast tissue and white Delrin resin by using animal blood as an optical inhomogeneity. In the Delrin phantom experiment, we present images produced by two methods, spectral normalization and reference signal normalization, along with a comparison of the two. To show the feasibility of our system for biomedical applications, we took images of a human vein in vivo with the spectral normalization method.