钻井封隔器用矩形截面弹簧的设计与校核

根据钻井封隔器的功能和尺寸要求,设计了矩形截面弹簧。根据矩形截面弹簧的结构特点,采用等效并联组合弹簧的方法对矩形截面弹簧进行了理论计算,并推导出轴向刚度的计算方法。运用Solid Works进行三维实体建模,并用ABAQUS进行有限元分析,获得了矩形截面弹簧的轴向刚度,通过与理论计算结果比较,证明了理论计算方法的合理性。通过有限元分析进行强度校核,结果表明矩形截面弹簧满足设计要求,为此类弹簧的设计提供了参考。     

斜圈弹簧非线性刚度及其结构参数影响分析

斜圈弹簧独特的非线性刚度特性是其在高压电力连接、高性能密封设备中广泛使用的关键所在。本文采用参数化建模思想,以单圈斜圈弹簧为研究对象,建立了一套有效的理论计算斜圈弹簧刚度方法。并对斜圈弹簧结构进行参数化分析,得出每个参数对结构刚度的影响。该理论计算弹簧刚度的方法对比于有限元方法计算效率高,并且有助于对斜圈弹簧的非线性机理的认知,对于斜圈弹簧的优化设计、生产与检测提供了理论指导。     

双筒式油气弹簧刚度特性解析计算与仿真分析

提出了油气弹簧刚度特性解析计算的一种研究方法。给出双筒式油气弹簧的结构简图,针对其结构特点,运用范德瓦尔实际气体状态方程推导弹簧的气室压力,同时创建了计算密闭容器内气体质量的求解方程式,并开展垂直刚度的解析计算,揭示了气体弹簧刚度非线性的特点。对试制样件进行弹性特性试验,与系统弹性力方程解析解对比验证了研究方法的正确性,同时开展了相关参数对油气弹簧刚度特性影响规律的研究,所得结论为气体弹簧的设计提供了参考。     

弹簧质量系统固有频率忽略自身质量的计算误差

介绍了单自由度弹簧质量系统固有频率的计算方法,并用不同的方法,比较了忽略弹簧质量和考虑弹簧质量对于固有频率计算值的影响.     

锁环式同步器弹簧的设计

介绍了变速器用锁环式同步器弹簧的设计,详细讲述了弹簧强度和弹簧锁销力的计算方法,根据该方法设计了两组弹簧并进行了台架对比试验,为设计和改进同步器弹簧提供了一种计算方法。     

特殊涨圈弹簧的设计研究

分析了一种特殊涨圈弹簧在工作时的受力状态,通过对这种涨圈弹簧的径向负荷的计算、刚度的计算以及应力分析等,提出了这种特殊涨圈弹簧的设计方法,从而使该种涨圈弹簧更加合理、有效地发挥作用。最后,例举了该涨圈弹簧设计实例,给出了其常用的材料和设计参考数据,通过对实件的测试,验证了该设计方法的可行性。     

囊式空气弹簧刚度特性研究

弹簧刚度作为空气弹簧最重要的参数,是隔振系统设计的基础。以囊式空气弹簧为研究对象,在深入分析空气弹簧受力及囊体材料特性的基础上推导了刚度计算模型,并分别对影响空气弹簧刚度的各个因素进行了仿真分析。仿真结果显示,空气弹簧的刚度主要由工作高度、工作压力决定,但囊体材料特性、加载方式等因素也会对空气弹簧的动态特性产生一定的影响。该模型可为囊式空气弹簧提供一种准确性高、实用性强的计算方法,对空气弹簧隔振系统分析计算具有一定的指导意义。     

基于Matlab的圆柱螺旋弹簧设计计算与优化

传统的弹簧设计计算包括:确定工况、初步确定参数、查表、计算、修改参数,再次计算…,这样反复迭代直到符合要求的计算过程,计算量很大且容易出错,对设计者设计经验有较高要求。本文提出了一种基于Matlab的圆柱螺旋弹簧设计计算方法,可以快速计算出弹簧设计参数,并且可以按照弹簧外形尺寸最小的目标对弹簧进行优化,提高设计效率,减小设计者工作量。     

圆柱扭转弹簧扭矩计算方法的改进

对圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧组件进行有限元接触分析,模拟了扭转弹簧在扭转变形过程中弹簧丝、弹簧座和芯轴之间的相互作用。模拟分析表明,随着扭转弹簧和芯轴之间接触区的演变,扭转弹簧的扭转变形存在明显的阶段性。根据模拟结果,按弯曲梁理论推导出了扭转弹簧的分段线性扭矩-转角公式。提出的圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧扭矩计算方法在自动张紧轮扭转弹簧的设计中取得了满意的效果。与不考虑芯轴的支撑作用的传统设计方法相比,该计算方法具有更高的精度。     

HJL1020汽车扭杆弹簧的设计与实验

对HJL1 0 2 0汽车的扭杆弹簧进行了设计 ,所采用的方法是一种以扭杆弹簧的最大变形能为优化目标的优化设计方法 ,可计算获得主要几何参数的最优值。使用设计计算所得的参数进行扭杆弹簧样品试制 ,并进行了疲劳实验 ,实验证明样品均合格 ,也证实了设计方法和计算结果的实用性和可靠性。同时 ,对计算结果进行了分析 ,提出了改进设计的参考意见     

MODELING METHOD FOR PRODUCT STRUCTURE MAPPING BASED ON REVERSE SOLVING OF LOCUS AND MOTION

Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion (RSLM) is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus

The role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008.]     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.     

Semiautomated methods for cancellous bone histomorphometry using a general-purpose video image analysis system

Semiautomated methods are used to measure elongated, curved and complex branching profiles and isolated perimeter segments in monochrome video images with a general-purpose analysis system. These methods are used to make the major primary measurements of bone histomorphometry. Accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition, processing and measurement system is documented by measuring a semicircular standard of known dimensions. Semiautomated applications of the Ar/Le method for measuring areas and perimeters, and calculating lengths and widths of osteoid seams, lengths of mineralization labels and mineral apposition rate, wall width, indirect measurements of eroded, osteoclastic and osteoblastic perimeters without tracing, and measurement of mineralized or total cancellous bone area and perimeter gave values comparable to measurements of the same parameters by tracing or grid counting techniques with equal or better reproducibility and much greater efficiency. Intraindividual variation in measuring multiple bone biopsies was comparable to that reported with current standard methods. Major sources of variability for semiautomated methods were image magnification and selection of profile edges by thresholding, and sources of variability for manual methods are image magnification, numbers of orthogonal intercepts, tracing speed and accuracy of the algorithm used to measure traced pixels. Semiautomated methods are accurate, reproducible and rapid methods suitable for bone histomorphometry.     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

一种角位移电涡流传感器的原理及应用

设计并实现了一种小角度双E形电涡流角位移传感器，可用于加速度计及陀螺仪闭环控制的校正回路。运用涡流等效原理，从理论和计算上分析了其原理，分析了其反力矩的形成，推导了电涡流传感器的输出方程。对该传感器的输出特性和频率响应特性的实验结果作了分析，结果表明了其可行性，对设计和应用同类传感器有一定的指导意义。     

BODY PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING HUMAN MACHINE CONTACT INTERFACE

Aiming at the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface in automo- bile driving and based on physiological and anatomical principle,the physiological and biochemical process of muscles and nerves in the formation and development of fatigue is analyzed systematically. The fatigue-causing physiological characteristic indexes are mapped to biomechanical indexes like muscle stress-strain,the compression deformation of blood vessels and nerves etc.from the perspec- tive of formation mechanism.The geometrical model of skeleton and parenchyma is established by applying CT-scanned body data and MRI images.The general rule of comfort body pressm'e distribu- tion is acquired through the analysis of anatomical structure of buttocks and femoral region.The comprehensive test platform for sitting comfort of 3D adjustable contact interface is constructed.The test of body pressure distribution of human-machine contact interface and its comparison with subjec- tire evaluation indicates that the biomechanical indexes of automobile driving human-machine con- tact interface and body pressure distribution rule studied can effectively evaluate the fatigue and comfort issues of human-machine contact interface and provide theoretical basis for the optimal de- sign of human-machine contact interface.     

45钢电子束扫描相变硬化组织和硬度的研究

电子束表面处理可以提高钢铁材料的表面硬度和力学性能。研究电子束扫描对45钢硬化层组织和性能的影响,探讨电子束功率、扫描速度等工艺参数对硬化层组织和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜分析45钢电子束表面强化层的显微组织,用显微硬度计进行硬度测试。结果表明,45钢经电子束扫描处理后,硬化层的组织为针状和板条状马氏体,组织比常规调质处理更加均匀、细小,试样表面的平均硬度达58 HRC,比淬火加低温回火处理的硬度高3～5 HRC,是调质处理的两倍,从处理表面往下沿深度方向硬度逐渐减小。电子束工艺参数对硬化层组织和性能有较大影响,硬化层宽度和深度随着电子束功率的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小;硬化层的最高硬度随着电子束功率密度的增加而增加,随着扫描速度的增加而减小。     

煤岩渗透率自动化测试系统

研制的煤岩渗透率测定仪及自动化测试系统,可以模拟１０００ｍ垂深的原岩应力,其测量范围宽、精度高、试样加工容易。所设计的压力传感器电路、流量传感器电路和温度传感器电路以及各传感器的调校软件、系统测试软件,实现了煤岩渗透率测定仪自动化测试技术,具有自动化测试和数据处理与存储功能,特别适用于实验室测定低透气性煤岩渗透率。影响煤岩渗透率的主要因素是应力,裂隙和岩性,必须用原岩应力下的渗透率评价煤岩瓦斯输运能力。