MIRD pamphlet No. 17: the dosimetry of nonuniform activity distributions--radionuclide S values at the voxel level. Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee

The availability of quantitative three-dimensional in vivo data on radionuclide distributions within the body makes it possible to calculate the corresponding nonuniform distribution of radiation absorbed dose in body organs and tissues. This pamphlet emphasizes the utility of the MIRD schema for such calculations through the use of radionuclide S values defined at the voxel level. The use of both dose point-kernels and Monte Carlo simulation methods is also discussed. PET and SPECT imaging can provide quantitative activity data in voxels of several millimeters on edge. For smaller voxel sizes, accurate data cannot be obtained using present imaging technology. For submillimeter dimensions, autoradiographic methods may be used when tissues are obtained through biopsy or autopsy. Sample S value tabulations for five radionuclides within cubical voxels of 3 mm and 6 mm on edge are given in the appendices to this pamphlet. These S values may be used to construct three-dimensional dose profiles for nonuniform distributions of radioactivity encountered in therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine. Data are also tabulated for 131I in 0.1-mm voxels for use in autoradiography. Two examples illustrating the use of voxel S values are given, followed by a discussion of the use of three-dimensional dose distributions in understanding and predicting biologic response.     

Report of the Ethics Committee, 1999.

Reports the number and types of ethical complaints investigated in 1999. In addition, the Ethics Committee reports on significant activities in 1999, the processing of cases, and on the continuing process of revision of the "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

西藏拉萨河232Th分布特征与所致内照射剂量分析

利用拉萨河中下游和堆龙曲支流16个采样点水样,采用ICP-MS测量水样中的²³²Th含量,获得了研究区水体中²³²Th分布特征与所致内照射剂量。结果表明,拉萨河水体中²³²Th含量低于全国地表水平均含量和世卫组织规定的饮用水标准,但高于长江流域诸河与额尔齐斯河。²³²Th含量在中游沿程先降后升,在下游波动变化,在堆龙曲支流沿程下降,同时²³²Th含量随纬度的增大和经度的减小而上升。²³²Th与Cl^-有一定的同源性,与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-及TDS有一定的异源性,说明拉萨河周边碎屑岩颗粒在高温高压、风化等作用下由补给水流向河流输送了²³²Th和Cl^-。拉萨河流域居民由饮水途径所摄入的放射性核素²³²Th所致的内照射待累积剂量当量平均值低于世卫组织推荐的参考值,说明拉萨河河水的放射性水平是安全的,不会对饮用拉萨河河水的居民和动物造成健康危害。     

Medical Research Council: Grants Committee for the Behavioural Sciences.

Describes the procedures used by the Grants Committee for the Behavioural Sciences of the Canadian Medical Research Council in reviewing and adjudicating applications for research grants. The author takes issue with the contention that the Council does not give adequate attention to applications that come from psychologists who are not associated with medical schools. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Roaming through methodology. VI. Medical perspective on the causes of death

The Central Statistics Office (CBS) annually publishes the causes of death of decreased Dutch residents. It is generally assumed that the registration of causes of death is unreliable and provides only limited additional information. It is a fact that the physicians who perform the post mortems may supply incomplete or incorrect information. Hence, individual causes of death are sometimes coded incorrectly. This necessitates specific instruction of medical students. For studies of large groups, misclassification of individual causes of death is of less importance. However, the systematics of the registration has to be taken into account. It is important that causes of death are registered uniformly facilitating (inter)national comparisons. With the aid of a causes of death register, characteristics of (groups of) the population can be related to the distribution of the causes of death; at the level of the individual patient the causes of death may afford insight into causes and effects of disease. The latter is possible by a temporary link of patient data with the individual causes of death.     

Therapy recommendations of the Drug Committee of the German Medical Association--an instrument for quality assurance in drug therapy. Drug Committee of the German Medical Association, Cologne

This article addresses the inadequacy of the standard genogram for African American families because of its underlying assumption that "family" is strictly a biological entity. The author suggests that this assumption is not culturally valid for African American families who have a long history of defining "family" as a kinship based on biological and functional ties. Using this conceptualization, an African American genogram is proposed.     

The American Psychological Association Annual Report 1999.

As the 20th century closes, it is natural to gauge the growth of the American Psychological Association and of the discipline of psychology during the past 100 years. Over the course of the century, psychology and APA have grown from a narrowly defined field and an organization with relatively few followers to a rich and diverse discipline with a professional organization having an international membership of nearly 160,000. For these members, APA continues to provide many products and services designed to assist them in their education, continuing education, and professional lives. The Central Office directorates and program's aim is to be relevant and useful to members, allied professionals, public policymakers, and the general public. In this annual report, a summary of the accomplishments of each directorate is given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emergency medical kit for commercial airlines. Air Transport Medicine Committee, Aerospace Medical Association

While it has been of general interest for a long time, the issue of a Medical Kit for Commercial Airlines is now close to the top of the priority list because of recent activities in Europe within the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) and in the United States at the Congressional Level. The Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) requested its Air Transport Medicine Committee to review the situation and make recommendations for a basic medical kit for international airlines. After reviewing the contents of existing kits, and the limited amount of available data, a proposal was submitted to and accepted by the AsMA Council. This is just a beginning. The Air Transport Medicine Committee will continue to follow the evolution and periodically adapt the kit accordingly.     

The Hebbian perspective on mind-brain relations.

Reviews the book, Essay on Mind by D.O. Hebb (1980). This is the third book by Canada's most distinguished and influential psychologist, Donald Olding Hebb. Essay on Mind presents readers with an opportunity to see why Hebb and his writings have had such an impact: In this book, Hebb presents a succinct account of the development of cell-assembly theory and its applications, as well as views on important philosophical and scientific issues. Hebb argues that his type of theory is not "mere translation" because the physiological theory and data impose constraints on psychological concepts. Moreover, such theorizing can be useful in that it leads to new evidence or tells a theorist how to look at available evidence from different aspects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Committee on Psychology in National and International Affairs.

The author who is the full-time Executive Secretary of the committee "serves to facilitate the Committee's operations by establishing and maintaining liaison with staffs of governmental agencies, Congressional offices, and other professional and public affairs organizations in order to determine their activities and interests, and to provide them with relevant information concerning the availability of behavioral science resources. Major sections are: Current Program, and Other Continuing and Contemplated Activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于完善中央直属科技型企业内部控制体系的探讨

中央直属科技型企业内部控制体系的建立是一个系统过程。优化法人治理结构是核心，健全监督机制是关键，科学设置财务管理机构是基础，加强网络信息系统安全控制是保障。