一种节能的Ad hoc网络路由协议

针对Ad hoc网络中移动节点能量有限的问题,综合考虑节点剩余能量和节点能量消耗速率两方因素,提出一种基于节点生存时间的路由算法MRL（Maximum Routing Life）。通过估算节点使用寿命,选择生存时间最长的路由,均衡移动网络中各节点的能量。引入NS能量模型,与Ad hoc网络中典型路由协议进行比较;仿真结果表明,与传统路由协议相比,新的路由协议有效地提高了Ad hoc网络性能。     

无线网络中基于编码感知的能量优化路由算法

由电池供应电量的无线通信网络中,数据需要通过作为路由的中间节点进行传输,所以这些中间节点的能量消耗对整个网络的生存有很大的影响。本文从延长网络生存时间的目的出发,提出了一种能量优化的编码感知路由协议COER(Coding-aware based Optimal Energy Routing),利用能量门限值以及相对剩余能量来均衡网络节点能量的消耗,同时用网络编码来减少能量的消耗,并将两者统一来实现网络能量的优化。仿真结果表明:COER能够减少传输能耗,均衡网络能量消耗,延长网络生存时间。     

一种基于负载均衡和能量感知的移动自组网路由算法

在移动自组网中，减少移动节点电池能量消耗，延长网络总的使用时间，已经成为路由协议性能评价的重要方面。提出了一种新的路由选择度量，它综合考虑了节点负载及当前的剩余能量，试图通过路由机制均衡网络流量、保护网络中的低能量节点。结合此度量方式提出一种路由选择算法LBEAR（Load—Balanced ＆ Energy—Aware Routing），仿真结果表明，该算法能够使节点能耗与负载的分布更为均匀，相比以前相关的路由算法有效提高了吞吐量。     

EMRPP：一种DTMSN组播路由算法

针对容迟移动传感器网络（Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network,DTMSN）网络的容迟及节点的移动性特点,提出了一种新的基于概率预测的能量均衡组播路由算法（Energy-balanced Multicast Routing based Probability Probabilistic,EMRPP）。该算法采用到达概率选择路由下一跳的方式,且考虑了节点能量对算法性能的影响。仿真结果表明,EMRPP算法在数据传输率和平均传输延迟方面的性能要优于改进之前的PROPHET算法,是一种有效的容迟移动网络组播路由方案。     

一种基于负载均衡的Ad Hoc网络接入Internet路由机制

在移动自组网(MANET)与Internet互联的网络结构中,由于移动节点的能量是影响网络性能的重要因素,因此必须考虑节点的负载及能量问题.本文针对这些问题提出一种基于负载均衡和不对称多径传输的路由机制LBAMR(Load-Balanced and Asymmetrical Multipath Routing),并用NS2软件对其进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,该路由机制能够有效地均衡网络负载并保护网络中的低能量节点,尽可能地延长网络寿命.     

无线传感器网络多级环形分簇节能路由

综合LEACH算法和TEEN算法的缺点,并且考虑到传输距离对能量消耗的影响、网络中各节点的负载均衡、网络具有尽可能大的使用寿命,提出了一种多级环形分簇路由算法（Multi-stage Cluster Based Ring Routing Algorithm）MCBR。算法综合考虑了节点如何合理地分簇、簇头节点合理选择、传输距离对网络能量的影响,提出一种新的路由机制。NS-2模拟仿真实验表明该路由算法有效地延长了网络寿命。     

一种基于马尔可夫博弈的能量均衡路由算法

针对无线传感器网络中耗能不均问题,引入马尔可夫博弈理论,构建了无线传感器网络的马尔可夫博弈模型.在能量均衡路由分析的基础上,给出了一种基于马尔可夫博弈的能量均衡路由算法,该算法从无线传感器网络整体耗能出发,兼顾节点之间的合作.定义了能量和信誉值的二元收益函数,给出了节点转发的状态转移概率,根据收益函数进行能量调节,求解出能量和收益之间的均衡系数——纳什均衡,实现了节点能量的均衡消耗,延长了网络的生命周期.使用PRISM概率仿真工具进行仿真,验证了该博弈模型存在纳什均衡点,同时表明该模型能促进节点之间合作,最大化无线传感器网络的生命周期.     

蚁群算法在无线传感器网络中的应用研究

使用无线传感器节点有限的能量保证网络的寿命是无线传感器网络研究的重要问题,网络能量是否均衡消耗对网络寿命有着决定性的影响.为了促使网络节点能量消耗相对均衡,将蚁群优化算法应用于无线传感器网络的路径选择,提出一种蚁群优化的无线传感器网络能量均衡路由算法.利用蚁群的自组织、自适应和动态寻优能力,通过蚂蚁并行地寻找从源节点到达目的节点的最优路径,使网络最优路径和能量均衡消耗之间进行平衡,以达到网络能量的优化均衡消耗,进而延长整个网络的寿命.进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,与经典路由定向扩散算法相比,算法能有效地均衡网络节点的能量消耗为设计提供了有效的方法.     

无线传感器网络跳数优化非均衡路由算法

针对多跳层次性路由算法中存在的距离基站较近的节点因数据通信负载过重而导致死亡速度过快的问题,提出一种无线传感器网络跳数优化非均衡路由（Hop Optimized Unequal Clustering Routing,HOUCR）算法。HOUCR建立基于最优跳数的路由路径,减小每回合网络能量消耗;通过能量均衡产生非均衡的簇,解决“热点”问题。仿真实验表明,HOUCR能够减小并均衡网络能量消耗,延长了网络寿命。     

基于网络编码的Ad Hoc网络能量感知路由策略

针对Ad Hoc网络终端节点能量受限对全网路由的影响,提出了一种基于网络编码的能量感知路由协议(Energy-aware Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Network based on Network Coding,ERPNC)。ERPNC采用数据流速率匹配的方法,利用节点编码机会降低能量消耗,同时通过节点剩余能量值和节点能耗速度预测节点剩余生存时间,并结合路径总能耗和节点剩余生存时间提出新的路由评价函数和路由发现策略。此外,ERPNC通过引入本地路由维护策略来减少路由断裂和数据包重传情况的发生。仿真结果表明:与其他相关路由协议相比,ERPNC能够有效降低传输能耗,均衡网络能量消耗,延长网络寿命,提高网络吞吐量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.