乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的半连续化生产工艺

淄博蓝帆化工有限公司研究人员开发出一种环保型增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)的半连续化生产工艺,该工艺路线由酯化工序、脱醇工序、乙酰化工序、脱酸工序、中和水洗工序、汽提工序、废水工序、过滤工序等8个工序构成。该方法针对传统工艺的缺点,重新设计了工艺流程,在     

加强作业质量监督提高工序合格率

本文从作业井不合格工序分类分析入手,找出了影响作业工序合格率的违章工序和偷漏工序要因,并提出了对应措施来加强作业质量监督,确保工序合格率达到标准要求。     

谈工序管理点的管理

工序管理是在生产过程中对“4MIE”因素的综合管理和控制,通过工序分析、工序控制、工序改善而不断提高工序质量。工序管理点是针对工序问题点把关键工序和薄弱环节的某些质量特性管理起来。工序管理点的管理就是把管结果转变成管因素,建立必要的管理制度和办法,使整个工序处于受控状态。     

聚氯乙烯生产中安全、节能、环保技术的创新与应用

介绍了新龙电化集团聚氯乙烯有限公司在聚氯乙烯生产的乙炔工序、氯乙烯工序、聚合工序及干燥工序所进行的技术创新及采取的一些新技术。     

离子膜法烧碱工艺各工序生产经验

总结了从一次盐水的制备,到碳素管过滤工序,螯合树脂吸附工序,离子膜电解工序,真空脱氯工序等各工序在生产操作中应注意的问题,提出了一些稳定生产的方法.     

不溶性硫磺生产工序中稳定剂的选择及效果研究

将不同的稳定剂投加到不溶性硫磺生产工艺的熔融、聚合、淬冷、萃取和充油5道生产工序中。研究发现,在聚合工序加碘代硝基苯、淬冷工序加磷酸三苯酯、聚合工序加碘代硝基苯、萃取工序加磷酸三苯酯、充油工序加松节油作为稳定剂,所得不溶性硫磺的收率和热稳定率都较高,热稳定率达到91.91%。     

专利摘登

<正>抗老化的常压阳离子染料可染聚酯的制备方法这种抗起球、抗老化、常压阳离子染料可染聚酯的制备方法包括下述工序:第1次酯化反应工序,酯交换反应工序,第2次酯化反应工序,缩聚反应工序。在酯交换反应工序中加入第三组分。在第2次酯化后,预缩聚反应前,加入受阻胺类光稳定剂和受     

复合电镀法制造固结磨料金刚石线锯的工艺要点分析

复合电镀法是制造固结磨料金刚石线锯的理想方法。复合电镀法制造固结磨料金刚石线锯依次经线锯基体选择、预处理工序、电镀工序和后处理工序。对各工序及关联子工序涉及的工艺要点予以分析,以期为固结磨料金刚石线锯的研究与制造提供理论参考。     

烧碱生产系统自动化改造

针对生产中存在的问题,对电解工序、氯氢处理工序和HCl合成工序进行了自动化改造。     

聚丙烯酰胺在湿法磷酸生产中的应用

介绍聚丙烯酰胺在湿法磷酸生产过程中矿浆浓密工序、料浆过滤工序、浓磷酸沉降工序的应用。试验数据表明,阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(型号SXKJ-166)、助滤聚丙烯酰胺(型号SXKJ-603)、非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(型号SXKJ-0801)产品完全能满足"835"项目矿浆浓密工序、过滤工序、浓磷酸沉降工序的的生产要求。     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.     

民用工业中复合材料桁架的应用和发展

本文叙述了复合材料桁架的构造、分类和计算方法,突出了复合材料桁架的优越性能和在民用工业中的应用前景;在分析大量文献资料的基础上阐述复合材料桁架杆件的多种加工工艺,并比较不同截面形式对杆件性能的影响;探讨复合材料杆件的破坏机理和分析方法,介绍节点的类型和各自的特点,提出节点及连接部位存在的关键问题;根据国内外复合材料桁架的研究和应用现状,阐述了复合材料桁架的性能和不同的设计方法,总结归纳影响复合材料桁架性能的关键因素和设计中存在的一些问题,并提出改进杆件设计、节点设计和优化复合材料桁架的建议。     

熟料岩相试样制作方法及典型岩相特征的形成原因

熟料的岩相分析有助于熟料质量的判断及生产过程控制调整。根据多年实践经验,总结了手工和机械磨制岩相试样的方法及注意事项,并对几种熟料岩相特征(孔洞、游离氧化钙、A矿包裹B矿和f-Ca O、晶体尺寸不均和矿巢)进行了举例和形成原因分析。     

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Preservation Method on Functionality of Soy Protein

The effects of extraction temperature and preservation method on the functional properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined. Four extraction temperatures (25, 40, 60, and 80 °C) were used to produce SPI and yields of solids and protein contents were determined. Three preservation methods were also tested (spray-drying, freeze-drying, and freezing–thawing) and compared to fresh (undried) samples for each extraction temperature. No differences in yields of solids and protein were observed among SPIs extracted at 25, 40, and 60 °C; however, SPI extracted at 80 °C yielded significantly less solids and protein. Extraction temperature significantly affected SPI functionality. As extraction temperature increased, solubility and emulsification capacity decreased; surface hydrophobicities, emulsification activities and stabilities, and dynamic viscosities increased; and foaming properties improved. Preservation method also significantly affected SPI functionality. Drying method did not affect the denaturation enthalpies of SPIs, but spray-dried SPIs had higher solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, and emulsification stabilities, and lower viscosities, emulsification activities and rates of foaming than freeze-dried SPI exhibited. Emulsification and foaming capacities and foaming stabilities were similar for both methods of drying. There was significant interaction between extraction temperature and preservation method for all functional properties except emulsification capacity.     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Self-Assembly of Diamondoid Molecules and Derivatives (MD Simulations and DFT Calculations)

We report self-assembly and phase transition behavior of lower diamondoid molecules and their primary derivatives using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two lower diamondoids (adamantane and diamantane), three adamantane derivatives (amantadine, memantine and rimantadine) and two artificial molecules (ADM•Na and DIM•Na) are studied separately in 125-molecule simulation systems. We performed DFT calculations to optimize their molecular geometries and obtained atomic electronic charges for the corresponding MD simulation, by which we predicted self-assembly structures and simulation trajectories for the seven different diamondoids and derivatives. Our radial distribution function and structure factor studies showed clear phase transitions and self-assemblies for the seven diamondoids and derivatives.     

Role of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) carbohydrates in resistance to budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis)

The current year's growth of Douglas fir contains galactose, unusual in that this carbohydrate makes up 78.7% of the total carbohydrate fraction. An agar diet study was undertaken to determine the effects of galactose, other carbohydrates, and terpenes on western spruce budworm larval mortality, growth rate, and adult biomas production. All concentrations of the carbohydrates and terpenes tested, as well as other mineral elements not tested, were typical of the current year's foliage of Douglas fir. In experiment I, the diet containing 5.61% total carbohydrate did not significantly affect larval mortality when compared to the control diet. However, diets containing 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrate concentrations significantly increased larval mortality 64% and 96.1%, respectively, when compared to the control. Also in experiment I, terpenes alone (78.9% morality) and terpenes in combination with 9.45% and 15% total carbohydrates significantly increased larval mortality (97.2% and 100%, respectively) when compared to mortality on the control diet (44%). To determine which carbohydrate was causing the adverse effect, 6% glucose, 6% fructose, and 6% galactose were placed individually and in combination with terpenes in diets in experiment II. The 6% galactose diet significantly increased larval mortality and reduced growth rate when compared to the control, glucose, and fructose diets. Glucose resulted in 16% less larval mortality, significantly enhanced female larval growth rate and pupal weight, but did not affect male larval growth rate and pupal weight, when compared to the control. Fructose resulted in a significant decrease in larval mortality and a general trend of enhanced female and male larval growth rate and pupal weight. Larval mortality on terpenes alone was not significantly different from the control, but terpenes with 6% galactose increased larval mortality and decreased female and male growth rate and pupal weight significantly when compared to glucose-terpene and fructose-terpene diets. No significant interactions were found between carbohydrates and terpenes in either experiment.     

COMBINED INNOVATIVE HEAT PUMP DRYING TECHNOLOGIES AND NEW COLD EXTRUSION TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCTION OF INSTANT FOODS

There is an increased demand for convenient foods including ready-to-eat and instant products. These products are desired with minimum concentration of synthetic chemicals. This creates challenges for the food industry and dryers manufactures to develop new technologies to process difficult-sensitive materials and to supply final products with high quality and improved properties. Fruits and vegetables are mainly composed of water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Due to modification of chemical and physical bonds the compounds the material becomes viscous and sticky during processing. Conventional dryers have limitations in handling such sensitive materials. Heat pump dryers have been applied in the production of a diversity of ready-to-eat foods and dried instant products for the last five years at SINTEF-NTNU. Besides being energetically efficient and environmentally friendly, the heat pump drying technology provides a wide range of drying conditions as required to produce powders with improved characteristics. This work describes the new technologies and processing line for the production of instant foods as well as the measurements on the properties and quality attributes for raw, intermediate and final instant products.     

Environment and colour: The technological interface

Technology and colour are viewed as interfaces between the environment, humans and human activity. Examples are provided of ways of facilitating and improving access to and use of colours by commercial users of colour coatings through improvements in the accuracy of measuring and displaying colour. By analogy, the task of providing effective interfaces within the coatings industry, between the coatings industry and the environment and between the coatings industry and the public and political domain are discussed. Examples of information shortfalls are cited to illustrate how distortions arise. Examples of more effective, integrated technological, organisational and political interfacing are culled from the author's experiences.     

毒死蜱、联苯菊酯在室内和室外土壤中的消解动态及土壤化学屏障研究

[目的]探讨毒死蜱和联苯菊酯在室内外土壤中的消解动态,并预测2种农药作为土壤化学屏障防治白蚁的有效期。[方法]采用气相色谱法测定不同时期土壤中毒死蜱和联苯菊酯的残留量并采用土壤穿透法测定2种农药在土壤中的生物活性。[结果]毒死蜱在室内和室外的半衰期分别为51.3、39.5 d,联苯菊酯在室内和室外的半衰期分别为31.3、44.5 d。毒死蜱和联苯菊酯抗白蚁穿透的最低有效质量分数分别为6.15、5.78 mg/kg,并结合消解动态方程预测出毒死蜱和联苯菊酯作为土壤化学屏障中有效成分的有效期在室内分别为195、29.1 d,在室外则分别为158.4、56.1 d。[结论]得到的白蚁防治有效期结果较好,为白蚁的化学防治提供理论依据。