神经网络在风烟系统含氧量软测量中的应用

风烟系统烟气含氧量是影响锅炉效率的一个重要因素,其测量结果对评价燃烧经济性指标有重要作用。由于炉内燃烧过程复杂且烟气含氧量影响因素多,现场含氧量的直接测量往往存在滞后且精度较差。近年来,基于相关参数建模的软测量方法在电厂逐渐得以应用。为此,针对某1 000 MW锅炉机组,考虑风烟系统的结构及影响锅炉含氧量的因素,以电厂采集的历史运行数据作为神经网络模型的训练样本和测试样本,建立了基于神经网络的风烟系统含氧量软测量模型。与基于梯度下降法的神经网络相比,采用性能更好的L-M算法作为神经网络训练算法。试验结果表明:基于L-M算法的神经网络模型能够更准确地预测烟气含氧量,为实现锅炉的燃烧优化调整、节煤降耗奠定基础。     

基于状态约束的滑动时间窗软测量模型

工业过程的模型通常具有非线性强、系统时变明显、工况变化大等特点。传统的滑动时间窗选择方法容易包含大量关联度低的数据,影响了数据模型的建模精度和建模效率。本文提出了一种带状态约束的滑动时间窗口选择算法,应用于工业连续过程软测量模型的训练数据选取。将该时间窗口选择算法与最小二乘支持向量回归算法结合,利用电站锅炉的历史运行数据,建立了燃煤电站锅炉尾部烟气含氧量的软测量模型。研究结果表明,相比于传统的滑动时间窗选择算法,利用该算法进行训练样本选取后,提高了所建立的最小二乘支持向量机模型的模型精度和运行效率。利用该方法建立的烟气含氧量软测量模型具有较高的精度,可以在氧化锆传感器发生故障时代替其工作,保证了氧量信号的稳定性和可靠性。     

基于状态约束的滑动时间窗软测量模型北大核心CSCD

工业过程的模型通常具有非线性强、系统时变明显、工况变化大等特点。传统的滑动时间窗选择方法容易包含大量关联度低的数据,影响了数据模型的建模精度和建模效率。本文提出了一种带状态约束的滑动时间窗口选择算法,应用于工业连续过程软测量模型的训练数据选取。将该时间窗口选择算法与最小二乘支持向量回归算法结合,利用电站锅炉的历史运行数据,建立了燃煤电站锅炉尾部烟气含氧量的软测量模型。研究结果表明,相比于传统的滑动时间窗选择算法,利用该算法进行训练样本选取后,提高了所建立的最小二乘支持向量机模型的模型精度和运行效率。利用该方法建立的烟气含氧量软测量模型具有较高的精度,可以在氧化锆传感器发生故障时代替其工作,保证了氧量信号的稳定性和可靠性。     

一种基于直接广义预测的烟气含氧量软测量方法研究

针对工业锅炉烟气含氧量的测量,文章给出了一种基于直接广义预测算法的烟气含氧量软测量方法,运用该方法能够客观反映锅炉燃烧过程中任何时段的真实情况,提高烟气含氧量的测量精度,优化锅炉燃烧控制系数的性能.利用现场实际数据对该方法进行了仿真验证,仿真结果果表明了该软测量方法的有效性.     

基于KPCA-LS-SVM的工业锅炉烟气含氧量预测

排烟含氧量是评价燃烧过程好坏和锅炉优化运行的重要指标,也是调节最佳风煤比的主要依据。针对工业锅炉氧量计使用受限的问题,提出一种混合的软测量方法:。为了提高烟气含氧量的软测量预测精度,本文分析与烟气含氧量有关的锅炉运行变量,从中确定8个,并采用核主成分析法进行参数处理,整合冗余,降低维数。经处理后得到的6个主成分,其累计贡献率达95.522%,以此作为最小二乘支持向量机软测量模型的输入。在此基础上,通过划分网格来改进交叉实验法,进而优化最小二乘支持向量机的2个参数。经优化得到的误差参数γ和径向基核函数参数σ~2分别为90.3和239.6,模型具有较高的训练精度。最后对某循环流化床锅炉进行建模仿真,利用采集的数据,分别建立最小二乘支持向量机、核主成分分析的最小二乘支持向量机和BP神经网络3种模型。应用3种模型对烟气含氧量进行预测,并采用3个模型性能指标进行对比分析。结果:表明,基于核主成分分析的最小二乘支持向量机的工业锅炉烟气含氧量模型,在小样本条件下学习更加有效,建模采样过程更快,预测精度更高。该模型有助于实现工业锅炉烟气含氧量在线软测量。     

基于ANFIS模型的烟气含氧量建模和预测

针对电厂热工测量参数难以进行有效预测的问题,提出一种基于ANFIS模型的烟气含氧量建模和预测方法.基于自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)学习能力与泛化能力均较强的优点,建立软测量预报模型,借助某电厂循环流化床锅炉烟气含氧量实测数据进行仿真,结果表明,基于ANFIS的自适应预测模型,具有良好的预报能力,具有较高的预报精度和鲁棒性,可以较好地解决电厂烟气含氧量预测问题,对于实现锅炉燃烧系统的优化运行和预测控制具有一定的价值.     

基于支持向量机的火电厂烟气含氧量软测量

针对火电厂烟气含氧量的测量,提出了一种基于支持向量机的软测量建模方法,实验证明,该方法比较传统的氧量分析仪和RBF神经网络软测量均有着明显的优势,对于实现火电厂经济燃烧有着重大的意义.     

基于GMDH的电厂烟气含氧量软测量

烟气含氧量是评价火电厂锅炉燃烧好坏的一项重要指标,所以准确的测量尤为重要。本文主要研究内容是利用软测量技术对电厂烟气含氧量进行仿真测量,所采用的软测量建模方法为数据成组处理法(Group method of data handling,GMDH),利用从华润某电厂300MW机组得到的实际运行数据建立模型,并与BP神经网络所得预测结果进行对比。仿真结果表明:该方法能够较准确的对火电厂烟气含氧量进行预测。     

烟气含氧量软测量方法研究

针对火电厂烟气含氧量测量过程中存在的一些问题,分析了氧化锆氧分析器运行中的主要影响因素。软测量技术为烟气含氧量提供了新的测量手段。给出了常见的烟气含氧量软测量建模方法,并且重点分析了软测量建模过程中辅助变量的选取与处理、样本的选择与处理、主导变量的校准以及模型的更新校正等关键技术。分析表明,尽管软测量模型具有较高的精度和动态响应速度,但是现有的研究并不能完全解决直接测量结果误差大、滞后等问题。由于软测量模型以硬件测量作为参考,因此应首先考虑从硬件方面提升测量的精准度和响应速度。     

基于神经网络的火电厂烟气含氧量软测量

介绍了测量仪表及过程控制中的软测量技术. 讨论了软测量技术的有关问题和开发策略.提出了基于一种复合型神经网络的火电厂烟气含 氧量软测量模型,并且用它对火电厂烟气含氧量的软测量进行了建模仿真验证,现场不同负荷 下的实测数据仿真验证结果表明了软测量方法的有效性.最后给出了应用前景展望.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。