MTO烯烃分离过程的多目标操作优化

现代煤化工中,甲醇制烯烃(MTO)是一个非常重要的装置。其烯烃分离过程面临着原料变动大、烯烃产品损失以及较高的公用工程消耗等问题。这就需要在满足产品规格和需求的情况下,优化操作条件以实现最大效益。以Lummus前脱丙烷的烯烃分离工艺为研究对象,以增加乙烯与丙烯的总收率和降低总能耗为优化目标,对该工艺流程进行建模模拟与多目标优化。采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)进行多目标优化的求解,实现了15个操作变量的同时优化。在维持产品收率不变的前提下,可通过降低脱丙烷塔、脱乙烷塔和1#丙烯精馏塔的回流比等优化措施找到了当前最优操作点。结果表明,该最优操作点与现有操作点相比可降低20 MW能耗。通过对决策变量的综合分析,确定了不同目标权衡下对应的各个操作变量的优化区间,发现精馏塔可以在多个最佳操作区间内运行。     

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的FCC分离系统多目标优化

应用流程模拟软件HYSYS对某炼厂65万吨/年重油催化裂化装置进行全流程模拟。以最大目的产品（汽油+液化气）收率与最小分离系统能耗为优化目标,采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）对FCC分离系统进行多目标优化。通过对决策变量的择优选取、最优算法参数的研究（包括种群规模、P_c与P_m自适应策略、遗传代数）、最优点的决策建立了一套缜密的多目标优化方法。优化结果显示,目的产品（汽油+液化气）收率提升4.32个百分点,分离系统能耗降低16.88%,为FCC分离系统的操作变量优化提供了重要的数据支持与优化建议。     

面向产品分布协调的两段提升管催化裂解多目标优化

根据两段提升管重油催化裂解过程工艺特点和经济运行要求，基于过程机理模型，考虑多种约束条件，构造了同时最大化丙烯、汽油产量以及最小化干气产量的多目标操作优化问题，并采用标准化法向约束方法求解获得了完整、均匀分布的Pareto最优解。仿真结果表明，多目标优化结果可以定量地描述出丙烯、汽油和干气收率间的最优折中，以及操作变量、约束条件对产品分布的影响，可以为过程优化操作提供指导。     

基于多目标优化的两段提升管重油催化裂解自优化控制

针对两段提升管重油催化裂解过程经济运行要求和工艺特点,从多目标优化角度出发,提出一种自优化控制方法。首先,基于过程稳态模型,考虑操作约束条件,构造同时最大化丙烯产量和最小化干气产量的多目标操作优化问题,并采用标准化法向约束方法求解获得完整、均匀分布的Pareto最优解;然后,根据多目标优化结果所揭示的最优操作条件与积极约束之间的关系,提出了一种基于串级控制的自优化控制策略。仿真结果表明,与传统的提升管出口温度设定值跟踪控制相比,本文方法在干扰作用下能够及时调整操作条件,降低干扰对过程优化运行的不利影响。     

催化汽油改质降烯烃多产丙烯反应规律的研究

在小型固定流化床实验装置上,以燕山石化催化汽油为原料,对催化汽油改质过程进行了实验研究,并对反应过程气体产品和液体产品的组成进行了详细分析,考察了反应温度、重时空速、剂油比以及催化剂的活性对改质过程产物分布的影响,发现在催化汽油改质过程中,各操作条件对改质过程产物分布均有不同程度的影响,通过选择合适的操作条件,在保证低烯烃含量的同时,实现多产丙烯是可行的,在适宜的条件下,汽油烯烃体积分数可降到11.8%,同时,液化气中丙烯质量分数达到了44.4%.     

MTO脱甲烷塔分离过程模拟及优化

采用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件对1800kt/a MTO装置的中冷脱甲烷塔分离过程进行模拟和优化。选用RK-SOVE状态方程和RadFrac模块进行计算并与实际工况进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。并对进料位置、中间冷却器位置和处理量进行灵敏度分析,着重考察了吸收剂使用量及其组成对分离效果的影响。模拟结果表明,预切割-脱甲烷工艺虽然在降低乙烯损失和吸收剂用量方面对吸收?-脱甲烷工艺进行了改进,但是综合效果并不明显。灵敏度分析显示除预切割-脱甲烷工艺的吸收剂用量外,其余考察变量均存在最优值。     

Kinetic study of the methanol to olefin process on a SAPO-34 catalyst

In this paper, a new kinetic model for methanol to olefin process over SAPO-34 catalyst was developed using elementary step level. The kinetic model fits well to the experimental data obtained in a fixed bed reactor. Using this kinetic model, the effect of the most important operating conditions such as temperature, pressure and methanol space-time on the product distribution has been examined. It is shown that the temperature ranges between 400 °C and 450 °C is appropriate for propene production while the medium temperature (450 °C) is favorable for total olefin yield which is equal to 33%. Increasing the reactor pressure decreases the ethylene yield, while medium pressure is favorable for the propylene yield. The result shows that the ethylene and propylene and consequently the yield of total olefins increase to approximately 35% with decreasing the molar ratio of inlet water to methanol.     

化工过程总体裕量与控制性能的权衡优化

化工过程的总体裕量可以用操作优化的经济效益进行评价,根据稳态优化和动态优化的经济效益可进一步划分为服务于操作控制的控制裕量和表征过程可实现经济效益的工艺裕量,二者都与化工过程的控制性能有关。针对具有一定裕量的化工过程进行多目标动态优化,优化目标分别为操作点的经济效益与动态过程中的控制性能指标,采用0-1变量描述控制结构,将控制结构和控制器参数也作为优化变量进行混合整数动态优化,采用Constrained NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解非劣解集,根据非劣解集分析总体工艺裕量、总体控制裕量与控制性能指标的关系。通过催化裂化装置的实例分析发现,对于具有一定裕量的化工过程,控制性能越高,所需的总体控制裕量越多,表征操作优化可实现经济效益的总体工艺裕量越少,只有通过对总体控制裕量和总体工艺裕量进行权衡,才能找到兼顾工艺要求和控制性能的工艺操作点和控制设计方案。     

Data-driven optimal operation of the industrial methanol to olefin process based on relevance vector machine

Methanol to olefin(MTO) technology provides the opportunity to produce olefins from nonpetroleum sources such as coal, biomass and natural gas. More than 20 commercial MTO plants have been put into operation. Till now, contributions on optimal operation of industrial MTO plants from a process systems engineering perspective are rare. Based on relevance vector machine(RVM), a data-driven framework for optimal operation of the industrial MTO process is established to fully utilize the plentiful industrial data sets. RVM correlates the yield distribution prediction of main products and the operation conditions.These correlations then serve as the constraints for the multi-objective optimization model to pursue the optimal operation of the plant. Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ is used to solve the optimization problem. Comprehensive tests demonstrate that the ethylene yield is effectively improved based on the proposed framework. Since RVM does provide the distribution prediction instead of point estimation, the established model is expected to provide guidance for actual production operations under uncertainty.     

基于能量目标的芳烃萃取精馏溶剂评价模型

以NRTL活度系数模型为基础，利用Aspen Plus对不同单组分萃取剂回收芳烃的萃取精馏装置进行了全流程模拟和工艺操作参数优化。综合考虑各操作变量及其关联，提出了基于局部耦合参数迭代优化的整体协同优化策略，在保证分离要求的条件下，以能耗为目标，对萃取精馏塔（EDC）、溶剂回收塔（ERC）的进料位置、ERC回流比等关键操作参数进行优化，建立过程能耗的物性关联模型。通过分析不同溶剂对芳烃萃取精馏过程能耗和分离效果的影响，提出了基于能耗目标的芳烃萃取精馏溶剂评价模型，结果表明影响芳烃萃取精馏过程能耗的关键物性为溶剂的分子量及常压沸点，所建立的过程能耗关联模型具有较高的关联性，其R ²均大于0.9，可有效指导萃取精馏溶剂选择，为计算机辅助分子设计提供简化的目标函数。     

Synthesis of Rice Processing Plants. II. MINLP Optimization

A systematic design approach was applied to develop the optimal process flowsheet for a rice processing plant. The optimization problem was formulated as a Mixed-Integer NonLinear Programme, MINLP, consisting of vectors of binary and continuous variables. A superstructure flowsheet comprising all serial structures of drying, cooling, and tempering units in the process was postulated. The set of optimum decision variables including the number of drying, cooling, and tempering units, temperature and relative humidity of drying air, drying time, cooling time, and tempering time were determine as the solution of the corresponding MINLP. Six objective functions were investigated as possible performance criteria: production time, number of the operating units, energy consumption, total operating cost, head rice yield, and the profit. The choice of objective function was found to have a significant effect on the optimal solution. Comparison with typical design and operating conditions, the MINLP results showed that a 22% reduction in energy consumption was possible along with a 2.4% increase in head rice yield. These savings, if applied to the world-wide rice industry, translate into more than $3 billion dollars/year increase in profit.     

丙烯氯醇化反应器操作优化

以１０,０００吨／年环氧丙烷装置氯醇化反应工段为对象,采用简化的机理模型,通过两相法实施过程的操作优化,考察了操作变量对反应过程的影响,并比较了不同优化目标对优化效果的影响,通过优化显著地提高过程的运行效益,并提出了进一步提高生产能力和优化效果的途径。     

丙烷脱氢反应气分离提纯丙烯和氢气过程严格模拟与能效评估

丙烷脱氢(PDH)是生产丙烯产品的重要方式之一,丙烷脱氢反应气组分复杂,为获得聚合级丙烯和纯度不小于99.90 mol/mol的氢气产品,在Aspen软件中对丙烷脱氢反应气分离和富氢尾气回收氢气的过程进行建模和模拟,分离过程包括醇胺脱碳、压缩深冷、脱乙烷、丙烯精馏和变压吸附单元。为了合理利用丙烯精馏塔的能量,对丙烯精馏塔进行能量集成,采用变压吸附工艺回收氢气并对分离过程工艺参数进行灵敏度分析及优化工艺参数,以提高经济性和能效。模拟结果可得到符合要求的丙烯和氢气产品,单位产品能耗分别为267.46 kg标准油/t丙烯产品,474.44 kg标准油/t氢气产品。     

Treating Methanol‐to‐Olefin Quench Water by Minihydrocyclone Clarification and Steam Stripper Purification

In the chemical industry, methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) technology is a novel process for producing ethylene and propylene from naphtha thermal cracking. The process of recovering MTO quench water by minihydrocyclone and steam stripping treatment was successfully applied in industrial plants. The fine catalyst in the quench water is removed by the two‐stage minihydrocyclone separation. The method and equipment for this system present various advantages: the quench water can be recycled in the cooling system and prevents heat loss in heat transfer systems; and the stripping tower can be blocked by the catalyst. Maintenance activities are reduced and a stable operation cycle is extended. The proposed treatment process improves the economic efficiency of the MTO device.     

基于多目标优化精馏系统综述

综述了精馏系统中多目标的优化问题,分析列举了人工神经网络、正交设计、响应面、遗传算法和粒子群算法在精馏系统多目标优化中的应用,旨在总结精馏系统中的优化算法,寻求最优操作条件的解法,为精馏塔的多目标优化提供参考。结果表明,针对于目前精馏系统的复杂多变性及混合规划问题,这些算法可以很好地对精馏系统进行建模,预测精馏模型,预测值与模拟值拟合较好,有较高的精度。且可用于求解精馏过程中的最优操作条件,降低系统的不可逆性,实现了精馏系统的节能优化,提高了产品质量,降低了能耗。最后指出了多目标优化精馏系统方法的可行性,也表明在实际生产中将多种优化算法相结合进行多步优化的可行性。     

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的乙烯裂解炉操作优化

现有的乙烯裂解炉优化通常只针对两个目标函数即产物乙烯和丙烯的收率,并且采用遗传算法的收敛效果一般,故提出一种基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法来研究一个多目标运行的解决方案,以此来解决乙烯裂解炉的固定周期操作优化问题,即在增大产物乙烯和丙烯收率的同时减少原料以及蒸汽流量来提高整体运行状况。把具体问题量化为数学模型,分析了原料气烃比、原料流量、出口温度对乙烯和丙烯收率的影响。实验结果表明,相较于原有操作条件,提出的优化方案具有良好的可行性。     

煤制烯烃企业全厂能量系统优化策略及应用

为了实现煤制烯烃企业全厂能量系统优化,提出了煤制烯烃企业全厂能量系统基于单元、子系统和全局划分的渐进协同优化策略,包括全厂用能状况分析、工艺装置用能及换热网络优化、低品位热回收和优化利用、全厂蒸汽动力系统优化等步骤。应用上述优化策略,对某60万t/a煤制烯烃企业全厂能量系统优化进行研究,得到全厂各单元能耗分布,提出了甲醇合成和甲醇制烯烃单元换热网络优化、全厂蒸汽动力系统降低蒸汽减温减压量及低品位热合理匹配利用等节能方案,理论上可以提高全厂系统能效3%以上,年节约标煤10万t以上,投资回收期小于1 a。     

A study of Cu(I)‐ethylene complexation for olefin–paraffin separation

The current cryogenic distillation technology used for olefin–paraffin separation incurs extensive capital and operating costs. An alternative olefin–paraffin separation process, based on reactive absorption, could yield significant cost reductions. The research efforts described herein explored the structural characteristics of an NMP‐CuCl‐aniline absorption solution with ethylene to aid future development of olefin–paraffin separation systems. Solution IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy suggested weak and labile Cu(I)‐ethylene and Cu(I)‐aniline coordination, which point to the coexistence of multiple structures in solution. Experiments also revealed solvent‐dependent and temperature‐dependent coordination. The agreement of the collected spectral data with literature implied single ethylene coordination, whereas the Cl^? ion likely remained coordinated with Cu(I). Solvent interference prohibited detailed investigation of IR spectra, but ¹H NMR spectroscopy showed more promise as an analytical technique for the NMP‐CuCl‐aniline‐ethylene system. Finally, a tradeoff appears to exist between ethylene capacity and complex stability, and thus, an optimal ligand must be found that balances these two competing needs. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

气体分馏系统的节能降耗

针对气体分馏系统回流比偏大、操作压力偏高、压力波动大和分离纯度高、装置能耗居高、装置效益差等现状,利用石油化工流程模拟软件PRO/Ⅱ对气体分馏流程进行模拟计算.在满足产品质量要求(摩尔分数为99.5％)的前提下,探讨了压力、进料位置、回流比等参数对装置操作、能耗的影响,确定了丙烯损失的部位和原因,建立了装置操作的最佳工...     

炼焦生产过程质量产量能耗的集成优化控制

针对炼焦生产过程强非线性、大时滞等特点,基于过程参数的主元分析和灰色关联分析,建立了焦炭质量、产量及焦炉能耗的神经网络预测模型和以焦炭质量为约束条件,产量、能耗为目标函数的优化控制模型。提出一种融合模糊C均值聚类粗优化和差分进化细优化的集成优化控制方法,进行过程参数的优化并给出操作优化指导。系统仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地抑制工况的波动,达到高产、优质、低耗的生产目标,为复杂工业过程的建模和优化控制提供了一种新思路。