一种新的特征提取方法及其在模式识别中的应用

核典型相关分析(KCCA)是一种有监督的机器学习方法,可以有效地提取非线性特征。然而随着训练样本数目的增加,标准的KCCA方法的计算复杂度会随之增加。针对此缺点,提出一种改进的KCCA方法：首先用几何特征选择方法选择一个训练样本子集并将其映射到再生核希尔伯特空间(RKHS),然后设计了一种提升特征提取效率的算法,该算法按照对特征分类贡献的大小巧妙地选取样本的特征值,进而求出其相应的特征向量,最后将改进的KCCA与支持向量数据描述(SVDD)多分类器相结合用于分类识别。在ORL人脸图像数据库上的实验结果表明,改进的方法相对传统的KCCA方法,在不影响识别率的情况下提高了人脸识别速度,减小了系统存储量。     

旋转均值跳动特征及其在模糊人脸识别中的应用

针对目前监控摄像头由于远距离拍摄导致模糊人脸识别率欠佳的问题,提出了具有"有序"全局结构性特征的旋转均值跳动特征提取算法。该算法在图像每条垂线上按照从上至下的顺序等分选择若干采样点,运用均值跳动的方法进行编码,计算每条垂线上所有值不为0的像素的平均值,按顺序将选取的若干采样点像素值和平均值进行比较,并依次编码,生成1个8位二进制数,其对应十进制值的范围与像素值范围相同,该十进制数为整条垂线上的特征值,从而提取出描述每条垂线的纹理特征信息。结合图像预处理和直方图归一化实现对纹理图像融合特征信息提取。实验结果表明,该算法相比深度学习在模糊人脸识别方面有了明显提升。     

A novel feature selection method and its application

In this paper, a novel feature selection method based on rough sets and mutual information is proposed. The dependency of each feature guides the selection, and mutual information is employed to reduce the features which do not favor addition of dependency significantly. So the dependency of the subset found by our method reaches maximum with small number of features. Since our method evaluates both definitive relevance and uncertain relevance by a combined selection criterion of dependency and class-based distance metric, the feature subset is more relevant than other rough sets based methods. As a result, the subset is near optimal solution. In order to verify the contribution, eight different classification applications are employed. Our method is also employed on a real Alzheimer’s disease dataset, and finds a feature subset where classification accuracy arrives at 81.3 %. Those present results verify the contribution of our method.     

脑电信号的小波变换和样本熵特征提取方法

针对现有的采用单一的特征提取算法对运动想象脑电信号识别率不高的问题,提出一种结合小波变换和样本熵的特征提取方法.通过小波变换,把脑电信号进行3层分解,抽取出对应于脑电β节律频带的小波系数的能量均值和能量均值差,并结合脑电信号的样本熵组成特征向量,使用支持向量机分类器对左右手运动想象脑电信号进行分类.结果表明,结合小波变换和样本熵的特征提取方法明显优于仅采用小波变换、样本熵以及其他传统的特征提取方法,得到的最高正确识别率为91.43%.     

基于快速提升小波变换的语音特征提取方法

为提高语音识别系统对环境噪声的鲁棒性,在快速提升小波的基础上,结合感知频域上的滤波与倒谱均值归一化技术,提出一种语音特征参数提取方法．仿真实验表明,与传统方法相比,噪声鲁棒性显著提高;在语音信号的信噪比相近情况下,与传统小波方法相比,该方法计算简便、易于编程、计算速度快．     

A new LDA-KL combined method for feature extraction and its generalisation

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a well-known feature extraction technique. In this paper, we point out that LDA is not perfect because it only utilises the discriminatory information existing in the first-order statistical moments and ignores the information contained in the second-order statistical moments. We enhance LDA using the idea of a K-L expansion technique and develop a new LDA-KL combined method, which can make full use of both sections of discriminatory information. The proposed method is tested on the Concordia University CENPARMI handwritten numeral database. The experimental results indicate that the proposed LDA-KL method is more powerful than the existing techniques of LDA, K-L expansion and their combination: OLDA-PCA. What is more, the proposed method is further generalised to suit for feature extraction in the complex feature space and can be an effective tool for feature fusion.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Heuristic feature extraction method for BCI with harmony search and discrete wavelet transform

For the brain-computer interface system (BCI), pre-processing has an important role to ensure system performance. However, the speech recognition system using electroencephalogram (EEG) is weak against temporal effects. Therefore, in general cases, wavelet transform has been used to cope with the temporal effects and non-stationary characteristic of EEG. The discrete version of wavelet transform, called DWT, requires a filter of the system for use in downsampling the signal. In other words, it is important to determine the suitable type of filter. In many cases, it is difficult to find an adequate filter for DWT because of differences in the characteristics of the input signal. In this paper, we proposed a heuristic approach to finding the optimal filter of the system for EEG signals. The harmony search algorithm (HSA) was used for finding of the optimal filter. In the learning process with the EEG system, the optimal wavelet filter could be found, which is automatically designed for subject personality.     

MRCCA: A novel CCA based method and its application in feature extraction and fusion for matrix data

Multiset features extracted from the same pattern usually represent different characteristics of data, meanwhile, matrices or 2-order tensors are common forms of data in real applications. Hence, how to extract multiset features from matrix data is an important research topic for pattern recognition. In this paper, by analyzing the relationship between CCA and 2D-CCA, a novel feature extraction method called multiple rank canonical correlation analysis (MRCCA) is proposed, which is an extension of 2D-CCA. Different from CCA and 2D-CCA, in MRCCA k pairs left transforms and k pairs right transforms are sought to maximize correlation. Besides, the multiset version of MRCCA termed as multiple rank multiset canonical correlation analysis (MRMCCA) is also developed. Experimental results on five real-world data sets demonstrate the viability of the formulation, they also show that the recognition rate of our method is higher than other methods and the computing time is competitive.     

A wavelet based multiresolution algorithm for rotation invariant feature extraction

The present work aims at proposing a new wavelet representation formula for rotation invariant feature extraction. The algorithm is a multilevel representation formula involving no wavelet decomposition in standard sense. Using the radial symmetry property, that comes inherently in the new representation formula, we generate the feature vectors that are shown to be rotation invariant. We show that, using a hybrid data mining technique, the algorithm can be used for rotation invariant content based image retrieval (CBIR). The proposed rotation invariant retrieval algorithm, suitable for both texture and nontexture images, avoids missing any relevant images but may retrieve some other images which are not very relevant. We show that the higher precision can however be achieved by pruning out irrelevant images.     

基于耳蜗基底膜特性的语音特征提取方法及在智能轮椅上的应用

从人耳听觉特性出发,对能模拟耳蜗基底膜滤波特性的伽马通滤波器组进行了研究、修正,并以修正的滤波器组为基础,提出了一种基于耳蜗基底膜特性的GT-ERBCC(equivalent rectangular bandwidth cepstrum coeffi-cient based on GammaTone filters)语音特征提取方法。该方法能准确地表征出语音信号的特征,降低语音识别系统的难度,并将该方法应用于智能轮椅人机交互实验中。结果表明,基于耳蜗基底膜特性的特征提取方法能有效提高语音识别系统的识别率。     

区域加权信息熵及其在图像特征提取中的应用

图像特征提取是当前基于内容图像检索领域的研究重点,然而单纯基于信息熵的图像特征提取方法无法体现图像内容的位置信息.分析现有的基于颜色-空间图像特征提取算法的基础上,结合图像信息熵概念与图像分割算法,提出了一种新的图像信息熵描述方法,即区域加权信息熵,并证明了区域加权信息熵的若干性质.采用信息熵性能评价指标从概率的角度描述因权值变化而引起的图像信息熵分布的变化,并考虑应用的兴趣区域以及权值粒度从而确定合理权值.实验表明区域加权信息熵方法比单纯信息熵方法描述图像内容准确率提高了50%以上.     

ECG waveform feature extraction and its application to automated prognosis

Automated correlation of ECG history for early detection of heart disease, especially among the young, has been a matter of increasing interest. However, each electrocardiogram, recorded say a few months apart, generates anywhere from 600 to 2400 digitized data, so that statistical methods cannot directly be applied. An information compression step suitable for such data is presented in this paper and a prediction procedure is developed for forecasting the waveform changes. Specifically, each ECG lead is digitized and represented by itsz-domain modes. These modes are found to exhibit continuity in time, from month to month and year to year, except in the event of major physiological changes such as after surgery, thus lending themselves ideally to statistic al prediction. To enhance discrimination of the subtle changes inP, QRS, andT complexes, the derivatives of the waves are employed for extraction of the modes. This signifies a departure from previous efforts in ECG representation. Indeed, otherwise, important changes in the waves can remain undetected through mode extraction while the human eye can perceive them rather easily from the recorded traces.     

一种煤岩图像特征提取与识别方法

提出了一种基于二进制十字对角纹理矩阵的煤岩图像特征提取与识别方法。该方法首先提取煤岩图像的二进制十字对角纹理矩阵,然后利用二进制十字对角纹理矩阵的角二阶矩能量、相关性、方差、逆差矩、熵、和熵、差熵、和均值、对比度、惯性矩及相关信息测度构造煤岩图像的特征向量,最后结合稀疏表示进行煤岩图像分类识别。实验结果表明,与基于十字对角纹理矩阵的图像特征提取与识别方法相比,该方法具有更好的煤岩识别效果,平均识别率达94.38%,且单幅图像特征提取时间大幅降低,提高了煤岩识别的实时性。     

基于小波变换和信息熵的掌纹特征提取方法

本文将小波图像分解和信息熵特征提取相结合,提出一种新的掌纹特征提取算法。该算法首先对掌纹灰度图像进行二雏小波分解,再利用多分辨信息熵分别计算不同尺度下的能谱熵作为特征向量,从而实现掌纹特征提取。该算法不但避免了图像增强和纹理细化等预处理过程,而且运用多分辨信息熵的自适应计算方法来调节分解级数,使得到的特征向量长度远小于传统算法。     

基于小波变换的图像纹理特征提取技术

纹理是一种区域特征,是对于图像各像元之间的空间分布的一种描述.由于纹理能充分利用图像信息,无论从理论上或常识上出发它都显然应该成为描述与识别图像的重要依据,同时与其它图像特征相比,它似乎能更好地兼顾图像宏观性质与细微结构两个方面,因此纹理分析成为图像分析的重要手段.它被广泛的应用于气象云图分析、卫星遥感图像分析、机器人视觉、工业监控、场景分析、辅助医疗、生物组织和细胞的显微镜照片分析和军事目标分析等诸多领域.     

Facial feature extraction using complex dual-tree wavelet transform

In this paper, we propose a novel method for facial feature extraction using the directional multiresolution decomposition offered by the complex wavelet transform. The dual-tree implementation of complex wavelet transform offered by Selesnick is used (DT-DWT(S)) [I.W., Selesnick, R.G. Baraniuk, N.C. Kingsbury, The dual-tree complex wavelet transform, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 6, s.l., IEEE, November 2005, vol. 22, pp. 123–151.]. In the dual-tree implementation, two parallel discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with different lowpass and highpass filters in different scales are used. The linear combination of subbands generated by two parallel DWT is used to generate 6 different directional subbands with complex coefficients. A test statistic, which is derived with absolute value of complex coefficient, whose distribution matches very closely with the directional information in the 6 subbands of the DT-DWT(S) is derived and used for detecting facial feature edges. The use of the complex wavelet transform is motivated by the fact that it helps eliminate the effects of non-uniform illumination, and the directional information provided by the different subbands makes it possible to detect edge features with different directionalities in the corresponding image. Edge information of facial area is enhanced using multiresolution structure of DT-DWT(S). The proposed method also employs an adaptive skin colour model instead of a predefined skin colour statistic. The model is developed with a unimodal Gaussian distribution using the skin region which is extracted excluding the detected edge map obtained from the DT-DWT(S). By combining the edge information obtained by using DT-DWT(S) and the non-skin areas obtained from the pixel statistics, the facial features are extracted. The algorithm is tested over the well known Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Marks Weber face databases. The average detection rate of the proposed method using DT-DWT(S) provides up to 9.6% improvement over the same method using discrete wavelet transform (DWT).     

An improved SOM algorithm and its application to color feature extraction

Reducing the redundancy of dominant color features in an image and meanwhile preserving the diversity and quality of extracted colors is of importance in many applications such as image analysis and compression. This paper presents an improved self-organization map (SOM) algorithm namely MFD-SOM and its application to color feature extraction from images. Different from the winner-take-all competitive principle held by conventional SOM algorithms, MFD-SOM prevents, to a certain degree, features of non-principal components in the training data from being weakened or lost in the learning process, which is conductive to preserving the diversity of extracted features. Besides, MFD-SOM adopts a new way to update weight vectors of neurons, which helps to reduce the redundancy in features extracted from the principal components. In addition, we apply a linear neighborhood function in the proposed algorithm aiming to improve its performance on color feature extraction. Experimental results of feature extraction on artificial datasets and benchmark image datasets demonstrate the characteristics of the MFD-SOM algorithm.     

基于提升小波的管道安全系统信号特征提取方法

研究了一种基于提升小波并用于管道泄漏检测和预警系统的信号特征快速提取方法.该预警系统基于Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉仪原理,沿管道同沟敷设一条光缆,实时监测管道沿途发生的泄漏及其他异常事件.通过基于提升小波的信号特征提取方法对管道沿线异常事件引起的振动信号进行特征提取和辨别.利用现场实验得到的信号对该方法进行验证,结果表明:该方法不仅可有效提取检测信号特征,还相对于基于传统小波的类似方法节省了计算时间.