ZnO薄膜非线性光学特性的实验研究

利用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术在蓝宝石衬底上生长一层高质量的ZnO薄膜。为了考察沉积温度对样品的非线性特性的影响,在200~500 ℃生长了一系列ZnO薄膜。用X射线衍射谱(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)对样品结构进行了评价。以Nd:YAG激光器输出的1.06 μm的激光为基频光,对ZnO薄膜样品的二阶及三阶非线性光学特性进行了实验研究。实验发现,对于250 ℃沉积温度的样品有较强的非线性效应,实验测得的二阶非线性极化张量 χ ⁽²⁾_ZZZ=9.2 pm/V, 三阶有效非线性系数χ⁽³⁾=5.28×10^－20 m²/V²。     

超薄铍膜漏率的测量

本实验采用质谱计比较法,并通过前置检漏提高检漏灵敏度的手段,在专门设计的实验装置土,对用于北京正负电子对撞机同步辐射X-射线光刻光束线上超薄铍膜（d=18μm）进行了漏率测量。计算表明漏率为10^-5Pa·m³/s量级,与国外进口铍膜试验报告上所给出的漏率数据一致。     

高平均功率腔内和频蓝光Nd:YAG激光器

高平均功率蓝光激光是当前固体激光技术研究热点之一。尽管通过Nd³⁺的⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2态谱线倍频可获得瓦级蓝光输出,然而其准三能级物理特性严重限制其更高功率输出。研究了Nd³⁺离子⁴F_3/2→⁴I_13/2态1.3 μm谱线腔内三倍频产生高平均功率蓝光激光,获得4.3 W蓝光激光输出,重复频率3.5 kHz,脉冲宽度150±10 ns,光束质量M²因子约为5±1。研究表明:Nd∶YAG晶体1.3 μm多谱线振荡是制约实验结果的重要因素,若克服多谱线振荡问题,有望获得10 W级蓝光激光输出。     

同步辐射X射线双晶单色仪能量扫描

晶体单色仪是X射线光束线上的关键设备,它用晶体作为色散元件,衍射、分离具有连续光谱的同步辐射,向用户提供一定带宽的X射线单色光.在合肥同步辐射装置上的晶体单色仪,使用两块Si(111)晶体,按(⁺n,^-n)无色散排列,通过一台专门研制的L型联动装置,仅一维简单的Bragg角转动,便可保证在动态能量扫描过程中,两晶体衍射面始终平行,且输出的单色光束与入射光束的相对位置不变.本文重点讨论的是用于合肥晶体单色仪上的能量扫描装置.     

光学玻璃的折射率测定

本文介绍测定光学玻璃的折射率用的两种仪器的设计。制造光学玻璃的生产单位必需有两种测定折射率的方法。这些方法是:(1)给出折射率的精度为±1×10^-5的快速和精确的方法,和(2)能得到±1×10^-6的较精确的系统。介绍的第一种方法是光电 V 块系统,而第二种是利用电子条纹计数的双光束干涉系统。     

高精度光谱辐射计测量超低光谱透过率

设计并研制了一种基于光栅双单色仪的高精度全自动单光束光谱辐射计。该仪器主要由高稳定氙灯、带有快门的单光阑屏、石英透镜、中性减光片、紫外光栅双单色仪、光电探测器及电控系统组成,测量光谱范围为200~400 nm, 可以实现10^-6~10^-8量级光谱透过率高精度测量,测量过程由自行编制的计算机软件进行自动控制,能实现全自动单光束测量。给出了该仪器的测量原理、测量方法及数据处理方法。利用该仪器测量了紫外滤光片样品的光谱透过率,分析了测量不确定度。实验结果表明,该仪器测量精度高、速度快、测量合成标准不确定度＜3.16×10^-3,完全满足测量精度要求,可应用于对精度要求高的紫外滤光片光谱透过率的测量。     

方酸衍生物的三阶非线性光学特性

采用波长为800 nm、脉宽为50 fs的激光系统,运用双光束前向简并四波混频技术(DFWM)研究了两种方酸衍生物的三阶非线性光学特性,并探讨了它们的非线性形成机制。实验测得所研究的两种方酸衍生物的分子超极化率γ值均为~10^-31 esu,其非线性光学响应时间小于激光脉宽(50 fs)。因而,所研究的方酸衍生物有较大的三阶非线性光学性质和较快的光学响应,在光学器件中具有潜在的应用价值。     

软X射线光学技术的某些进展

本文主要介绍软X射线等离子体光源、多层膜软X射线反射镜和软X射线显微镜。高强度的实验室用软X射线等离子体光源较之同步辐射具有体积小、造价低、光束大和单位脉冲光通量高等优点。最近发展的多层镀膜用于软X射线正入射光学元件,可以得到比掠入射光学元件好得多的分辨率。软X射线显微镜提供了生物样品分析的一种新工具,它填补了常用的光学显微镜和电子显微镜之间的空隙。     

红外分光计:液氦冷却火箭运载圆形渐变泸光器

这里密述ICECAP极光测量计划所用一种红外分光计、从高度45公里到200公里的火箭上取得大气发射光谱,这仪器连续扫描6.75—23.2微米光谱区,扫速为2次扫描/秒,仪器使用一个圆形渐变滤光器(CVF),光谱分辨率从3%到4%.全部光学组件、矽砷探测器、CVF、Irtran6透镜、挡壳、可卸的冷却罩装在一个高真空杜瓦瓶系统内冷却到10k以下,分光计在22微米处噪音等效光谱辐射(NESR)优于1×10^-1(W厘米^-2球面度^-1微米^-1).两次火箭飞行观察到高空大气发射占优势的是9.6—微米O₃和15微米CO₂.     

基于轴棱锥用主被动方式产生短脉冲高功率近似无衍射光

利用轴棱锥构成的Bessel-Gauss谐振腔,首次由灯泵Nd:YAG调Q激光器主动式直接输出纳秒高功率近似无衍射Bessel-Gauss光脉冲。应用衍射理论给出的Bessel-Gauss场分布模型对结果进行分析,数值模拟和实验结果基本吻合。同时利用带抗共振环(ARR)的Nd:YAG调Q激光器输出的高稳定纳秒高斯脉冲,通过Axicon的光束整形,由被动方式获得近似理想的纳秒无衍射零阶Bessel光。利用胶片扫描法记录了光强分布的精细结构,测定得出无衍射光的中心光斑半径约为90μm,峰值功率密度高达2.3×10⁹ W/cm²。分析比较了主动和被动方式产生纳秒无衍射光的特性和优缺点。     

上海光源真空紫外角分辨光电子能谱束线设计

在上海光源上设计了一条光子能量覆盖5~140 eV的高通量、高分辨的真空紫外角分辨光电子能谱束线。本光束线采用准周期椭圆偏振波荡器光源,其周期长度为0.32 m,周期数为14。单色仪采用Dragon型,分为覆盖5~32 eV的低能分支和25~140 eV的高能分支。计算表明,当入射/出射狭缝开启宽度为5/5 μm时,在整个能量扫描范围内,单色仪分辨率可以高达15 000~100 000,光学元件的面型误差对分辨率的影响最大。通量计算显示,样品处s偏振光子通量高达~10¹² phs/s。Shadow追迹模拟结果表明,设计的光束线具有很好的聚焦特性。     

Elemental and magnetic sensitive imaging using x-ray excited luminescence microscopy

We demonstrate the potential of x-ray excited luminescence microscopy for full-field elemental and magnetic sensitive imaging using a commercially available optical microscope, mounted on preexisting synchrotron radiation (SR) beamline end stations. The principal components of the instrument will be described. Bench top measurements indicate that a resolution of 1 μm or better is possible; this value was degraded in practice due to vibrations and∕or drift in the end station and associated manipulator. X-ray energy dependent measurements performed on model solar cell materials and lithographically patterned magnetic thin film structures reveal clear elemental and magnetic signatures. The merits of the apparatus will be discussed in terms of conventional SR imaging techniques.     

An ultrahigh vacuum system for in situ studies of thin films and nanostructures by nuclear resonance scattering of synchrotron radiation

A multifunctional ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system has been set up at the nuclear resonance beamline ID18 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). Thin and ultrathin films, nanoislands and -wires, multilayers, and stoichiometric oxides can be prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by low-energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Upon characterization the sample is transferred under UHV conditions to the chamber for experiments with the synchrotron beam. Electronic and magnetic properties, vibrational dynamics, and diffusion phenomena can be investigated by several synchrotron radiation based techniques, such as nuclear forward scattering, nuclear inelastic and quasielastic scattering, synchrotron radiation based perturbed angular correlations, and nuclear and electronic reflectivity. In addition, two portable UHV chambers serve to transfer the sample to other beamlines profiting from the available experimental techniques at the ESRF.     

X-ray grating interferometer for materials-science imaging at a low-coherent wiggler source

X-ray phase-contrast radiography and tomography enable to increase contrast for weakly absorbing materials. Recently, x-ray grating interferometers were developed that extend the possibility of phase-contrast imaging from highly brilliant radiation sources like third-generation synchrotron sources to non-coherent conventional x-ray tube sources. Here, we present the first installation of a three grating x-ray interferometer at a low-coherence wiggler source at the beamline W2 (HARWI II) operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht at the second-generation synchrotron storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg, Germany). Using this type of the wiggler insertion device with a millimeter-sized source allows monochromatic phase-contrast imaging of centimeter sized objects with high photon flux. Thus, biological and materials-science imaging applications can highly profit from this imaging modality. The specially designed grating interferometer currently works in the photon energy range from 22 to 30 keV, and the range will be increased by using adapted x-ray optical gratings. Our results of an energy-dependent visibility measurement in comparison to corresponding simulations demonstrate the performance of the new setup.     

高分辨率X射线衍射光学元件

评述了BESSY研制的用于X射线聚焦的各种衍射光学元件。基于布拉格-菲涅耳光学元件,设计了高效高分辨率X射线聚焦和色散光学元件。描述了对长焦距布拉格-菲涅耳透镜与可变曲率半径反射镜组合所做的实验研究。用一块反射菲涅耳波带板作聚焦和色散光学元件进行了短脉冲X射线吸收谱(XAS)的测量。     

窄光谱带宽X射线刻蚀多层膜光栅

结合X射线荧光分析和同步辐射单色器对窄光谱带宽多层膜的需求,开展了窄光谱带宽刻蚀多层膜光栅的理论和实验研究.用平均密度法从理论上阐明将多层膜刻蚀成不同刻蚀比的多层膜光栅后,光谱分辨率将得到提高.用磁控溅射方法制备了W/C多层膜,并用常规的光刻工艺对其进行刻蚀,得到了刻蚀后的多层膜光栅.掠入射X射线衍射测量表明,刻蚀后多层膜的衍射峰位置向小角方向移动,多层膜光栅没有改变剩余多层膜的结构,而且带宽减小,光谱分辨率得到提高,说明实验采用的工艺方法和工艺路线可以满足制作窄光谱带宽刻蚀多层膜光栅的要求,为今后进一步研究实用化元件打下了基础.     

A new large radius imaging plate camera for high-resolution and high-throughput synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction by multiexposure method

A new large radius imaging plate diffraction camera for high-resolution and high-throughput synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction by means of multiple exposures has been developed for an insertion device beamline of SPring-8, Japan. The new imaging plate camera consists of a large radius cylindrical shape imaging plate cassette that is 400 mm in length and 954.9 mm in cylinder radius. The cassette is designed to be mounted on the 2 theta arm of the diffractometer of BL15XU in SPring-8. One imaging plate covers 24 degrees and several times of exposure changing the 2 theta-setting angle is necessary to obtain whole powder diffraction data up to a high angle region. One pixel of the imaging plate corresponds to 0.003 degrees in 2 theta when the readout pixel size is 50 microm squares. Separately collected data are translated to 2 theta-intensity format and are connected by comparing the peak and background intensity included in the overlapped area. The exposure time is less than 120 s for most samples and the readout time is about 3 min; thus, the total measurement time for one powder diffraction pattern is less than 20 min. The measurement time is the same order as the continuous 2 theta-scanning method of the third generation synchrotron powder diffractometer. The angular resolution of the new imaging plate camera was evaluated by comparing the full width at half maximum of the 111 reflection of NBS-Si. The observed angular resolution is not so high as a powder diffractometer with a Si or a Ge analyzer monochromator in the third generation synchrotron facility but higher than a powder diffractometer with a Ge analyzer monochromator at a bending magnet beamline of the second generation synchrotron. The Rietveld analysis of NBS-CeO2 was successfully carried out with the data taken by the new imaging plate camera.     

Multipurpose modular experimental station for the DiProI beamline of Fermi@Elettra free electron laser

We present a compact modular apparatus with a flexible design that will be operated at the DiProI beamline of the Fermi@Elettra free electron laser (FEL) for performing static and time-resolved coherent diffraction imaging experiments, taking advantage of the full coherence and variable polarization of the short seeded FEL pulses. The apparatus has been assembled and the potential of the experimental setup is demonstrated by commissioning tests with coherent synchrotron radiation. This multipurpose experimental station will be open to general users after installation at the Fermi@Elettra free electron laser in 2011.     

长春光机所软X射线成像望远镜和同步辐射光束线研制技术的发展现状

本文概述了我所12年(1978～1990)来在软X射线成像望远镜和同步辐射光束线以及短波段光学中有关单元技术研究的发展现状。指出了限制软X射线光学技术发展的主要问题,提出发展软X射线成像和同步辐射反射光学技术应开展的主要研究工作。