脉冲电解处理工业污水技术

本文着重阐明脉冲电解工业污水的电化学原理和技术优点,简要介绍了脉冲电解污水设备结构特点和设计原则,举例说明脉冲电解印染污水的技术经济特性,最后提出了脉冲电解设备现存问题与努力方向。     

铝周期换向脉冲电解着色

研究了周期换向脉冲电源的工作比、频率等对铝电解着色的影响，并对着色效果进行了评价，采用周期换向脉冲电源进行电解着色优于交流电解着色。     

脉冲电解处理废水的研究进展

脉冲电解是一种新兴的电化学处理废水的方法 ,它突破了传统电凝聚处理废水能耗较大的局限性 ,可以有效地降低能耗 ,大幅度提高废水的处理效率。本文综述了国内外脉冲电解的最新理论、试验研究及应用进展。     

脉冲电解制备高纯铜的扩大试验

选用芜湖冶炼厂的阳极铜，在实验室的中型电解槽内研究脉冲电解制备高纯铜的工艺条件。结果表明，电解温度为30℃时，较适宜的脉冲电解参数为：平均电流密度im=650A/m^2,脉冲宽度ton=6ms，占空比ton:toff=1:1)。经ICP测试表明每克电解铜中杂质As、Sb、Bi、Ni总含量低于10μg。     

脉冲电解法制备金属镍的工艺研究

研究了高电流密度下影响脉冲电解制备镍的因素,得到最佳工艺条件为:电解液中支持电解质硫酸氨用量为35～45g·L-1,阴阳极的极间距范围在4～6cm之间,添加剂用量:氯离子3.0mg·L-1,尿素0.25mg·L-1,甘油0.5mg·L-1.并采用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜对电解产品的粒度分布、粒径和形貌特征进行观察和分析...     

脉冲电解处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液研究

通过脉冲电解垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液,解决其化学需氧量(COD)含量高、可生化性差、含盐量高的问题。采用单因素法通过控制脉冲峰值电压、时间、pH、脉冲频率选取最适反应条件,并通过三维荧光光谱来分析残留物。脉冲电解处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的最适反应条件为脉冲峰值电压为10 V、电解时间为60min、原液p H值为5、脉冲频率为5 000 Hz, COD去除率为42.4%。通过分析三维荧光光谱发现垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液经过电解污染物可见区类腐殖酸荧光峰降低,但反应结束后仍有部分可见区类腐殖酸残留。     

IrO2-RUO2/Ti电极处理含氰含银电镀废水

采用热氧化分解法制备了IrO2-RuO2/Ti电极,用X射线衍射(xRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线能谱仪(EDS)对其进行表征,并考察其对脉冲电解含氰含银电镀废水中银离子的还原和氰化物分解的影响.结果表明:用热氧化分解法制备的IrO2-RuO2/Ti电极表面具有"泥裂"现象,其主要成分为IrO2,RuO2和TiO2.以IrO2-RuO2/Ti为阳极,不锈钢圆筒为阴极,在脉冲电压0.5 V,脉冲频率1200 Hz,占空比50%,曝气量1.0Lmin,电解液循环流速100mL/min和pH值10～11的条件下,常温电解4.0 h,发现IrO2-RuO2/Ti电极性能优于石墨电极、PbO2/Ti电极和不锈钢电极,在其作用下,废水中银离子的回收率达到99.66%,氰分解率达到91.63%.     

电解法生产硫酸亚锡工艺研究

研究了锡电解生产硫酸亚锡的过程，考察了电解电压，外冷却和电解液浓度等对电解过程的影响，提出了用反向脉冲充电来消除电极表面钝化现象，通过实验得到以下优化工艺条件：电解电压１．５Ｖ，电流密度５００Ａ／ｍ＾２，反向脉冲充电间隔０．５ｍｉｎ／４０ｍｉｎ，电解液ＳｎＳＯ４浓度１００ｇ／Ｌ。     

高频脉冲电解法降低香兰素废水COD

采用先进的高频脉冲电解技术,对香兰素制造过程产生的废水进行了电解处理实验。考察了槽电压、脉冲频率、脉冲占空比、电解时间、pH值以及无机盐质量分数对COD去除率的影响。在槽电压300V,脉冲频率16 1kHz,占空比50%,pH=7 6的条件下,电解1h,COD去除率可达到76 9%。     

电解加工技术研究现状

电解加工是一种以离子形式去除加工件表面材料的方式,使得该技术在微细加工领域具有先天的优势。各种新型电解加工方式的出现,解决了传统电解加工中的不足,在机械、电子、宇航等领域得到广泛应用。     

A novel method of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis using an ultra-short-pulse power supply

A novel method of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis using ultra-short-pulse power supply is demonstrated. The ultra-short power supply consists of a static induction thyristor (SIThy) and a specific circuit which is called the inductive energy storage (IES) circuit. It was found that by using an ultra-short pulse with the width of 300 ns, electrolysis takes place with a mechanism dominated by electron transfer, which is different from the conventional diffusion limiting process in DC electrolysis.     

Differential pulse voltammetry at microdisk electrodes

Expressions for reversible differential pulse (DP) voltammograms at microdisk electrodes were established from experimental results as a function of pulse electrolysis parameters. Three expressions were computed numerically, depending on the electrode radius and varying the pulse interval, τ. They were compared to theoretical and numerical expressions established previously in literature reports for macrodisk and microcylinder electrodes. The other aim of this work was to determine the minimum value of the pulse interval for which DP voltammograms observed at microdisk electrodes are not distorted. It appeared that no distortion is observed even at very short values of τ, meaning that microdisk electrodes are a good alternative to macroelectrodes in order to reduce time analysis in DPV. DP measurements were carried out at platinum electrodes for two reversible reactions: hexacyanoferrate (II) and iodide oxidation reaction.     

Niobium plating processes in alkali chloride melts

Niobium deposits were prepared from alkali chloride melts on nickel and AISI316 stainless steel substrates both by constant current and by pulse current methods. The influence of electrolysis conditions on the nature, morphology and purity of the deposits was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. No metallic niobium was obtained at temperatures below 500 C. At temperatures between 550 and 650 C, the deposits were dendritic and non-adherent, whereas pure niobium layers could be obtained at 750 C. Detailed analysis showed that a large negative overpotential during the pulse current period lead to the presence of suboxides, such as Nb₆O, in the metallic phase. Suitable electrolysis conditions gave pure oxygen-free niobium. Cross section analysis showed that on nickel a thin layer of niobium–nickel alloy such as NbNi₃, was formed at the metal interface. In contrast no alloys were detected at the niobium-stainless steel interface, where homogenous adherent layers of thickness around 50 m were obtained.     

脉冲电源电解处理含氰含银电镀废水

利用脉冲电源从含氰含银电镀废水中回收银和去除氰,对比了脉冲电源与直流电源对含氰镀银废水的处理效果,系统研究了脉冲电源的电解电压、占空比和脉冲频率等参数对电能消耗、银回收率和除氰率的影响。结果表明,脉冲电源较直流电源能更加有效降低阳极的超电位,减少电极的极化,从而降低槽电压,进而有效地降低电能消耗。脉冲电源的优化参数是：脉冲电压2.0 V,脉冲频率1200 Hz,占空比50%。在循环流速100 ml·min^-1,pH值10～11,曝气速率1.0 L·min^-1的实验条件下,通入电解电压2.0 V、脉冲频率1200 Hz以及占空比50%的脉冲电源,电解2.0 h后,银回收率高达99%,除氰率达到86%。     

膜电解法处理含镍废水

金属镍在电镀以及人造金刚石生产中有着广泛的应用．但会产生大量的污染。该试验在常规电解方法的基础上，采用膜电解法对某含镍废水的处理进行了研究，并对不同的膜组合方式的效果和优缺点进行对比。     

氯酸钠生产中电解电耗的影响因素及降低电耗的措施

论述了氯酸钠单极气提外循环电解技术的特点、电解机理及工艺流程;着重分析了氯酯钠生产中电解电耗的影响因素及如何通过采取降低槽电压和提高电流效率的措施以达到降低电解电耗的目的。     

氯气处理新工艺

论述了离子膜电解和隔膜电解两系统的氯气处理单元合并新工艺，指出了新工艺的特点，为即将要上离子膜电解新装置的氯碱厂家提供了新思路。