茶油的精制方法及应用

茶油具有“东方橄榄油”的美称,其物理化学性质与橄榄油相似,其脂肪酸组成和甘油三酯结构与橄榄油相同,还含有橄榄油所没有的特定生理活性物质如山茶苷、山茶皂苷、茶多酚等性质,具有丰富的营养价值和应用价值。本文主要介绍了茶油的精制方法、应用及其发展前景。     

开发茶油在化妆品中的应用

本文较为详细地介绍了茶油的特性，成分以及在化妆品中的应用和开发的意义。茶油系山茶科植物油茶（CamelliaoleiferaAbel）成熟的种子经加工提取而得的脂肪油，含油率达25～36％。常用压榨法加工提取，亦可用浸出法c用浸出法提取，得率较压榨法高7～8％质量亦较佳。一、质量规格精制的条油外观为淡黄色澄清透明的油状液体，具有条油固有的香味。不溶于水，易溶于乙醚、氯仿、苯、石油醚、二硫化碳、微溶于乙醇。其质量规格如下：企业标准（QJ／SYC02．01－92）二、化学组成茶油的脂肪酸组份与橄榄油特别相似，主要由油酸74－87％，亚油…     

茶籽油的精制方法研究进展

茶油具有“东方橄榄油”的美称,其物理化学性质与橄榄油相似。但我国目前的压榨工艺所产出的油达不到国家标准,故仍需精制。本文介绍了茶籽油两种精制方法,即传统的精制方法和采用分子蒸馏的精制方法,同时简介了茶籽油的理化特征、脂肪酸组成、质量标准及茶籽油的应用。     

山茶油在化妆品应用中的功效研究

山茶油是从山茶科山茶属的油茶种子榨取得到的脂肪油,是我国特有的木本油脂。山茶油中高含量的不饱和脂肪酸及其合理的理化性质,使其品质可与橄榄油相媲美。山茶油中还含有独特的茶多酚、山茶甙和山茶皂甙。山茶油中的这些有益的生物活性物质使其具有很好的抗氧化、防辐射、锁水保湿、抑菌、抗炎、滋养头发的功效。综述了山茶油的理化性质、护肤功效、提取精炼工艺,并展望了山茶油在化妆品行业中的开发应用前景,以期开拓我国山茶油资源在化妆品中的应用前景。     

一款茶油润肤霜的制备及性能评价

目的:以茶油为主要油相原料,制备一款茶油润肤霜。方法:单因素考察法对配方油相原料用量、乳化剂种类和乳化剂用量进行筛选,确定最佳基质配方。采用重量法和人体试用实验研究润肤霜保湿性能。结果:优化的茶油润肤霜的基质配方(质量百分比)为茶油7.00,橄榄油1.00,乳木果油2.00,蜂蜡3.00,水溶性霍霍巴油3.00,甘油单硬脂酸酯0.50,PEG-40氢化蓖麻油2.00,山梨醇7.00,卡波U20 0.30,三乙醇胺0.30,复合防腐剂0.20,香精0.10,水73.60。该润肤霜保湿效果较好。结论:本配方组成合理,制得茶油润肤霜感观良好,耐寒、耐热、离心实验和p H值符合国标规定。     

精制压榨茶油的研制

在中医药理论指导下,按中药炮制的原理和方法,采用特殊的工艺流程,对油茶籽压榨生产的茶油进行精制处理.卫生学检测报告显示,精制压榨茶油产品各项质量和卫生指标符合GB 11765-2003标准中成品质量指标和卫生要求.精制压榨茶油保持了茶油特有的天然组成,同时保证了茶油的贮存稳定性和热稳定性、透明度、营养价值及其它各项质量指标,不仅使茶油原有的优良品质得以充分发挥,而且使其医疗保健功能更加显著.     

近红外光谱法对茶油化学成分及快速鉴伪的研究

以茶油为研究对象,研究其脂肪酸、独特香气和不皂化物的组成和含量,形成其特征图谱,寻找原味油茶的特有规律,并初步运用近红外光谱法建立茶油品质的快速鉴别方法. 1)茶油化学成分的分析索式提取132种油茶籽,得到各品种的含油率;GC分析各茶油品种的脂肪酸组成.     

使用茶油制取液体洗涤剂增稠剂

茶油经精炼后,与甲醇反应合成茶油酸甲酯,经高、低温两步酰胺化合成高活性物含量,即酰胺含量(88％)的茶油酸二乙醇酰胺,产率达 99％。对其增稠,去污与稳泡性能进行测定,从而得出茶油酸二乙醇酰胺具有良好的增稠性和去污力,是椰子油酸二乙醇酰胺的良好代用品,且经济价值极高。     

DPPH法测定典型植物油的抗氧化活性

通过DPPH法测定了四种植物油(橄榄油、油茶籽油、菜籽油、大豆油)抗氧化、清除自由基能力,并与抗氧化剂VE进行比较。研究结果：橄榄油抗氧化性最强,其次分别为油茶籽油,大豆油,最弱的是菜籽油。1 g VE所具有的抗氧化能力分别相当于140.01 g橄榄油、157.73 g油茶籽油、297.08 g大豆油、382.44 g菜籽油的抗氧化能力。研究表明：DPPH法可以用于橄榄油、油茶籽油、大豆油、菜籽油的抗氧化能力的测定,并能很好地反映出四种植物油与抗氧化剂对照物之间的抗氧化差别,为其综合应用提供科学依据。     

纳米SiO2/明胶茶油微胶囊的制备及性能

为改善茶油微胶囊的稳定性,以活化的纳米SiO2、明胶和酪蛋白酸钠为壁材,玉米糖浆为填充剂,单甘酯为乳化剂,茶油为芯材,通过喷雾干燥法制备了茶油微胶囊.考察了纳米SiO2添加量(以明胶质量计,下同)对茶油微胶囊理化性能、热稳定性、表观形态和贮藏稳定性的影响.结果表明,纳米SiO2添加量对制备的茶油微胶囊的含水率和吸水率没有明显影响.当纳米SiO2添加量为3％时,茶油微胶囊的综合性能最佳,平均粒径为(30.55±0.36)μm,包埋率为92.58％,熔融温度171.05℃,平均粒径比未添加纳米SiO2的茶油微胶囊(空白样)减少了7.37％,包埋率和熔融温度分别比空白样增加了4.80％和17.83％.该茶油微胶囊表面形态饱满,多孔结构减弱,具有良好的热稳定性和氧化稳定性.在不同条件下贮藏35 d后过氧化值均最低,50℃时的过氧化值为15.98 mmol/kg,比空白样降低13.14％.氧化动力学研究结果表明,茶油微胶囊适用于一级反应.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。