米糠油及其副产物的工业利用

本文介绍了米糠油及其副产物在化工工业中的广泛应用。以米糠油及其副产物为原料,开展综合利用,可以制得氢化米糠油,环氧米糠油,脂肪酸,脂肪酸甲酯,谷维素,植酸等等一系列产品。这些产品的开发应用,具有较大的实用价值和经济效益,对米糠油的发展具有一定意义。     

环氧米糠油的合成研究

环氧米糠油是一种无毒增塑剂兼稳定剂,本研究由米糠油不经酯交换在冰醋酸、硫酸、双氧水作用下进行环氧化,一步法合成环氧米糠油,产品得率为精糠油的97.5％,碘值为5.62(gl_2/100g样),环氧值11.6％(g环氧基/100g样)。     

环氧米糠油的生产技术

环氧米糠油同环氧大豆油、环氧脂肪酸辛酯等环氧化合物类似,是聚氯乙烯,氯丁橡胶等合成材料的增塑剂兼热稳定剂。它无毒,有优良的光热稳定性、耐水性,挥发性低,与树脂和橡胶的相溶性好,迁移性少,能改善制品的耐老化性能。本世纪初,国外就对该产品进行过研究,1934年第一套工业化装置投入生产。六十年代,国内一些科     

环氧米糠油的研制

本文报导了环氧米糠油的制备。采用无溶剂,一步就地环氧化的方法,即在不同催化剂和稳定剂存在下,用过氧乙酸和精制米糠油进行环氧化反应,制得了环氧米糠油,环氧值大于6%。     

环氧米糠油酸辛酯生产工艺

研究以米糠油、辛醇为原料生产环氧米糠油酸辛酯,并对生产工艺及工艺条件进行了探讨。     

环氧米糠油酸辛酯生产技术

本文介绍了以粗米糠油2—乙基己醇—[1]、硫酸、双氧水,甲酸、活性炭为原料,经粗米糠油精炼、酵解、粗米糠油酸辛酯水洗、蒸馏、环氧化、水洗、脱色、压滤过程制备环氧米糠油酸辛酯的生产原理及操作,并进行了经济效益分析。建议有条件的地方新建生产装置以缓解国内供求矛盾替代进口。     

从米糠油皂脚中提取脂肪酸甲酯,甘油,药物谷维素和不皂化物的方法

前言 稻谷加工过程的副产物—米糠,含油脂16—22％;米糠油通过碱炼、脱色、脱臭、脱蜡,可以生产营养价值高的食用油。在碱炼过程中产生15—25％左右的皂脚。我们通过多年试验,摸索出一条酯化、醇解新工艺,可以有效地利用米糠油皂脚制取化工原料和药物,现就这一工艺方法作如下介绍。 一、工艺流程 表1和表2分别列出了米糠油皂脚的主要成分,以及用皂脚制取脂肪酸甲酯(以下     

氢化米糠油的研制

氢化米糠油的研制张招贵（南昌大学化学系南昌３３００４７）－、前言众所周知，中国是世界第一产米大国，年产稻谷１．７亿吨以上。按稻谷产量的５％计算，每年可产米糠８５０万吨，约占世界总产是的三分之一。米糠是我国一宗巨大的可再生资源，经深度加工和综合利用后，...     

米糠油改性环氧酯铁红防锈底漆的研究

米糠油主要由油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸组成,属半干性油,具有了作为涂料基料的良好理化特性.研究表明,选用米糠油、桐油、环氧树脂和氧化铁红合成的铁红环氧酯防锈底漆,具有无毒、低温固化、防锈能力强等特点.本文介绍了底漆的配方、生产工艺,并讨论了影响底漆性能的因素.     

米糠油改性环氧酯铁红防锈底漆

米糠油主要由油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸组成，属半干性油，具有了作为涂料基料的良好理化特性。研究表明，选用米糠油、桐油、环氧树脂和氧化铁红合成的铁红环氧酯防锈底漆，具有无毒、低温固化、防锈能力强等特点。本介绍了底漆的配方、生产工艺，并讨论了影响底漆性能的因素。     

Extraction of rice bran oil using aqueous media

Aqueous extraction of oil from rice bran was studied on a laboratory scale and the resulting product was examined. The following process parameters influencing oil extraction were individually investigated: pH of aqueous media, extraction temperature, extraction time, agitation speed and rice bran‐to‐water ratio. Extraction temperature and pH were found to be the main factors influencing oil extraction. The highest oil yield was obtained at pH 12.0, extraction temperature 50 °C, extraction time 30 min, agitation speed 1000 rpm, and rice bran‐to‐water ratio 1.5‐to‐10. The quality of aqueous‐extracted oil in terms of free fatty acid, iodine value and saponification value was similar to a commercial sample of rice bran oil and hexane‐extracted oil, but the peroxide value was higher. Furthermore, the colour of aqueous‐extracted oil was paler than solvent‐extracted oil. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

米糠精制产品的应用

对米糠综合利用的途径进行了详细论述；并总结厂各种米糠精制产品在日用化工、医药工业、食品工业、精细化工领域的具体用途，包括米糠油的浸提技术，米糠油作为营养保健食品的开发利用，米糠油作为油脂化工原材料的深加工；米糠油精炼皂脚中提取游离脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物的制备；米糠脱水、脱臭、脱色的小皂化物提取谷甾醇、生育酚、谷维素的方法；米糠脱蜡副产物制备糠蜡和二十烷醇的利用及米糠饼(粕)提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的利用途径，最后提出了大力发展我国米糠产业的市场前景。     

Enzymatic process for extracting oil and protein from rice bran

Enzymatic extraction of oil and protein from rice bran, using a commercial protease (Alcalase), was investigated and evaluated by response surface methodology. The effect of enzyme concentration was most significant on oil and protein extraction yields, whereas incubation time and temperature had no significant effect. The maximal extraction yields of oil and protein were 79 and 68%, respectively. Further, the quality of oil recovered from the process in terms of free fatty acid, iodine value, and saponification value was comparable with solvent-extracted oil and commercial rice bran oil, but the peroxide value was higher.     

Enzymatic treatment of rice bran to improve processing

A modification of the process of oil extraction from rice bran is proposed, introducing one or two enzymatic reactions previous to solvent extraction. Although a total aqueous enzymatic extraction process did not result in reasonable oil extraction yields, an interesting alternative results from enzymatic reactions previous to solvent extraction or pressing. A thermal treatment of rice bran is first applied to deactivate lipase, but also to gelatinize starch previous to reaction with α-amylase. This is followed by a saccharifying step with glucoamylase to produce glucose (28 g/100 g of rice bran treated), while the residual paste, 66.7% of the original bran, may be subjected to a proteolytic process for protein extraction or directly treated with the solvent to obtain bran oil. Finally, under the defined extraction conditions using hexane, yields of oil are 5% higher when rice bran has been previously treated with α-amylase.     

Nutrition of rice bran oil in relation to its purification

A comparative nutritive study was made to show that the extent of purification markedly influences the nutritive characteristics of rice bran oil. The coefficient of digestibility was 93.8% when rice bran oil that had been purified by degumming, deacidifying, bleaching and deodorizing was fed to rats; whereas it was 94.8% when extremely pure rice bran oil, which was achieved by including an additional dewaxing step, was used. Rice bran oil without deodorization, but purified by other treatments, showed a 96.2% coefficient of digestibility, which is somewhat lower than that of groundnut oil. However, after a feeding experiment over three months, the highly purified rice bran oil showed better results than the other two purified samples of rice bran oil, and was sometimes better than groundnut oil in terms of total lipid, triglyceride and especially in cholesterol content in serum, liver and heart tissues.     

用固定化脂肪酶Candida sp．99-125由粗米糠油酶法合成脂肪酸甲酯

The non-edible crude rice bran oil was extracted from white rice bran, and then was catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production in this study. The effects of water content, oil/methanol molar ratio, temperature, enzyme amount, solvent,number of methanol added times and two-step methanolysis by using Candida sp. 99-125 as catalyst were investigated. The optimal conditions for processing 1 g rice bran oil were: 0.2 g immobilized lipase, 2 ml n-hexane as solvent, 20% water based on the rice bran oil mass, temperature of 40 °C and two-step addition of methanol. As a result, the fatty acid methyl esters yield was 87.4%. The immobilized lipase was proved to be stable when it was used repeatedly for 7 cycles.     

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Oryzanol is an important value-added co-product of the rice and rice bran-refining processes. The beneficial effects of oryzanol on human health have generated global interest in developing facile methods for its separation from rice bran oil soapstock, a by-product of the chemical refining of rice bran oil. In this article we discuss the isolation of oryzanol and the effect that impurities have on its extraction and purification. Presented are the principles behind the extraction (solid-liquid or liquid-liquid extraction, and other methods) of these unit operations covered in selected patents. Methods other than extraction such as crystallization or precipitation-based or a combination of these unit operations also are reviewed. The problems encountered and the ways to solve them during oryzanol extraction, such as prior processing and compositional variation in soapstock, resistance to mass transfer, moisture content and the presence of surface active components, which cause emulsion formation, are examined. Engineering inputs required for solving problems such as saponification, increasing mass transfer area, and drying methods are emphasized. Based on an analysis of existing processes, those having potential to work in large-scale extraction processes are presented.     

Membrane degumming of crude rice bran oil: Pilot plant study

The procedure for the classical chemical refining of vegetable oils consists of degumming, alkali neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization. Conventional refining of rice bran oil using alkali gives oil of acceptable quality, but the refining losses are very high. A critical work has been carried out to study the application of membrane technology in the pretreatment of crude rice bran oil. Oils intended for physical refining should have a low phosphorus content, and this is not readily achievable by the conventional acid/water degumming process. The application of membrane technology for the pretreatment of rice bran oil has been investigated. The process has already been successfully applied to other vegetable oils. Ceramic membranes, which are important from the commercial point of view, were examined for this purpose. The results showed that the membrane‐filtered oils met the requirements of physical refining, with a substantial reduction in color. It was observed that most of the waxy material was also rejected. Experiments were carried out to establish the relationship between permeate flux and rejection with membrane pore size, trans‐membrane pressure and micellar solute concentration.     

Extraction of rice brain oil using supercritical carbon dioxide and propane

Extraction of rice bran lipids was performed using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC−CO₂) and liquid propane. To provide a basis for extraction efficiency, accelerated solvent extraction with hexane was performed at 100°C and 10.34 MPa. Extraction pressure was varied for propane and SC−CO₂ extractions. Also, the role of temperature in SC−CO₂ extraction efficiency was investigated at 45,65, and 85°C. For the SC−CO₂ experiments, extraction efficiencies were proportional to pressure and inversely proportional to temperature, and the maximal yield of oil achieved using SC−CO₂ was 0.222±0.013 kg of oil extracted per kg of rice bran for conditions of 45°C and 35 MPa. The maximal yield achieved with propane was 0.224±0.016 kg of oil per kg of rice bran at 0.76 MPa and ambient temperature. The maximum extraction efficiencies of both SC−CO₂ and propane were found to be significantly different from the hexane extraction baseline yield, which was 0.261±0.005 kg oil extracted per kg of rice bran. A simulated economic analysis was performed on the possibility of using SC−CO₂ and propane extraction technologies to remove oil from rice bran generated in Mississippi. Although the economic analysis was based on the maximal extraction efficiency for each technology, neither process resulted in a positive rate of return on investment.