基于后向区间选择偏最小二乘算法的软测量建模

偏最小二乘是在光谱多变量校正中广泛使用的一种算法,现已经发现高效的变量选择不仅能够提高模型的预测能力,也可大大降低模型的复杂度。为了建立具有鲁棒性和低复杂度的基于光谱的在线软测量模型,考虑到光谱变量之间高度相关这一事实,提出一种基于后向区间选择策略的偏最小二乘算法。该算法主要步骤是:先将光谱波长域细分为一定数量的等长子区间;再采用后向淘汰的策略,将各个子区间逐步淘汰,形成一个淘汰序列;最后,再反向选择一定数量的子区间建立最终的模型。通过一个实例以及与传统基于全谱的偏最小二乘算法比较,显示出了该算法的在建立软测量模型方面的优良性能。     

偏最小二乘组合后向区间选择在近红外定量建模中的应用

偏最小二乘是在光谱多变量校正中广泛使用的一种经典算法.尽管本身具有变量压缩的作用,近年来的研究发现,高效的变量选择仍然是必要的,一方面能够提高模型的预测能力,另一方面能够降低模型的复杂度.考虑到相邻光谱变量之间高度相关的事实,创建一种偏最小二乘组合后向区间选择策略的算法.步骤是:先将整个光谱波长区域细分为一定数量的等长子区间;然后采用后向淘汰的策略,根据各个子区间的有用信息量将其逐步淘汰,形成一个淘汰序列;最后再反向选择一个最优数量的子区间来建立最终的预测模型.该方法应用于建立烟草总糖的近红外定量预测模型,效果好.在将变量压缩60%的基础上获得了比传统基于全谱的偏最小二乘算法更优的预测性能.     

非线性偏最小二乘建模方法及在近红外光谱建模上的应用

偏最小二乘算法(PLS)是常用的线性光谱建模方法。针对汽油在线调合中具有非线性特点的辛烷值、干点等属性应用PLS方法建立模型误差较大问题,本文提出了残差-递阶偏最小二乘的建模方法,该方法对已经提取成分后的自变量中剩余的信息再提取主成分,并将该主成分作为新的自变量参与回归建模。仿真验证结果表明:残差-递阶偏最小二乘方法建立的模型中验证集的样本数据误差均在正负0.2之间。残差-递阶偏最小二乘方法与偏最小二乘、递阶偏最小二乘叫-PLS)两种方法比较,残差-递阶偏最小二乘建立的模型有的更高的精度和模型适应性。     

基于近红外光谱的煤粉样品定量检测研究

针对煤质快速在线检测的需求,采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱结合不同的光谱预处理方法,即平滑处理方法、微分方法、多元散射校正方法、标准归一化处理方法分别建立了煤粉样品的水分、灰分和挥发分的偏最小二乘模型,并对模型的检测结果进行了十字交叉验证。结果表明,基于25点平滑处理方法建立的水分偏最小二乘模型较优,基于标准归一化处理方法建立的灰分偏最小二乘模型最佳,基于5点平滑处理方法建立的挥发分偏最小二乘模型精度最高,验证了应用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术定量分析煤粉指标的可行性。     

基于移动最小二乘法的气动力数据建模方法

针对一体化飞行器高度耦合的非线性气动问题,提出了一种基于移动最小二乘法的气动力数据建模方法;首先,对影响模型精度的因素进行了分析;接着,在构建移动最小二乘模型时采用遗传算法获取最佳支撑域半径以及最佳影响因子β,提高近似精度从而达到减少样本点的目的;得到泛化能力较强的气动力模型,并与偏最小二乘方法的建模结果进行对比;实验结果表明:移动最小二乘法的建模效果优于偏最小二乘方法,预测误差较小,证明了将该方法应用于气动数据建模是可行的。     

混合PLS特征提取和CVM的异常入侵检测研究

为提高异常入侵检测的效率,提出一种混合偏最小二乘特征提取和核心向量机算法的入侵检测模型。模型使用偏最小二乘算法在入侵数据集上进行主成分提取,在此基础上构建特征集,引入适用于解决大规模样本训练问题的核心向量机算法,在特征集上建立入侵检测模型,使用该模型对异常入侵行为进行检测和判断。通过基于KDD99数据集上的入侵检测实验,验证了混合模型的可行性和有效性。     

声纳阵列网络基于移动信标到达角的渐进最优节点自定位算法

针对水下声纳阵列网络节点自定位问题,提出一种基于移动信标到达角的三维总体最小二乘（TLS）节点自定位算法。首先给出了基于方位角和俯仰角的变量含误差模型,并根据该模型提出三维TLS算法,证明三维TLS算法随信标广播次数增加是渐进最优估计,仿真结果验证所提出算法的均方根误差渐进达到CRLB。     

改进引力搜索最小二乘支持向量机交通流预测

为了提高基于最小二乘支持向量机的交通流预测模型的精度,提出一种新的改进引力搜索算法（TCK-AGSA）对其进行参数寻优。首先,基于Tent映射改进Kbest函数,使算法具有跳出局部最优的机制;然后,引入全局最优引导策略,使粒子加速朝向最优解移动;接着,将进化度因子和聚合度因子引入速度更新权重系数,使算法具有较强的自适应能力。针对12个基准函数的仿真结果表明,TCK-AGSA的性能优于GSA及其改进算法。最后,建立基于TCK-AGSA寻优的最小二乘支持向量机模型,并选取2016年贵州省高速公路真实交通流数据进行预测实验,结果表明该模型具有更好的预测精度、鲁棒性和泛化能力。     

一种基于Cholesky分解的动态无偏LS-SVM学习算法

针对最小二乘支持向量机用于在线建模时存在的计算复杂性问题,提出一种动态无偏最小二乘支持向量回归模型.该模型通过改进标准最小二乘支持向量机结构风险的形式消除了偏置项.得到了无偏的最小二乘支持向量机,简化了回归系数的求解.根据模型动态变化过程中核函数矩阵的特点,设计了基于Cholesky分解的在线学习算法.该算法能充分利用历史训练结果,减少计算复杂性.仿真实验表明了所提出模型的有效性.     

面向大规模数据流处理的偏最小二乘法

用光谱分析鉴别生物特征,导致数据量大,而实际需要必须实时处理。偏最小二乘法是使用最广泛的鉴别算法,但是对于大规模数据流该算法无法达到实时性。为了解决这个应用矛盾,提出了一种基于NVIDIA CUDA架构下的并行计算策略,利用具有大规模并行计算特征的图形处理器（GPU）作为计算设备,结合GPU存储器的优势实现了偏最小二乘算法。实验的测试结果表明,在GPU上使用CUDA实现的偏最小二乘算法比在CPU上实现该算法快了47倍,性能得到了显著提高,从而使偏最小二乘算法应用于大规模数据流处理成为可能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.