残余应力和应变率对地震作用下钢柱的循环屈曲影响

对4个足尺W型柱试件进行受压屈曲试验,研究强震下多层支撑钢框架中柱的屈曲性能。工况包括单调、循环的轴心和偏心加载。在其中一个试验中施加动力循环荷载,在另一个循环试验中施加端弯矩。柱截面尺寸为W310×129(类型1),材质为ASTMA992钢。研究柱的长细比为48时绕弱轴屈曲的性能。基于杆件横截面的纤维离散化,采用数值方法模拟试件的响应。在数值模型中,描述并考虑了柱残余应力和应变率对材料属性的影响。研究表明:在地震作用下,钢柱能持续几个非线性屈曲循环,并承受重力荷载。仅在首次屈曲时,残余应力对柱的性能有影响,并在屈曲和降低受压承载力之前逐渐降低柱的切向刚度。强震下的高应变率提高了柱的屈曲强度和后屈曲强度。当采用非线性梁柱单元时,能充分预测钢柱的循环屈曲性能。在本模型中,通过横截面纤维离散化考虑了残余应力和应变率的影响。     

轴向往复荷载作用下钢管混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为了探究斜交网格结构体系中外筒斜柱的破坏机制,对8个钢管混凝土柱和2个钢管柱试件进行了轴向往复加载试验,研究加载路径、长径比、混凝土强度和含钢率对其抗震性能的影响,分析了钢管混凝土柱的破坏机制、破坏形态和滞回性能,并讨论了钢管与混凝土间的相互作用。结果表明：轴向往复荷载下钢管混凝土柱的破坏均由钢管断裂引起,核心混凝土整体保持完好,只在钢管屈曲处存在混凝土压碎现象;相比于空钢管柱,钢管混凝土柱受拉时混凝土对钢管的支撑作用,以及受压时钢管对混凝土的约束作用,保证了其具有更高的承载力、变形能力和耗能能力;钢管混凝土柱在轴压和轴拉荷载下的抗震性能存在显著差别,在轴拉荷载下具有更好的延性和耗能能力,而在轴压荷载下具有更高的承载力和刚度。钢管混凝土柱屈服后钢管对混凝土的约束作用持续增强,并当钢管纵向应变达到8×10^-3时,不同参数对其约束效应的影响达到最大。     

Seismic behavior of L-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular columns with reinforcement stiffeners

制作了1根对拉钢筋加劲L形截面钢管混凝土柱试件和2根非加劲L形截面钢管混凝土柱试件,对其进行低周往复水平荷载作用下的滞回性能试验,考察对拉钢筋和轴压比对其抗震性能的影响规律。结合OpenSees有限元分析,研究其破坏模式和滞回性能,分析对拉钢筋的作用以及钢管对混凝土的约束作用。结果表明：对拉钢筋能有效限制钢板的局部屈曲以及阴角处钢管和混凝土的脱离,保证钢管和混凝土共同工作;轴压比从0.3增加到0.6时,非加劲L形截面钢管混凝土柱的耗能能力及延性均降低;相同轴压比下,相比非加劲L形截面钢管混凝土柱,对拉钢筋加劲L形截面钢管混凝土柱的破坏程度明显减轻,耗能能力及延性明显提高;有限元分析结果基本能反映试件在低周往复水平荷载作用下的抗震性能。     

Experimental investigation concerning lipped channel columns undergoing local–distortional–global buckling mode interaction

This work deals with the structural behaviour and ultimate strength of fixed-ended cold-formed steel lipped channel columns experiencing local–distortional–global buckling mode interaction, due to the closeness between the critical buckling stresses associated with these three buckling mode types. After briefly addressing the column specimen geometry selection and showing a few numerical elastic post-buckling results, the paper reports the results of an experimental investigation involving a set of 12 columns with several cross-section dimensions and yield stresses, which is aimed at (i) providing experimental evidence of the occurrence of the triple mode interaction under consideration and (ii) quantifying its effect on the column deformed configuration evolution and failure load erosion (drop). Various aspects concerning the test set-up and procedure are described in some detail before presenting and discussing the obtained column experimental results, which basically consist of (i) measured cross-section dimensions, lengths and initial displacements (geometrical imperfections), (ii) stress–strain curves and yield stresses determined from tensile coupon tests, (iii) recorded non-linear equilibrium paths (applied load vs. various relevant displacements) and ultimate strength values, and (iv) observed deformed configurations and collapse mechanisms.     

热处理方钢管短柱超低周疲劳性能试验研究

强震下钢结构构件会发生局部或整体屈曲，造成构件局部塑性应变集中，导致构件在反复荷载作用下最终发生断裂，因此有必要开展大塑性应变循环加载下局部屈曲和后续延性断裂的耦合破坏机理研究。通过热处理冷弯方钢管短柱的超低周疲劳试验，对上述破坏机理进行了研究。试验考察了宽厚比和加载历史对于方钢管短柱屈曲后断裂模式及抗震性能的影响，并给出了累积延性评估方法。试验结果显示：所有试件受压时承载力的下降皆由局部屈曲导致，而受拉侧承载力的退化则由延性断裂造成；构件的累积塑性耗能可分解为各向同性强化耗能和随动强化耗能，且两者受拉时对应值呈线性关系。     

壁挂式冷弯型钢结构双层组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究壁挂式连接冷弯型钢结构中双层组合墙体的抗震性能，对4个足尺双层墙体试件进行了水平低周往复试验，考虑了刚性斜撑、方钢管端柱加强、下部两层墙体抗侧刚度比等因素对墙体抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增设刚性斜撑墙体中V形刚性斜撑与墙面板蒙皮作用同时发挥抗侧作用，提高了墙体的受剪承载力及弹性抗侧刚度，但延性降低；采用方钢管截面端柱可避免端柱发生压屈破坏，其对墙体的抗侧刚度及受剪承载力提高幅度较小，但可以改善墙体的延性及变形性能；当底层与二层墙体抗侧刚度比大于1时，墙体属于弯曲型破坏。建议在多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅抗震设计中，对底层墙体设置刚性斜撑、采用方钢管加强端柱以提高墙体受剪承载力及端柱抗压屈能力。     

局部约束轧制H型钢柱的抗震性能研究

针对地震作用下钢抗弯框架由于H型钢柱局部屈曲所产生的破坏,提出了一种适用于地震区的钢框架结构形式:局部约束的轧制H型钢柱体系。这种结构形式通过在柱可能产生局部屈曲的部位设置附加约束,以达到延缓屈曲发展,提高柱抗震性能的目的。根据所提出的方法,通过两组共7根大比例模型柱进行了常轴力和水平循环荷载作用下的试验验证。研究结果表明,未约束H型钢模型柱在达到其最大承载力之后,由于柱底部局部屈曲不断发展,承载力下降较快;而所建议的局部约束H型钢柱,其延性及抗震耗能能力都有了较大提高。     

壁挂式冷弯型钢结构双层组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究壁挂式连接冷弯型钢结构中双层组合墙体的抗震性能,对4个足尺双层墙体试件进行了水平低周往复试验,考虑了刚性斜撑、方钢管端柱加强、下部两层墙体抗侧刚度比等因素对墙体抗震性能的影响.结果表明:增设刚性斜撑墙体中V形刚性斜撑与墙面板蒙皮作用同时发挥抗侧作用,提高了墙体的受剪承载力及弹性抗侧刚度,但延性降低;采用方钢管截面...     

Numerical simulation of mega steel reinforced concrete columns with different steel sections

In recent years, the mega steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns have been applied in super‐tall buildings. The previous research on SRC columns mainly focuses on the components with simple arrangement of encased steel, such as H‐shaped steel and cross‐shaped steel, with little attention paid to mega SRC columns that always have complicated encased steel and large steel ratio. The cyclic loading tests were carried out on scaled mega SRC column specimens with different cross‐section type of encased steel and steel ratio. The nonlinear three‐dimensional finite element and fiber element models were established respectively to simulate the inelastic behavior of mega SRC columns. The equivalent plastic strain of concrete, steel and rebar as well as the confinement effect on the concrete caused by the rebar and the steel plate were analyzed subsequently. By using the verified numerical model, the seismic behavior of specimens with different axial compression ratio was also studied. The test and analysis results indicate that the steel ratio and axial compression ratio have significant effects on the seismic performance of mega SRC columns, while the effect of cross‐section type of encased steel is not significant. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental investigation of the overall buckling behaviour of 960 MPa high strength steel columns

Investigations of the mechanical performance of high strength steel structures have become a research hotspot in civil and structural engineering, and existing experimental studies of their overall buckling behaviour have hitherto focused mainly on columns fabricated from either 460 MPa or 690 MPa steels. The present study describes an experimental programme including six pin-ended 960 MPa steel columns under axial compression. Both welded I- and box-section specimens are considered. The initial geometric imperfections and cross-sectional residual stresses are reported, with the axial loading, deformation and the strain distributions at the mid-length section being monitored during the testing. The buckling mode is clarified, and the buckling capacity is compared with design results according to current national design codes. Based on the experimental results, a finite element model is described and validated, and then used to perform a large number of parametric studies, considering different cross-sectional dimensions and column slendernesses. It is found that all specimens failed by overall flexural buckling, and the corresponding column curves in current design codes underestimate the dimensionless buckling strength of 960 MPa steel columns. Higher and more adequate column curves are suggested for such columns, and new column curves are proposed based on a non-linear fitting of the parametric results.     

Displacement based seismic verification method for thin-walled circular steel columns subjected to bi-directional cyclic loading

The present work evaluates influence of bi-directional cyclic loading on Finite Element (FE) models of thin-walled circular steel columns, especially preferred for highway bridges in Japan. An in-house developed material constitutive law is used for the material properties of FE model to understand the behavior of steel under inelastic cyclic loading. The empirical formulas for strength and ductility are developed based on the observations. Attempts are also made to develop a bi-directional seismic verification method by using relation between ultimate ductility of uni- and bi-directional loading, and characteristics of displacement response of the column under two-directional earthquake motions. The comparison between occurrences of ultimate displacement and ultimate strain, in different cases studied, indicates that displacement based seismic verification approach gives slightly over design of the steel column.     

约束钢柱抗火性能试验研究

介绍了一组约束钢柱抗火试验,包括试验设计、钢柱温度和位移测量结果、钢柱试验后残余变形,以及试验的数值模拟等。试验变化参数为钢柱所受约束的刚度。约束刚度大小对钢柱抗火性能的影响包括:约束刚度比大的钢柱,其屈曲温度和破坏温度均较低;钢柱屈曲后,约束刚度比大的钢柱在变形较小时即可达到新的平衡位置;约束钢柱的破坏温度一般高于其屈曲温度,且随轴向约束刚度比的增大,破坏温度与屈曲温度之差增大。试验结果与有限元分析结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好,有限元方法研究约束钢柱抗火性能具有较高的精度。     

Inelastic seismic response of steel bracing members

A survey of past experimental studies on the inelastic response of diagonal steel bracing members subjected to cyclic inelastic loading was carried out to collect data for the seismic design of concentrically braced steel frames for which a ductile response is required under earthquakes. The parameters that were examined are the buckling strength of the bracing members, the brace post-buckling compressive resistance at various ductility levels, the brace maximum tensile strength including strain hardening effects, and the lateral deformations of the braces upon buckling. Equations are proposed for each of these parameters. In addition, the maximum ductility that can be achieved by rectangular hollow bracing members is examined.     

双槽钢缀板柱绕虚轴的滞回性能试验研究

为研究双槽钢缀板柱绕虚轴的抗震性能,对6个双槽钢缀板柱足尺试件进行水平往复荷载试验研究,分析了单肢长细比、缀板线刚度、轴压比、加劲肋设置等因素对试件的承载力、破坏模式、耗能能力、变形能力及延性的影响。试验结果表明：按GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》设计的双槽钢缀板柱在绕虚轴往复荷载作用下不能达到设计塑性受弯承载力,减小单肢长细比,可显著提高构件塑性抗弯承载力及初始刚度,当单肢长细比为20时,构件绕虚轴受弯承载力可达到规范相关要求;在满足规范要求的情况下,缀板及其连接焊缝未发生破坏,但提高缀板线刚度对构件绕虚轴的抗震性能影响较小;轴压比对构件抗震性能影响显著,随着轴压比增大,构件抗震性能降低;在构件塑性铰区设置加劲肋,可有效防止该区域板件的局部屈曲,提高构件的承载力、延性及耗能能力,缓解承载力及刚度退化,但塑性铰区转移至第二与第三块缀板间,试件破坏模式为单肢失稳。     

Overall buckling behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel columns: Experimental investigation and design method

Overall buckling behavior of compression columns is one of the most important research subjects in steel structures, especially for high strength steel which has been increasingly applied in recent years. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the overall buckling behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel compression members. Totally twelve columns including welded box and I-sections were comprised. The initial imperfections such as the residual stress, initial bending and loading eccentricity were all measured. Based on experimental results the buckling deformation and capacity were investigated. A finite element model was established and further validated by comparing with the test data in both present study and other previous researches, in which initial imperfections were taken into account. A large number of columns with various section dimensions and lengths were calculated by using the validated model, and their buckling capacities were compared with design values according to different steel structures specifications. It was found that the nondimensional buckling strength of such 460 MPa high strength steel columns were significantly improved compared to normal strength steel columns, and corresponding column curves and design formulae were suggested.     

高强度钢材箱形柱滞回性能试验研究

为研究Q460高强度钢材箱形柱的抗震性能,对5个足尺试件进行了水平往复加载试验研究,分析了板件宽厚比、轴压比等因素对试件的承载力、破坏模式、耗能能力、变形能力和延性的影响。试验结果表明,Q460高强度钢材箱形柱具有很好的耗能能力和抗震性能,适用于抗震钢框架;除试件HB-1外其他试件本身及其柱脚节点均未发生焊缝开裂,证明设计合理、质量合格的Q460高强度钢材焊缝连接具有足够的承载力和良好的抗震性能;板件宽厚比越大,试件局部屈曲出现得越早,最大荷载对应的位移级越小,达到破坏时的位移级也越小;试件发生局部屈曲的范围及屈曲中心位置相对于试件截面高度的比值依次减小,所有试件最大屈曲位置距固定端0.25B~0.50B（B为等边箱型截面外边长）,塑性区范围距离固定端0.72B~1.06B。根据试验结果,建议在轴压比不大于0.2时,Q460钢材箱形截面压弯构件板件宽厚比限值不应大于30;同时,钢框架柱在进行抗震设计时,其板件宽厚比限值应与轴压比相联系,轴压比越大,板件宽厚比限值应越小。     

箱形钢柱受力性能分析及抗震设计建议

基于箱形钢柱拟静力试验,通过有限元分析,研究腹板宽厚比、构件轴压比及平面外长细比、柱顶弯矩等因素对偏压箱形钢柱抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明：腹板宽厚比和平面外长细比对箱形钢柱抗震性能影响较大,随着腹板宽厚比、平面外长细比的增大,箱形钢柱延性和承载力均有所减小,抗震性能变差;柱顶弯矩使箱形钢柱的正向延性增大,而降低其反向延性,柱顶弯矩对箱形钢柱抗震性能的影响相对较小。在此基础上,对箱形钢构件提出与受力状态相关联的腹板宽厚比、平面外长细比限值建议。引入箱形钢柱位移角概念,进而提出大跨度空间钢结构的构件抗震等级划分方法。并给出箱形钢构件腹板宽厚比、构件平面外长细比的抗震验算流程。     

H形钢构件双轴压弯滞回试验的设计和实现

设计了一套H形钢构件双向压弯滞回加载测量试验系统,用以实现H形钢构件在三轴受力时的加载和试件响应的精确测量。试验系统具有如下特点:加载系统采用万向铰-跟动装置系统,能够精确实施既定的加载方案,避免加载时产生附加弯矩和扭矩,有效消除摩擦力的影响;试验位移测量系统能够精确测量得到试件加载时的三维空间响应;试验应变测量布置可考察柱底部翼缘和腹板屈服及屈曲的发生,并可利用加载时弹性段的应力反算水平反力,进而计算其摩擦力;试验结果显示试验加载和测量系统相对都比较稳定,所得到的试验结果可靠,可以进行H形钢构件双轴压弯滞回性能的研究。     

Structural Performance of Welded Built-Up Mega Composite Columns Subject to Compressive Force and Moment

The width thickness ratio of a concrete-filled steel tube column is limited in order to prevent the local buckling of the tube. Determined by column width and steel tube thickness, width-thickness ratio decides whether the cross-section is compact, non-compact or slender. Different compressive strength formulas are applied depending on the type of the cross-section. This study suggests the shape of binding frames which are placed at a constant distance inside the steel tube of a mega column having large cross-sections to improve the composite effect and confinement effect. Structural tests are conducted on 9 welded built-up and generic CFT columns with different steel thicknesses to evaluate their structural performance under compressive force and moment applied simultaneously. The maximum load of the welded built-up specimens with compact, non-compact and slender cross-sections is approximately 38%, 30% and 20% higher when compared with their generic CFT counterparts. While the effective stiffness of the members of concrete-filled composite columns is calculated by one formula, the difference among the specimens is greater than 10% depending on the width-thickness ratio. Therefore, it is deemed that effective stiffness needs to be categorized depending on the width-thickness ratio as in the case of compressive strength and bending strength.     

Performance of CFTST column to steel beam joints with blind bolts under cyclic loading

The objective of this research is to investigate the seismic performance of the composite joint consisting of square concrete filled thin-walled steel tubular (CFTST) column and steel beam with end plate and blind bolts. The cold-formed square tube in each CFTST column connection was fabricated by seam welding together four pieces of lipped angle with nominal wall thickness 1.5 mm or 3 mm. Four exterior joint specimens were tested under axially compressive load on the top of the columns and cyclic loads on the beam tip. The experimental parameters in the study were the thickness of the steel tube and the type of end plate. The seismic response of the blind bolted moment joints to CFTST columns was analyzed and evaluated in terms of the hysteretic behavior, failure modes, stiffness and strength degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation capacities of the joints. To improve the tension behavior of the blind bolted moment connections to the thin tube wall, the anchorage action of reinforcing rebar welded to the bolts with concrete-filled steel tubes was also investigated to consider the effect of cyclic loading. The experimental and analytical results indicated that when the end plate thickness is not less than 3 mm, the flush or extended end plate joints to CFTST columns exhibited large hysteretic loops and excellent seismic performance, such as ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The proposed innovative blind bolted joint was verified as a reliable and effective solution applied in mid- and low-rise buildings through properly design and detailing.