发生畸变屈曲的纵向加劲板的受压试验

采用厚4.0mm,名义屈服应力为235.0MPa的中厚钢板制作板件,并分别设置不同刚度的纵向加劲肋,对此纵向加劲板进行受压破坏试验。对发生畸变屈曲或局部与畸变相关屈曲的纵向加劲板的受压极限承载力和性能进行试验和理论研究,结果表明:临界屈曲模式主要取决于纵向加劲肋的刚度和母板的宽厚比。对于某些加劲板,局部屈曲和畸变屈曲之间的相互作用非常明显。畸变屈曲构件和局部与畸变相关屈曲构件展示了较大的后屈曲强度。研究纵向加劲板的的畸变屈曲强度曲线。采用直接强度法提出设计强度简化公式,用于考虑纵向加劲板的畸变屈曲及局部与畸变相关屈曲。将强度曲线与试验和有限元结果对比,验证了曲线的正确性。通过试验研究,得出有关纵向加劲板的屈曲性能的一些结论。     

Compression tests of high strength cold-formed steel channels with buckling interaction

This paper describes a series of compression tests conducted on cold-formed simple lipped channels and lipped channels with intermediate stiffeners in the flanges and web fabricated from high strength steel plate of thickness 0.6 and 0.8 mm with the nominal yield stress 560 MPa. A range of lengths of lipped channel sections were tested to failure with both ends of the column fixed with a special capping to prevent local failure of column ends and influence from the shift of centroid during testing. The high strength cold-formed steel channel sections of intermediate lengths generally displayed a significant interaction between local and distortional buckling. A noticeable interaction between local and overall buckling was also observed for the long columns. A significant post-buckling strength reserve was shown for those sections that showed interaction between local and distortional or overall buckling. Simple design strength formulas in the Direct Strength Method for the thin-walled cold-formed steel sections failing in the mixed mode of local and distortional buckling have been studied. The strengths predicted by the strength formulas proposed are compared with the test results for verification.     

550MPa高强冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢受弯构件畸变屈曲试验研究

为了研究屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件的畸变屈曲性能,分别对直卷边、斜卷边和复杂卷边3种卷边形式的12组高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯试件进行了静力试验研究,其中纯弯试验6组,非纯弯试验6组。试验结果表明,卷边形式是影响试件发生畸变屈曲或局部和畸变相关屈曲的重要因素。相同卷边形式下,非纯弯试件的承载力均高于纯弯试件的承载力,且提高幅度与试件屈曲破坏模式有关,只发生畸变屈曲的试件承载力提高幅度最大,而在发生局部和畸变相关屈曲的试件中,由畸变屈曲引起破坏的试件承载力提高幅度次之,由局部屈曲引起破坏的试件承载力提高幅度最小。     

受压翼缘外带卷边和中间加劲肋的冷弯型钢梁的局部和扭转屈曲特性

采用数值模型分析受压翼缘含卷边和中间加劲肋的冷弯型钢梁的屈曲特性。通过一系列非线性有限元分析,研究了由局部或扭转屈曲导致失稳的两侧翼缘处均含卷边和中间加劲肋的冷弯Z型钢的弯曲性能。研究了中间加劲肋的尺寸和位置以及卷边加劲肋和中间加劲肋的相互作用对型材的屈曲特性和极限强度的影响。有限元分析结果常可用来检验用欧洲设计规范在预测这类断面极限强度时的精确度。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on cold-formed steel C-section flexural members

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the bending strength and behavior of cold-formed steel C-section flexural members with upright, inclined and complex edge stiffeners. A total of 24 specimens that divided into 12 tests including 6 pure bending tests and 6 non-pure bending tests have been conducted. Local buckling, distortional buckling and interaction between local and distortional buckling were observed in the tests. The experimental results show that the edge stiffener and buckling mode have great influence on member’s bending strength. Comparison of the bending strengths under the two bending states show that the bending strength under non-pure bending is higher than which under pure bending, but the increased magnitude is related to the buckling modes. Moment gradient effect has only a minor influence on local buckling, but has great influence on distortional buckling. The tests were simulated by finite element program of ANSYS and the simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results in terms of bending strength and buckling mode.     

Local buckling and post-local buckling redistribution of stress in slender plates and sections

Cold-formed open steel sections are comprised of component plates termed stiffened elements (webs) and unstiffened elements (flanges). The local buckling and post-local buckling behaviour of sections may be determined from the behaviour of the component plates. Much research effort has documented the theoretical elastic local buckling of plates and sections, however until recently few experimental studies have been reported on the local buckling and post-local buckling behaviour of unstiffened plates. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of unstiffened plates and sections that contain them in both compression and bending, and in particular analyses the mechanism that provides post-buckling strength. It is shown that, as with stiffened elements, the mechanism is the post-local buckling redistribution of stress, however unlike stiffened elements this redistribution can occur to such an extent that tensile stresses commonly form in axially compressed slender elements. The stress distributions at ultimate are compared with current international cold-formed steel specifications.     

冷弯薄壁型钢C形截面构件受弯承载力试验研究

为了研究冷弯薄壁型钢构件的受弯性能,对卷边形式为直卷边、斜卷边和复杂卷边的冷弯薄壁型钢C形截面受弯构件进行了试验研究。共计24个试件,分为12组试验,其中纯弯试验和非纯弯试验各6组。试验结果表明,卷边形式是影响构件受弯承载力的重要因素。试验中出现了局部屈曲、畸变屈曲以及局部和畸变的相关屈曲。对比两种受弯状态下的承载力发现,非纯弯时试件的承载力比纯弯时均有所提高,但提高的幅度和试件的屈曲模式有关,当发生畸变屈曲时提高得较多,而发生局部屈曲时提高得较少。利用有限元程序ANSYS对试验进行模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Experimental study of inelastic buckling strength and stiffness requirements for longitudinally stiffened panels

An experimental study was conducted in order to verify a proposed equation for the minimum required stiffness for longitudinal stiffeners attached on compression plates. Nine test specimens of stiffened plates were fabricated and tested to their ultimate strengths. Test results are compared with the maximum strengths predicted for stiffened plates by finite element analysis and by the proposed SSRC type critical stress curve. Fairly good correlations were observed, thereby confirming experimentally the adequacy of the proposed equation for the minimum required stiffness of the longitudinal stiffener attached to the compression panel and a modified SSRC type critical stress curve encompassing both the buckling ranges of plastic yield and the transition zones. A set of conclusions is drawn from the experimental studies as to the buckling behaviors of stiffened plates.     

The direct strength method for stainless steel compression members

The paper presents a complete set of direct strength equations for stainless steel members and sections in compression. The direct strength equations are based on recent research on the local, distortional and member bucking of stainless steel compression members, including the interaction of local and member buckling. The paper summarises the underlying research and presents the direct strength equations in a consistent format using a notation similar to that used in the North American Specification and the Australian Standard for (carbon) steel structures. Direct strength equations are proposed for local, distortional and combined local and member buckling, which fit within the framework of the Australian, North-American and European standards for stainless steel.     

Design of cold-formed steel channels with stiffened webs subjected to bending

The objectives of this study are to investigate the structural behaviour and evaluate the appropriateness of the current direct strength method on the design of cold-formed steel stiffened cross-sections subjected to bending. The stiffeners were employed to the web of plain channel and lipped channel sections to improve the flexural strength of cold-formed steel sections that are prone to local buckling and distortional buckling. An experimental investigation of simply supported beams with different stiffened channel sections has been conducted. The moment capacities and observed failure modes at ultimate loads were reported. A nonlinear finite element model was developed and verified against the test results in terms of strengths, failure modes and moment–curvature curves. The calibrated model was then adopted for an extensive parametric study to investigate the moment capacities and buckling modes of cold-formed steel beams with various geometries of stiffened sections. The strengths and failure modes of specimens obtained from experimental and numerical results were compared with design strengths predicted using the direct strength method specified in the North American Specification for cold-formed steel structures. The comparison shows that the design strengths predicted by the current direct strength method (DSM) are conservative for both local buckling and distortional buckling in this study. Hence, the DSM is modified to cover the new stiffened channel sections investigated in this study. A reliability analysis was also performed to assess the current and modified DSM.     

Numerical and experimental investigations on the compression behaviour of stiffened plates

The main objective of this paper is to present the results of the finite element method for non-linear analysis of stiffened plates subjected to axial compression load considering post-buckling behaviour up to collapse. For this purpose two series of well executed experimental data on longitudinally stiffened steel plates with and without transversal stiffeners subjected to uniform axial in-plane load carried out to study the buckling and post-buckling up to final failure have been chosen. The first series are those of Ghavami where the influences of stiffener cross-section of the type rectangular (R), L and T, their spacing and the presence of rigid transversal stiffeners have been studied. The second series of Tanaka & Endo, where the behaviour of stiffened plates having three and two flat bars for longitudinal and transversal stiffeners respectively were analysed. For the purpose a well-established commercially available Finite Element program ANSYS has been chosen. The selected element was SHELL43, which can trace the full-range, elastic-plastic behaviour of the stiffened plates. It is seen that the simulated results of FEM are in good consistency with the test results.     

Local and distortional buckling of cold-formed steel beams with both edge and intermediate stiffeners in their compression flanges

The true buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel beams with both edge and intermediate stiffeners in their compression flanges has been predicted with the aid of advanced numerical modelling. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses has been carried out to investigate the flexural behaviour of cold-formed Z sections with both edge and intermediate stiffeners in their flanges, when the failure is controlled by local and/or distortional buckling. The effect of the size and position of intermediate stiffeners as well as the effect of the edge stiffener/intermediate stiffener interaction on the buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of these sections has been studied. The knowledge gained from FE analyses was used to check the accuracy of the Eurocode design rules in predicting the ultimate strengths for these sections.     

冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压构件畸变与局部相关屈曲试验研究

对卷边尺寸不同的两类腹板中间设置加劲卷边槽形截面,共18个冷弯薄壁型钢固支轴压试件进行畸变屈曲与局部屈曲相关作用的静力试验研究。得到试件的屈曲模式、相关屈曲行为、破坏模式以及极限荷载。试验结果表明：畸变屈曲与局部屈曲的耦合相关对试件的变形和极限荷载有不利作用;畸变屈曲与局部屈曲的耦合相关作用存有较大的屈曲后承载力;畸变屈曲与局部屈曲的耦合相关顺序,即畸变屈曲 局部屈曲耦合相关、局部屈曲 畸变屈曲耦合相关,对试件的变形、非线性平衡路径、破坏模式以及极限荷载的影响有所不同。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试件进行模拟分析,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Buckling analysis of thin-walled cold-formed steel structural members using complex finite strip method

In this paper, a generalised complex finite strip method is proposed for buckling analysis of thin-walled cold-formed steel structures. The main advantage of this method over the ordinary finite strip method is that it can handle the shear effects due to the use of complex functions. In addition, distortional buckling as well as all other buckling modes of cold-formed steel sections like local and global modes can be investigated by the suggested complex finite strip method. A combination of general loading including bending, compression, shear and transverse compression forces is considered in the analytical model. For validation purposes, the results are compared with those obtained by the Generalized Beam Theory analysis. In order to illustrate the capabilities of complex finite strip method in modelling the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel structures, a number of case studies with different applications are presented. The studies are on both stiffened and unstiffened cold-formed steel members.     

冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件畸变屈曲控制研究

基于部分加劲板件的畸变屈曲和局部屈曲的稳定系数比较,提出了冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件畸变屈曲发生于局部屈曲之后或畸变屈曲不发生的临界控制条件;给出了通过构件畸变屈曲计算长度控制畸变屈曲的临界条件;提出一种控制畸变屈曲的构造措施,即在卷边间加设缀板,并通过已有试验对其有效性进行验证,同时推导了卷边间缀板的刚度需求。结果表明：通过构件截面尺寸控制畸变屈曲不发生或发生在局部屈曲之后,可以不考虑构件畸变屈曲的影响,简化冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件承载力的计算;计算长度小于畸变屈曲半波长一半的构件不发生畸变屈曲;通过在卷边间加设缀板的构造措施能有效阻止部分加劲板件的转动,构件的畸变屈曲荷载和承载力都有很大的提高,缀板布置间距不同,构件承载力的提高幅度也不同,缀板间距越小,构件承载力提高幅度越大。算例分析表明,满足一定间距和刚度需求的缀板能够提高构件的畸变屈曲承载力或避免畸变屈曲的发生。     

不同截面形式高强冷弯薄壁槽钢构件受弯承载力试验研究

对36个屈服强度为550 MPa的高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯试件进行静力试验研究,考虑了加劲形式和卷边形式对试件受弯性能的影响,其中加劲形式分为无加劲、翼缘中间V形加劲和翼缘及腹板中间V形加劲3种,卷边形式分为直卷边、斜卷边和复杂卷边3种。试验结果表明：加劲形式和卷边形式是影响试件受弯承载力和屈曲模式的重要因素;与无加劲形式相比,采用板件中间V形加劲有效减小了板件宽厚比,试件受弯承载力提高了30%~70%;同种加劲形式下,短（直、斜）卷边试件受弯承载力提高幅度最大,复杂卷边试件提高幅度次之,长（直、斜）卷边试件提高幅度最小;试验过程中试件发生了局部屈曲、畸变屈曲与局部和畸变相关屈曲。对试验进行了有限元模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压柱畸变屈曲试验研究

本文对550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能进行了试验研究,17根试件的试验结果表明:由于试件局部屈曲一般发生在畸变屈曲之前,促使畸变屈曲提前出现,这种相关作用减弱了构件整体刚度,降低了构件承载力;澳洲规范AS/NZS 4600:1996及北美规范NAS 2004中关于发生畸变屈曲构件承载力的计算方法没有考虑局部屈曲和畸变屈曲相关作用的不利影响。依据试验结果本文提出了一种修正直接强度法的建议计算方法,该法计算结果与试验结果较为接近且偏安全。     

卷边加强冷弯型钢梁局部和畸变屈曲

设计时,应重点考虑冷弯型钢构件的屈曲特性及其导致的有效性损失,以保证结构的经济性。数值模型改进后,能够反映考虑几何缺陷、材料非线性特性、后屈曲性能等因素的冷弯型钢梁的真实屈曲特性。针对侧向约束下冷成型Z型钢梁,采用已有的有限元模型,研究钢梁卷边及其与受压翼缘的相互作用对后屈曲特性的影响。利用卷边翼缘宽度比以及卷边倾角,观测局部屈曲、畸变屈曲和局部/畸变屈曲相互作用下截面抗弯刚度的变化。评估了EC3中适用于冷成型Z型钢梁局部和畸变屈曲的设计方法的有效性。总体而言,采用EC3计算的截面抗弯刚度并不保守。指出其中的不足并提出改进建议,改善卷边受压翼缘的失稳系数。     

Influence of web members on the in-plane and out-of-plane capacities of steel storage upright frames

Global buckling behaviour, with or without interaction with distortional buckling, of storage rack members is evaluated by tests carried out according to EN 15512 (2009) [1] on compression and out-of-plane bending of upright frame modules. Based on test results for both single upright sections and frame modules, completed by numerical simulation, the present paper attempts to demonstrate that the design buckling strength of uprights can be conveniently estimated by single section tests, providing that the length of these members is calibrated for the distortional–global interaction mode.     

Effect of reinforcement stiffeners on square concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to axial compressive load

Eight stiffened square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns with slender sections of encasing steel and two non-stiffened counterparts were tested subjected to axial compressive load. Four types of reinforcement stiffeners and steel tensile strips were introduced to postpone local buckling of steel tubes, in which the tensile strip was first used as stiffener in CFSTs. The stiffening mechanism, failure modes of concrete and steel tubes, strength and ductility of stiffened square CFSTs were also studied during the experimental research. A numerical modeling program was developed and verified against the experimental data. The program incorporates the effect of the stiffeners on postponing local buckling of the tube and the tube confinement on concrete core. Extensive parametric analysis was also conducted to examine the influencing parameters on mechanical properties of stiffened square CFSTs.