CuO／ZrO2催化剂的催化性能研究

研究了粉体性能、CuO负载量及灼烧温度对CuO／ZrO2催化剂CO氧化性能的影响．结果表明,催化剂的活性随氧化铜的负载量的增加而增加,较低比表面积的ZrO2载体更容易制备高活性的催化剂,实验还发现,CuO／ZrO2催化剂的活性与载体单位表面CuO的负载量相关,CuO的负载量超过载体分散容量为75％,是制备高活性催化剂的重要条件．     

CuO／ZrO2催化剂的催化性能研究

研究了粉体性能、CuO负载量及灼烧对CuO/ZrO2催化剂CO氧化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂的活性随氧化铜的负载量的增加而增加,较低比表面积的ZrO2载体更容易制备高活性的催化剂。实验还发现,CuO/ZrO2催化剂的活性与载体单位面积CuO的负载量相关,CuO的负载量超过载体分散容量为75％,是制备高活性催化剂的重要条件。     

CuO/ATP常温脱硫剂的制备及其性能评价

用直接沉淀法制备了负载型CuO/ATP常温脱硫剂,用TEM、XRD对CuO/ATP进行了表征,并从扩散及热力学角度分析了焙烧温度、负载量、流速、硫化温度对H₂S吸附性能的影响。结果表明,CuO分散在ATP表面,而其分散状态取决于焙烧温度和负载量。焙烧温度过高或负载量过高都将导致CuO的分散性变差,降低气体在脱硫剂中的扩散速率,使得脱硫剂的活性降低。降低流速可使脱硫剂的利用率达到97%,而降低硫化温度至0℃时,脱硫剂性能仍然表现良好,硫容达到了33.17%。     

钯/铈复合金属氧化物催化氧化苯酚合成碳酸二苯酯

制备了一种用于非均相催化一步合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)所需催化剂的载体(Ce(1-x)MnxO2),并采用沉淀法制备Pd负载质量分数为0.5%的Pd/Ce(1-x)MnxO2催化剂.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面积测定(BET)等手段对载体及催化剂进行表征并考察载体制备方法、载体焙烧温度、Mn和CuO含量对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的载体Ce0.5Mn0.5O2在600 ℃下焙烧6 h时,得到的催化剂催化活性较好,DPC收率可达9.32%.载体中添加CuO有助于提高催化剂活性,当CuO添加量质量分数为9.0%, 活性组分Pd的负载量为0.5%, CO与O2压力比为97∶3时,DPC收率可达10.28%.     

磁控溅射制备Cu_(1-x)Co_xO复合氧化物的催化析氧

采用直流反应磁控溅射法制备了Cu1-xCoxO(0.02≤x≤0.14)复合氧化物电极。利用XRD、EDS和SEM分析技术对沉积氧化物的晶体结构、化学组成及表面形貌进行了表征,并利用循环伏安、线性扫描及电化学交流阻抗对沉积氧化物电极的电化学性能进行了测试。XRD分析结果显示复合氧化物Cu1-xCoxO具有CuO单斜晶体结构,不存在氧化钴独立相。电化学测试结果表明Cu1-xCoxO复合氧化物电极对水氧化反应的催化活性远高于CuO和Co3O4电极,更好的催化活性、较低的电阻和高的表面粗糙度是Cu1-xCoxO复合氧化物电极催化活性提高的主要原因。生成最优Cu1-xCoxO(0.02≤x≤0.14)复合氧化物的溅射功率为45W(Co)、100W(Cu)。     

钛酸镧氧氮化物粉体的制备与表征

以溶胶-凝胶法所制备的复合氧化物La2Ti2O7粉体为前驱体,氨气为氮化剂,制备了LaTiO2N氧氮化物粉体.采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA),X射线(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、氮吸附比表面仪(BET)、透射电镜(TEM)对前驱体氧化物和合成的氧氮化物进行了表征.结果表明:合成的氧化物La2Ti2O7粉体活性高,在900℃氮化12 h可制备出比表面积为13.51 m2/g的LaTiO2N氧氮化物粉体.随着氮化温度的升高,氧氮化物的紫外-可见吸收边界有明显的红移,纯相LaTiO2N的吸收边界为580 nm.     

CuO/HZSM-5催化溴甲烷芳构化制备芳烃

采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量(1%~7%)的CuO/HZSM-5催化剂,在固定床反应器中研究了不同反应温度、溴甲烷流量以及CuO负载量对溴甲烷芳构化催化性能的影响。采用SEM、XRD、N_2吸附脱附、TEM、XPS、TG、DSC、NH_3-TPD等技术对反应前后的催化剂进行表征。XRD结果显示活性组分CuO在HZSM-5上具有很好的分散性,并且反应后Cu晶型不变。NH_3-TPD结果显示3%的CuO负载后,催化剂强酸量增加。在CuO负载量为3%,温度为360℃,反应空速为240 ml·g~(-1)·h~(-1)条件下得到最高的芳烃收率(22.3%)。XPS结果显示反应后在催化剂上主要的积炭为石墨碳。催化剂稳定性测试结果表明反应40 h内催化活性没有明显下降。     

CuO(CoO,MnO)/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶催化剂载体的溶胶-凝胶法制备及成胶机理

采用正硅酸乙酯(tetraethyl orthosilicate,TEOS)和Cu,Co,Mn的醋酸盐溶液,通过溶胶-凝胶法、常压干燥制备了过渡金属氧化物含量高达75%(质量分数)的CuO(CoO,MnO)/siO2纳米复合气凝胶,对其成胶机理进行了分析.结果表明:制得的CuO(CoO,MnO)/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶具有SiO2气凝胶的纳米孔隙三维网络结构和高比表面积;当过渡金属醋酸盐与TEOS的比例不同时,Cu,Co和Mn能够与氧在网络结构中形成不同程度的-O-M-O一桥键连接;通过气凝胶的多孔网络分隔作用,可使更多过渡金属氧化物CuO,CoO和Mno的超细粒子均匀分散于CuO(CoO,MaO)/SiO2复合气凝胶或SiO2气凝胶骨架中.这种结构既有利于提高催化剂负载量,又能充分利用CuO,CoO和MaO的助催化作用,因此CuO(CoO,MnO)/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶可作为催化剂载体用于催化合成碳酸二苯酯及其它催化领域.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备CuO掺杂堇青石粉体材料

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CuO掺杂堇青石粉体,通过X射线衍射、粒度和扫描电镜研究了烧成温度、保温时间、CuO的掺杂量对其组织及性能的影响。结果表明,采用溶胶-凝胶法在1200℃保温2h制得堇青石粉体材料。堇青石的形成过程为非晶态→μ-堇青石→β-堇青石。在CuO的掺杂量小于15%时,随着CuO掺杂量的增大,堇青石粉体的平均粒度逐渐降低,获得的堇青石粉体为单相固溶体。但是当CuO掺杂量继续增大后,粉体的平均粒度反而增大,同时形成了第二相—石榴石晶体。     

可控负载的纳米Al@CuO核壳结构阵列铝热剂的制备

Al/CuO纳米铝热剂因具有较高的反应速度成为亚稳态分子间复合物的研究热点,但氧化剂/燃料复合均匀性、阵列负载量和热应力问题是制约其在微含能器件中应用的关键。为了制备出结构更为紧密,负载量更高的新型含能材料,通过化学刻蚀与低温(200℃)脱水的方法,以泡沫铜为基底生长出高负载量的CuO纳米线阵列结构,结合磁控溅射法制备出紧密接触的纳米Al/CuO核壳结构阵列铝热剂。利用场发射扫描电镜观测(FESEM)、X线衍射技术(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)和负载量计算显示:制备的CuO纳米线排列致密,负载量较高,且无Cu_2O的生成;结合热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)和激光点火分析了不同溅射时间Al/CuO纳米铝热剂的能量释放与点火后形貌的改变。该方法条件温和,生成的Al@CuO纳米核壳阵列结构粗长致密,韧性较好,可广泛的应用于纳米铝热剂器件中,为纳米铝热剂的应用提供了新途径。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。