X-射线荧光光谱法测定高炉渣中硅钙镁铝钛

自制样品,粉末压片,用X荧光光谱仪测定炉渣中的硅钙镁铝钛.确定了炉渣试样粒度,压片压力,压片时间.试验测定结果与熔样法测定结果一致.分析结果准确,快速,成本低,适合高炉昼夜连续生产的需要.     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定炉渣中9种组分

快速准确地测定炉渣中多种组分含量,既是冶炼生产工艺的要求,也是环境保护和冶金废弃物综合利用的要求。实验采用聚酯(PET)薄膜包裹粉末压片法制样,选取与待测样品粒度一致的炉渣标准样品与高纯物质按照不同的比例,配制成各组分含量从低到高具有一定梯度炉渣校准样品,对其拟合校准曲线,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)同时测定高炉渣、转炉渣、电炉渣或平炉渣中SiO₂、TFe、Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、TiO₂、S、P₂O₅、TMn含量的快速分析方法。PET薄膜包裹压片制样,减少了粉尘污染,把对仪器损坏的几率降到了最低,而且可以防止压片暴露在空气中,增加压片保存时间。通过调整仪器分析参数,控制试样在粒度大小方面一致以及采用OXSAS软件自带的TL+方程同时进行谱线重叠干扰校正和基体效应校正,有效地克服了炉渣复杂体系中各元素谱线干扰与基体效应,实现了粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法对炉渣各组分的测定。按照实验方法对高炉渣样品进行精密度试验,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为0.16%～2.1%。采用实验方法对高炉渣、转炉渣、电炉渣或平炉渣标准样品和实际样品进行测定,结果与认证值或熔融法测定值相吻合。     

压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定粗铜吹炼炉渣中12种组分

粗铜吹炼炉渣组分的检测没有相应的国家或行业标准可以借鉴,为此实验采用粉末压片法制样,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定粗铜吹炼炉渣组分的方法。通过试验确定分析条件为:磨样时间60s,粒度180目(84μm);压样压力25t;保压时间25s;工作电压电流60kV、50mA。为克服Pb、Sb、Bi组分的校准曲线线性差的问题,利用理论α系数和经验系数法进行了校正,各组分校准曲线的均方根偏差(RMS)和品质因子(K)均满足要求。对同一闪速粗铜吹炼炉渣压制7个压片以进行精密度试验,结果表明,对于质量分数不小于1%的常量组分,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2%;质量分数小于1%的微量组分,测定结果的RSD小于10%。对粗铜吹炼炉渣试样进行分析,测定值与其他方法的测定值基本一致,尽管Cu分析结果偏差较大,但仍能满足炉前快速分析的要求。     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定炉渣中氟钾钠硫

炉渣中的氟、钾、钠、硫可以用于润滑,防止钢水与壁黏连,也可以用来调节熔点以及判定缺陷来源。实验利用转炉渣、高炉渣、电炉渣的标准样品和准确定值的炉渣生产试样绘制校准曲线,从而建立了粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定炉渣中氟、钾、钠、硫的分析方法。通过试验确定制样条件为:试样研磨过200目(74 μm)筛,压片机的压力为20 MPa,保压时间为30 s。按照实验方法,对1个炉渣试样压片11次测量,各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.17%～3.4%;正确度验证结果表明,实验方法的检测结果与其他分析方法(高频燃烧红外吸收法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法以及离子选择电位法)的检测结果一致,可以满足炉前分析量大、分析速度快的要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定转炉渣中CaO,MgO,SiO_2

试样用硼砂镶边衬底压片 ,以铑靶的康普顿散射线强度为内标 ,X射线荧光光谱法测定转炉渣中CaO ,MgO和SiO2的含量 ,结果令人满意。     

粉末样品的粒度对压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定炉渣准确度的影响

压片-X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定炉渣的准确度常常受到粒度效应和矿物效应的影响。实验结合扫描电镜和能谱仪的检测手段,从宏观和微观的角度研究了炼钢精炼炉渣各组分在不同粒径范围的分布;对不同制备方法制得的粉末样品进行压片法和熔片法制片后采用X射线荧光光谱测定,并分析了检测结果产生差异的原因;借助ANOVA一元方差统计分析法,在0.16~0.088mm粒度范围内,讨论了粒度对不锈钢精炼渣、电炉渣、碳素钢精炼渣、电炉渣主成分的压片-X射线荧光光谱法结果的影响:同一样品的同一组分在不同粒度范围内所占份额不同,特别是氧化钙、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、氧化镁尤为显著,以至影响样品的均匀性和代表性;当样品粒度研磨至0.16~0.088mm时,粒度影响不显著,压片法测定结果趋于稳定,可满足生产检验需求。     

利用生产的炉渣样品制作X射线荧光分析曲线

为了消除X射线荧光光谱压片制样法制样存在的基体效应,利用实际生产炉渣样品与纯物质混匀技术配制内控标准样品制作校准曲线。实验室实验表明,利用滚筒混匀方式配制的样品均匀性与国家标准物质均匀性相当,且其含量与化学法测定结果一致,实现了根据实际生产样品情况灵活配制Al2O3和Ca O、Mg O系列校准样品,消除了基体效应,提高了X射线荧光光谱压片制样方法分析炉渣的准确性。     

X射线荧光光谱法在密闭鼓风炉炉渣分析中的应用

研究了用X射线荧光光谱法测定密闭鼓风炉炉渣 ,样品直接压片不经化学处理。用经验系数法校正试样的基体效应。以密闭鼓风炉工艺生产过程中采集的样品制备的标样 ,其浓度与X射线强度的线性相关系数均在 0.98以上 ,测定结果与化学法结果相符。相对标准偏差均低于 3.1 6%。     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定高炉渣中的Al2O3

介绍了用X射线荧光光谱法测定高炉渣中的Al2O3,试样采用粉末压片制成.该方法简便、快速、准确、可靠.     

转炉渣压片分析法基体效应消减方法

为使转炉渣压片法分析结果更加及时和可靠,遴选实际生产中的转炉渣样品作为标准物质的替代品,绘制分析曲线,并校正,分析转炉渣成分,通过优化部分样品制备环节的条件参数,消减了基体干扰因素对分析结果的影响,保证了转炉渣分析数据的准确性。     

高Al2O3含量的高炉渣熔化性能研究

以首钢现场高炉渣为基础渣样,采用三角锥试样变形法,在高Al2O3含量的条件下研究了炉渣二元碱度、Al2O3含量及MgO含量对高炉渣熔化性能的影响.结果表明：三角锥试样变形法可以使炉渣试样的熔化变形过程更明显,特征温度的判断也更加准确;炉渣二元碱度（1.0～1.25）以及Al2O3含量（15％ ～ 22％）增加均会使炉渣熔化性温度出现较为明显的升高;适当地增加MgO含量可以在一定程度上改善炉渣的熔化性能.     

Simulation of primary-slag melting behavior in the cohesive zone of a blast furnace, considering the effect of Al2O3, Fe t O, and basicity in the sinter ore

The alumina content in the iron ore imported to Japan is increasing year by year, and some problems in blast furnace operation, due to the use of the high-alumina-containing sinter, have already been reported. In order to clarify the mechanism of the harmful effect of alumina on the blast furnace operation, the behavior of the primary melt, which is formed in the sinter at the cohesive zone of the blast furnace, has been simulated by dripping slag through an iron or oxide funnel. The effects of basicity, Al₂O₃, and Fe _t O contents in the five slag systems on the dripping temperature and weight of slag remaining on the funnel have been discussed. It was found that the eutectic melt formed in the sinter would play an important role in the dripping behavior of the slag in the blast furnace through the fine poreosity of the reduced iron and ore particles. Al₂O₃ increased the weight of the slag remaining on the funnel, and its effect became very significant in the acidic and low-Fe _t O-containing slag. It was estimated that the increase of the weight of the slag remaining on the funnel by Al₂O₃ in the ore could result in a harmful effect on the permeability resistance and an indirect reduction rate of the sinter in the blast furnace.     

Evaluation of Sulfur Addition to the High Basicity Slag on the Sulfur,Aluminum, and Cleanliness of High Sulfur Al‐Killed Molten Steel

In the present work, the influence of sulfur addition to the high basicity slag on the Al‐killed molten steel with high sulfur content was investigated by using a vacuum induction furnace at 1873 K in MgO crucibles. CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–CaS slags were used to study the effect of high basicity slags with different CaS contents on sulfur loss, aluminum loss, and total oxygen content in the molten steel. It is shown that the sulfur content in the molten steel decreased with the time, and the addition of CaS into the slag can reduce the sulfur loss in the molten steel. Moreover, there was a decreasing tendency of the aluminum content in the molten steel with the time, and the addition of CaS into the slag can reduce the aluminum loss in the molten steel. Total oxygen content in the molten steel first increased and then decreased with the time when no CaS was added into the slag. However, it decreased monotonically with the time when the addition of CaS was made into the slag.     

Fe_tO－TiO_2渣系作用浓度计算模型

根据炉渣结构的共存理论以及相图，分别推导了ＦｅＯ－ＴｉＯ＿２，ＦｅＯ－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３ＴｉＯ＿２渣系作用浓度计算模型，将计算的炉渣氧化能力与实测结果相比较，取得了满意的结果，从而证明了此模型的正确性。     

Study of Interfacial Tension between Molten Steel and Na_2O-Li_2O-SiO_ 2-B_2O_3 Slag

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精炼渣钙组分乙酸浸出制备钙基CO2吸附材料

关键词： CO2; 高炉煤气; 乙酸浸出; 钙基吸附剂; 精炼渣     

钒在高炉炉渣中还原过程的研究

钒钛磁铁矿中的钒主要是以V尖晶石的形态存在。热力学计算表明：钒氧化物的还原在铁氧化物还原完成后才能开始进行,高炉渣内的V只能用C直接还原。对V在高炉炉渣中的还原过程进行了研究,找出了炉渣温度、炉渣CaO／SiO2、MgO、Al2O3和TiO2含量对V还原过程的影响。     

利用炼钢渣来增殖海藻的初探

在钢铁生产过程中产生大量的废渣、排放大量的CO2;大气中CO2气体的增多造成温室效应,使得全球气温升高。转炉渣中含有对藻类植物生长有益的营养元素,如果可以利用转炉渣作为营养源来增殖藻类固定CO2,既利用了钢渣,又能够减少大气中的CO2。研究用1号炉渣和2号转炉渣对于扁胞藻进行了一级培养和对螺旋藻进行了一级、二级培养。结果表明,加入转炉渣可以增殖扁胞藻和螺旋藻;在螺旋藻的一级培养中,1号转炉渣的最佳加入量为0.4 g/L,2号转炉渣为0.06 g/L;同时要考虑到加入转炉渣后透光度对海藻生长的影响。     

Effect of the Slag Composition on the Process Behavior,Energy Consumption,and Nonmetallic Inclusions during Electroslag Remelting

Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an important process to produce high-quality tool steels. The slag composition has a strong effect on the remelting behavior, particularly on energy consumption and the removal of nonmetallic inclusions (NMI). The latter aspect is strongly related to chemical reactions between the slag and the metal and determines the necessary composition of the slag. Also, the electrical conductivity of the slag is determined by the slag composition, and a high resistivity is desirable. The effect of different slag compositions with 0%–60% CaF₂ and a corresponding wide range of electrical conductivities is investigated regarding slag movement, slag surface temperature, and slag skin thickness, as well as their impact on chemical reactions and the removal of NMI. Therefore, a laboratory-scale ESR unit and the plastic mold steel X40Cr14 are used for the experimental trials. The results show a strong impact on the remelting behavior as well as on the specific energy consumption ranging from ≈900 to over 1700 kWh h⁻¹. The findings from the chemical analysis and detection of NMI indicate that a similar metallurgical behavior is feasible, leading to comparable amounts of dominantly Al₂O₃–MgO-type inclusions with some variation due to different activities in the slag.     

高炉渣处理和热能回收的现状及发展方向

评述了因巴法（INBA）、图拉法（TYNA）、底滤法（OCP）、拉萨法（RASA）等国内外高炉渣处理的方法及回收高炉渣热量的物理法和化学法。认为目前的高炉渣处理存在新水消耗大、炉渣物理热无法回收和二氧化硫、硫化氢等污染物排放的问题,且在已研究的回收炉渣热量的方法中,未考虑处理后炉渣的应用或存在设备损耗大、热量回收率低等问题。拟开发的高炉渣干法粒化技术有望同时解决其渣粒化及热量回收的问题,是高炉渣处理利用的发展趋势。