大型露天磷矿数字矿床系统

"数字矿山"作为信息时代的必然产物,在矿业中发挥出越来越大的作用,通过数字化矿山建设实现矿产资源储量的可持续管理,是矿业发展的目标和方向.依据云南磷化集团昆阳磷矿地质报告、地形地质图、剖面图等相关资料,研究昆阳磷矿矿床分布空间关系,采用DIMINE矿业软件,建立不同数据信息表,并进行错误校正,然后依次将上述信息导入DIMINE软件,生成钻孔地质数据库.利用地形地质图和钻孔数据库建立昆阳磷矿四采区的地形模型、三维实体模型,通过块段模型,并对不同品级矿石赋予各块段不同的体重值,运用距离幂估值地质统计法进行储量估算,实现资源储量估值.     

基于Surpac的矿山三维地质建模及可视化过程研究

矿山三维地质建模与可视化技术研究是"数字矿山"的核心组成部分,是现代矿山信息化研究的热点和重点.从三维地质建模的概念出发,通过沂南金矿预测项目的具体实践,探讨了基于Surpac软件的矿山三维地质建模及可视化的一般过程,包括地质数据库的建立,实体模型、品位块体模型的创建等,重点探讨了建模过程中地质数据库的设计、地质解译、矿体储量估算的方法与技术,为矿区成矿规律的研究和成矿预测提供了有效的技术手段,大大提高了矿产勘查的效率,促进了我国矿山信息化的建设.     

基于钻孔数据的三维地质建模及可视化系统3DGMS的设计与实现

矿山三维地质建模及可视化是实施数字矿山战略的关键技术,其软件系统的研究与实现对于矿山企业的可持续发展具有极其重要的意义.基于OpenGL图形库和VC++6.0开发平台,从系统目标要求、体系结构和功能模块等几方面设计和开发了基于钻孔数据的三维地质建模及可视化系统3DGMS,实现了地层、矿体、断层、地表和巷道等三维模型的创建与可视化显示,以及灵活的三维视图控制和针对地质模型基本的空间查询、量算、空间剖切、动态模拟等空间分析功能,为我国矿山三维地质建模及可视化软件的设计提供了参考,有益于促进我国矿山信息化的建设.     

带精细属性特征的矿体实体模型动态构建方法

以地质统计学理论为基本工具,以三维栅格形式的矿体块体模型向其矢量形式的矿体几何结构模型转换,提出了一种矿体实体模型构建方法——克里格块体（KB）法.该方法对矿体内部相对稳定的矿石属性的空间分布情况进行了详细考查和评估;对特定约束条件下矿体三维块体模型的外部形态进行提取和重构,实现矿体实体模型的动态构建、更新及其表面地质属性的精细表达.理论分析和实际应用结果表明：对于大数多矿山,KB法都能够达到所期望的动态建模效果.     

基于钻孔数据的矿体三维可视化研究与实现

建立矿体三维可视化模型是数字化矿山的重要内容，对矿山生产、地质分析有着十分重要的作用.提出了基于钻孔数据的断面 不规则三角网 广义三棱柱(Section Triangle Irregular Net Generalized Tri Prism，Section TIN GTP)混合矿体建模方法，该模型既可以用TIN表示矿体的表面模型，又可以用GTP表示矿体的内部实体结构；利用边界轮廓控制点的对称性，提出了基于领域知识的由剖面轮廓构建三维模型的快速算法；并设计实现了矿体三维建模系统，该系统通过自动绘制和交互式修改勘探线剖面图将专家的知识经验融入实际的矿体建模中，提高了矿体建模的精度；最后利用该系统展示了一个实际矿体的三维可视化模型.     

基于Biased-SVM和Poisson曲面矿体三维自动建模方法

矿体三维建模是数字矿山的基础和核心.为了提高建模效率,减少人工干预,提出了基于偏差支持向量机(Biased-SVM)和Poisson曲面的矿体隐式自动三维建模方法.该方法通过对原始钻孔数据的学习建立最优分类函数,将离散化的建模空间内任意点分类为矿体外与矿体内;在此基础上提取矿体边界点,计算点云法向,建立表征矿体模型几何信息的有向点集;结合矿体点云模型采用Poisson曲面法建立矿体边界指示函数,并提取等值面形成矿体模型.针对不同矿体钻孔数据,采用该方法建立矿体模型,并与传统显式建模方法进行对比分析.结果表明:提出的方法具有人工干预少、自动化程度高、模型表达自然光滑等优点,为矿体的自动建模与更新提供了一条有效途径.     

河北金厂峪金矿床的数字矿床三维模型构建与空间展布规律分析

金厂峪金矿床的围岩为斜长角闪片麻岩和角闪岩类岩石,其遭受动力变质后形成片岩带与矿体密切相关。以探矿者软件为工作平台,建立了该矿床的三维数字矿床模型。通过收集和整理研究区的地质图、地形图、勘探线地质剖面图、钻孔柱状图,建立地质数据库;在此基础上,系统分析区域地质背景,总结区域成矿规律和控矿要素,构建主要控矿地质体的三维实体模型。从模型中清晰可见矿体主要赋存在片岩带中,且严格受构造控制,呈脉状产出,从而证实了三维数字矿床模型的有效性。     

水利水电工程3维地质建模系统一体化设计

针对水利水电三维地质建模软件在地质信息数据库与建模系统分离的弱点,提出结合三维地质数据库与三维建模软件交互设计的方法,并在CATIA软件上开发了适用于水利水电工程的三维地质建模平台。利用Microsoft SQL 8.0软件建立了三维地质建模数据库,能实现数据录入、查询、删除、EXCEL模版导入导出等功能,利用Visual Basic.net软件搭建了三维地质建模平台,包括三维地质建模中所需的覆盖层、地质层、水文层、模型分析等基本模块,并将三维地质建模数据库嵌入到三维地质建模平台中,实现钻孔数据导入、虚拟钻孔、以及三维地质模型的任意剖切出图等功能。实现了三维地质建模数据库与三维建模平台一体化的设计理念。     

矿山地质资料数据库管理系统的建立及应用

矿山地质数据具有数据量大、复杂、非结构化数据多等显著特征,准确、便捷地管理、查询、利用地质资料是矿山地质资料管理工作的一个难点。从我国矿山地质资料管理工作的实际出发,开发了界面友好、易学易操作的矿山地质资料数据库管理系统,该系统还能与MicroMine软件兼容,将地质数据转化为矿体三维模型。目前．该系统已在云南个旧、广西大厂两个世界级大矿山得到了较好的应用。     

基于GPR试验数据和CATIA的三维地质建模

地质雷达(GPR)在水利水电工程地质勘探中得到了越来越广泛的使用,并且目前地质雷达勘探产生的地质解释图多被处理为二维图片.以湖南某工程坝址处5个剖面的地质雷达二维地质解释图为基础资料,使用Visual Basic语言以及三维建模软件CATIA的逆向工程模块,建立了研究区的三维地质模型,并实现了地质模型的数字钻孔与切片.首先用Visual Basic语言编程提取CAD地质解释图中的有用信息,然后将信息输入CATIA,使用CATIA中Part Design、GSD、DSE、QSR等工作台,建立研究区的三维地质模型,最后在GSD工作台中实现三维地质模型的数字钻孔与切片.数字切片与原地质解释图的对比显示,基于CATIA的三维地质建模与实际情况较为相符,CATIA在水利水电工程的三维可视化以及全过程的协同设计方面将有广阔的应用前景.     

Deposit 3D modeling and application

By the aid of the international mining software SURPAC, a geologic database for a multi-metal mine was established, 3D models of the surface, geologic fault, ore body, cavity and the underground openings were built, and the volume of the cavity of the mine based on the cavity 3D model was calculated. In order to compute the reserves, a grade block model was built and each metal element grade was estimated using Ordinary Kriging. Then, the reserve of each metal element and every sublevel of the mine was worked out. Finally, the calculated result of each metal reserve to its actual prospecting reserve was compared, and the results show that they are all almost equal to each other. The absolute errors of Sn, Pb, and Zn reserves are only 1.45%, 1.59% and 1.62%, respectively. Obviously, the built models are reliable and the calculated results of reserves are correct. They can be used to assist the geologic and mining engineers of the mine to do research work of reserves estimation, mining design, plan making and so on.     

可控源音频大地电磁法在凡口铅锌矿中的应用

凡口矿接替资源勘查项目重点在于矿区深部和外围隐伏矿体的勘探,可控源音频大地电磁法（CSAMT）的应用是矿山多种地球物理方法研究中的一种。由于矿区存在严重的人文干扰因素,音频大地电磁法（AMT）对于较深部的地质特征不容易分辨出来,CSAMT较好地解决了这个问题。在无有效的地质剖面的前提下,通过使用GDP--32U在测区成矿靶区布置的4条CSAMT实验剖面,进行物探异常的定性分类解释和地质推断来设计钻孔。截止目前13个钻孔的勘探结果,90％的钻孔均有不同厚度（1～14）m的铅锌铜矿体,初见效果,拓展了矿区深部勘查手段的思路。     

矿业软件在矿产储量评价中的应用

矿产储量评价的基本内容是建立矿床地质模型进行品位估计和储量分类分级．地质控制条件限制是矿床建模的重要手段。地质统计学方法是矿块品位估计以及储量分级等的有效方法．国内的应用实例表明。国际先进矿业软件是矿产储量评价的先进工具，应用矿业软件进行矿产储量评价是市场经济的需要。     

Application of 3D Visual Techniques in Daliuta Coal Mine

3D visualization is one of major problems in ＂Digital Mine＂ theory and its technological research field. Through the observation of 3D geological models, spatial structural information, connected with the information of production management hidden in geological data, could be detected. In order to meet the requirement of more efficient coal exploration, a case study of geological characters of the Daliuta Coal Mine is presented in which 3D visual models of the ground surface and geologic bodies are established on the basis of data models and data structures of 3D geology modeling. The main conclusions of this study are as follows： （1） Through analysis and organization of spatial discrete data, the drillhole database is designed with the data of the Daliuta mine; the connections amomg drillhole data are realized and displayed in a 3D environment. （2） Combining real data of the Daliuta mine, drillhole visualization is realized in a 3D environment by using the CoalMiner system. （3） The ground surface modeling of the Daliuta coal mine adopted a surface-data model and a TIN data structure. （4） 3D models of coal seams and rock formations of the Daliuta mine are established, which provide a method for the simulation of complex surfaces of geologic bodies. In the end, the models are applied to the Daliuta coal mine and the result shows that better geological effects are obtained.     

某铀矿山独立矿区Ⅲ#矿体采矿方法选择

某铀矿山现采区铀资源的开发已接近尾声,开采该矿山独立矿区的Ⅲ#铀矿体已是当务之急．本文根据该矿体的赋存条件,采用经验类比法,对适合于开采该矿体的低成本、高效率的采矿方法进行了探讨．     

基于地质三维模拟的攀枝花铁矿块体模型储量估算

攀枝花铁矿属于基性岩浆侵入晚期分异型矿床,其地质环境极其复杂。采用3DMine矿业软件作为平台,对攀枝花尖山矿区地质勘探资料进行全面整理并建库,针对矿区深部铁矿体具有韵律性、顺岩层、单斜产出等特点,改变传统矿体圈定方法,从新的角度探索并建立了尖山矿区的地表模型、构造模型、矿体模型、矿带模型、地质工程模型等,实现了地质体的三维可视化。基于矿体的块体模型、依据采样点的品位信息空间分布形态而采用改进的克里格估算方法,对矿区铁矿储量的估算更为合理。     

Integrating artificial neural networks and geostatistics for optimum 3D geological block modeling in mineral reserve estimation:A case study

In this research,a method called ANNMG is presented to integrate Artificial Neural Networks and Geostatistics for optimum mineral reserve evaluation.The word ANNMG simply means Artificial Neural Network Model integrated with Geostatiscs.In this procedure,the Artificial Neural Network was trained,tested and validated using assay values obtained from exploratory drillholes.Next,the validated model was used to generalize mineral grades at known and unknown sampled locations inside the drilling region respectively.Finally,the reproduced and generalized assay values were combined and fed to geostatistics in order to develop a geological 3D block model.The regression analysis revealed that the predicted sample grades were in close proximity to the actual sample grades.The generalized grades from the ANNMG show that this process could be used to complement exploration activities thereby reducing drilling requirement.It could also be an effective mineral reserve evaluation method that could produce optimum block model for mine design.     

An automatic unified modeling method of geological object and engineering object based on tri-prism(TP)

For the interaction relation between geological object and engineering object in some fields related to water conservancy and hydropower, a unified modeling idea was proposed. On the basis of summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of existing modeling methods, an automatic unified modeling method of both engineering and geological objects based on tri-prism(TP) model was presented. Through the lossless correction algorithm of deviated drill holes contained in this method, the real deviated drill holes could be corrected into the equivalent virtual vertical ones. And the correction accuracy fully meets the requirements of unified modeling. With the virtual vertical drilling data, TIN construction of both cover layer and other stratums would be built in order to obtain the 3D geological model. Then, the engineering design data would be introduced into the 3D geological model for achieving unified modeling. For this process, the volume subdividing and restructuring principles were introduced to deal with the spatial relationships between engineering object and geological object. In order to improve the efficiency of unified modeling, the reconstruction of TIN based on constraint information was also applied in this method. At last, the feasibility and validation of the unified modeling method as well as its relevant key algorithms were verified by specific experiments and analysis of results.