钙磷系统生物陶瓷粉末的制备

综述了羟基膦灰石、β－磷酸三钙、α－磷酸三钙生物陶瓷粉末的制备方法及其性能。     

骨组织工程支架材料磷酸钙双相生物陶瓷的研究进展

双相磷酸钙(biphasic calcium phosphate,BCP)生物陶瓷材料在整型外科领域是一类重要的骨修复材料。该材料由稳定相羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)和可溶解相β-磷酸三钙(β-tricalcium phosphate,β-TCP)双相平衡优化得到,其生物活性及生物降解性可调。模拟人体自然骨结构的多孔型BCP适宜细胞及骨组织的长入,是一类优异的骨组织工程支架材料。概述了BCP生物陶瓷材料的研究历史、制备工艺及材料表征;评价了多孔型BCP陶瓷的孔隙结构、力学性能及生物学性能;综合了多孔型BCP陶瓷作为骨组织工程支架材料的研究方向;并展望了组织工程化的BCP支架材料的研究未来。     

多孔β—磷酸三钙生物陶瓷的理化性能

通过Ｘ射线衍射光谱Ｘ光电子能谱,扫描电子显微仪原子吸收光谱仪和电子万能试验仪等,检测了用作人工骨的多孔β－磷酸三钙生物陶瓷的相态,Ｃａ／Ｐ比,结构形貌,孔径尺寸,抗压强度,孔隙率和溶解度等。     

磷石膏还原制备硫化钙的研究

利用磷石膏为主要原料,在有煤为还原剂的条件下,经还原焙烧制备出硫化钙。对影响磷石膏中硫酸钙还原率的因素,如无烟煤和磷石膏的质量比、物料细度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等进行了研究,得到了磷石膏用无烟煤还原制备硫化钙的优化条件。     

磷石膏钙渣制备轻质碳酸钙工艺研究

本文在磷石膏生产硫酸工艺基础上,采用磷石膏钙渣为原料制备高品质轻质碳酸钙,结果表明:在Ca(OH)2乳液质量浓度为90g/L,碳化温度为30℃,CO2流量为1.2L/h,碳化搅拌速度为2100r/min的条件下,制备的碳酸钙产品的沉降体积和pH值最优。电镜扫描发现,产品粒径大小均匀,呈球形。理化分析其品质达到HG/T2226-2000《工业沉淀碳酸钙》优等品标准要求。     

多孔磷酸三钙生物陶瓷的研制

本研究通过改变多孔磷酸三钙（ＰＴＣＰ）生物陶瓷的组成及制备工艺,制得了性能优良的ＰＴＣＰ生物陶瓷。采用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＭＴＳ陶瓷实验系统等现代测试技术对ＰＴＣＰ的微观结构、组成及性能进行了分析研究,并探讨了影响ＰＴＣＰ生物陶瓷的生物医学性能及物理性能的因素。     

用磷石膏还原制备硫化钙的研究

介绍了利用磷石膏作为主要原料、煤作为还原剂的条件下,经还原焙烧制备硫化钙的过程.对影响磷石膏中硫酸钙还原率的因素,如磷石膏与无烟煤的质量比、物料细度、焙烧温度及焙烧时间等,进行了研究,得到了磷石膏用无烟煤还原制备硫化钙的优化条件.     

钛合金表面钙磷生物医学陶瓷涂层的稳定性

本文对钛合金表面钙磷生物医学陶瓷涂层失效的原因进行了分析。认为改善涂层稳定性是比提高涂层结合强度更重要的研究课题。引入致密、化学性能稳定的中间层,进行涂层组成和孔结构的梯度设计及采用多种涂层技术的复合是解决涂层稳定性的方向。     

双相磷酸钙多孔陶瓷的制备

以羟基磷灰石为原料,壳聚糖微球为成孔剂,明胶为分散剂,采用注浆法制备多孔双相磷酸钙陶瓷。通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对烧结体相组成、微观结构、孔径和孔分布进行了分析和观察。结果表明：起始粉末粒径为260nm的试样,在：1000℃～1180℃范围内烧结,可获得不同β-TCP/HA比的双相多孔陶瓷。与单相β-TCP陶瓷相比,β-TCP／HA双相多孔陶瓷的断口呈现出凸凹不平。     

交流阻抗谱研究钙磷陶瓷电沉积层的结构

用交流阻抗技术研究了不同电沉积时间的钙磷陶瓷沉积层。结果表明，沉积时间不同的陶瓷沉积层的交流阻抗谱存在显著的差别。采用双层结构物理模型，对不同沉积时间陶瓷沉积层的交流阻抗谱进行计算机拟合，得到的等效电路各元件拟合值显示：电极表面钙磷陶瓷为内密外疏型梯度沉积层。在陶瓷电沉积过程中，钙磷晶粒同时沉积于距电极表面不同距离的部位，沉积层厚度增加的同时内层密度也在逐渐增加，整个 只层的梯度结构处于动态变化之中。     

不同烧结温度制备的双相磷酸钙生物陶瓷及其力学性能研究

以煅烧缺钙磷灰石制备的双相磷酸钙(BCP)粉体为原料,采用热压烧结的方法制备了一种可用于骨替代、力学性能优良的生物陶瓷材料.研究了烧结温度对BCP陶瓷力学性能、物相组成和微观形貌的影响.当烧结温度为1100℃和1150℃时,BCP陶瓷的物相组成为HA和β-TCP,断裂方式以穿晶断裂为主;当烧结温度为1200℃时,BCP陶瓷的物相组成为HA和α-TCP,断裂方式为穿晶和沿晶混合断裂模式.当烧结温度为1150℃时,BCP陶瓷的弯曲强度和断裂韧性最高,分别为98 MPa和0.99 MPa·m1/2.     

Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics with Various Porosities and Dissolution Rates

Porous bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic HA/TCP, were fabricated using the polyurethane sponge technique. The porosity of the ceramics was controlled by a multiple coating of the porous body. When a porous body was produced by a single coating, the porosity was ∼90%, and the pores were completely interconnected. When the sintered body was coated five times after the porous network had been made, the porosity decreased to 65%. As the porosity decreased, the strength increased exponentially. The TCP exhibited the highest dissolution rate in a Ringer's solution, and the HA had the lowest rate. The biphasic HA/TCP showed an intermediate dissolution rate.     

Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Variable-Type Biphasic Ceramic Phosphate Scaffolds Using rhBMP-2

Our aim was to investigate the bone regeneration capacity of powder-type biphasic ceramic scaffold (BCP powder), block-type BCP (BCP block), and collagen-added block-type BCP (BCP collagen) with different concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in an animal model. Four rabbits were assigned to each of the following groups: no graft + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), BCP powder + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), BCP block + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), and BCP collagen + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), i.e., a total of 32 rabbits. Polycarbonate tubes (Φ 7 mm × 5 mm) for supporting scaffolds were fixed into a 7 mm round border. Subsequently, 0.1 mL of rhBMP-2 solutions with different concentrations was injected into the tubes. Both radiological and histomorphometric analyses showed that osteogenesis was not enhanced by increasing the concentration of rhBMP-2 in all groups at both 3 and 6 weeks. Radiological analysis showed that bone formation was higher in the BCP collagen group than in the BCP powder and BCP block groups at both rhBMP-2 concentrations at 3 weeks. rhBMP-2 enhanced bone formation; however, as the concentration increased, bone formation could not be enhanced infinitely. Collagen-added alloplastic graft material may be useful for mediating rapid bone formation in initial stages.     

无水磷酸氢钙的制备研究

研究以二水磷酸氢钙为原料,采用煅烧法生产无水磷酸氢钙。通过生成的水蒸汽压,煅烧时间为3h,煅烧温度140℃,产品质量可达孟山都公司食品用无水磷酸氢钙标准。     

可降解磷酸钙生物陶瓷的研究进展

综述了多孔生物陶瓷的制备工艺，同时介绍了对生物降解陶瓷主要的研究方法，包括体外模拟实验及体内埋植实验，最后还总结了国内外关于生物降解陶瓷的理论成果。     

Resolving the Interface of Calcium Phosphate Formation on the Porous Bioceramics In Vitro

Porous bioceramics have been widely studied for bone tissue engineering. A deep understanding on the mechanism of bone growth and biomineralization depends on the extracted interface information between the new precipitated calcium phosphates (CaPs) and the porous substrate at a nanometer scale. However, due to their intrinsic brittleness and the complexity of the sample shape, there is still lack of such information. Here, by a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in‐situ cross‐sectional electron transparent interface was prepared. The precipitated dense apatite layer is composed of individual microgranules which further consist of tiny flake‐like crystals. The new crystallites grow along c‐axis and are mostly oriented perpendicular to HA substrate. This preferred orientation is more pronounced in the presence of protein. This work offers a novel and feasible approach using FIB‐TEM to in situ image porous bioceramic scaffold and precipitated apatite layer interface and can be extended to study many other biointerfaces.     

磷酸钙纤维的制备方法及其材料研究进展

本文详细综述了磷酸钙纤维或晶须的制备方法,分析了各种制备方法的特点,并对磷酸钙纤维或晶须增强材料的应用研究进行了阐述.     

Comparison of Injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and a Bovine Xenograft in Socket Preservation: Qualitative and Quantitative Histologic Study in Humans

This study is the first histologic evaluation of an injectable biphasic calcium phosphate (IBCP) in humans six months after socket preservation according to the principles of guided bone regeneration. After tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge of 21 patients was augmented with IBCP (maxresorb^® inject) in the test group, while 20 patients in the control group received a bovine xenograft (BX) (cerabone^®). Six months after augmentation, a reentry procedure was performed to collect biopsies of regenerated bone for qualitative and quantitative histologic analysis. A total of 20 biopsies were taken for analysis. Qualitative histologic analysis showed complete integration of the biomaterial and no inflammatory tissue reaction, indicating the biocompatibility of the bone grafts and the surrounding tissue in both groups. Histomorphometric analysis showed comparable results in terms of newly formed bone (IBCP: 26.47 ± 14.71%, BX: 30.47 ± 16.39%) and residual biomaterial (IBCP: 13.1 ± 14.07%, BX: 17.89 ± 11.81%), with no significant difference found across groups (p > 0.05, Mann—Whitney U test). Statistical significance between groups was found in the result of soft tissue percentage (IBCP: 60.43 ± 12.73%, BX: 51.64 ± 14.63%, p = 0.046, Mann—Whitney U test). To conclude, IBCP and BX showed good osteoconductivity and biocompatibility with comparable new bone formation six months after alveolar ridge preservation.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene Nanocomposites Filled with Nano Calcium Phosphate

The synthesized nano calcium phosphate by matrix mediated growth and controlled technique was used as nanofiller in the preparation of polypropylene nanocomposites. Nanocomposites with different filler concentrations were prepared. The content of nano calcium phosphate was varied from 1 to 3 wt% in the preparation of PP nanocomposites. During preparation of nanocomposites shear rate was varied by means of increase in rpm, i.e., 60, 70, 80 and 90 with the help of Brabender Plastograph and the effect of shear rate was studied with respective to mechanical and thermal properties of composites. The comprehensive evaluation of the PP nanocomposites filled with nano calcium phosphate was done to observe the substantial improvement in the performance properties. The mechanical and thermal properties were determined by Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), respectively. The morphology of the fracture surfaces of the prepared PP nanocomposites filled with nano calcium phosphate was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

Novel Silver-Functionalized Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds Designed to Counteract Post-Surgical Infections in Orthopedic Applications

In this study, we designed and developed novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based biomaterials, for use as bone scaffolds, through modification with both biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), to impart bioactive/bioresorbable properties, and with silver nitrate, to provide antibacterial protection against Staphylococcus aureus, a microorganism involved in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the samples were characterized by square-shaped macropores, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of PCL and BCP phases, while inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) established the release of Ag⁺ in the medium (~0.15–0.8 wt% of initial Ag content). Adhesion assays revealed a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in both adherent and planktonic staphylococci on the Ag-functionalized biomaterials, and the presence of an inhibition halo confirmed Ag release from enriched samples. To assess the potential outcome in promoting bone integration, preliminary tests on sarcoma osteogenic-2 (Saos-2) cells indicated PCL and BCP/PCL biocompatibility, but a reduction in viability was observed for Ag-added biomaterials. Due to their combined biodegrading and antimicrobial properties, the silver-enriched BCP/PCL-based scaffolds showed good potential for engineering of bone tissue and for reducing PJIs as a microbial anti-adhesive tool used in the delivery of targeted antimicrobial molecules, even if the amount of silver needs to be tuned to improve osteointegration.