热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的组织分析

对热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的铸态及热处理组织进行了观察、分析和讨论。结果表明：热型连铸锌铝合金线材的显微组织为定向生长的平行柱状枝晶组织;共晶合金ZA5的枝状芥是的每个枝晶都由多层片状共晶β和η两相构成,过共晶合金的组织为初生树枝晶和枝晶间共晶组织,其中ZA8,ZA12初生相为β相,ZA22和ZA27的初生相是α相。     

锌铝合金热型连铸定向凝固的组织和性能

热型连铸锌铝合金线材定向凝固实验研究结果表明 :热型连铸锌铝合金线材显微组织为定向生长的平行柱状枝晶。共晶合金ZA5共晶的枝晶都由多层片状β和η两相构成 ,过共晶合金的组织为先共晶相枝晶和枝晶间共晶 ,与普通铸造材料相比 ,抗拉强度和硬度显著提高 ,但伸长率有所下降。从ZA5到ZA12、ZA2 2和ZA2 7,强度依次递升 ,其中ZA2 7的综合力学性能最佳。退火可使枝晶偏析减少 ,虽然强度略有降低 ,但塑性可得到改善     

锌侣合金热型连铸定向凝固的组织和性能

热型连铸锌铝合金线材定向凝固实验研究结果表明：热型连铸锌铝合金线材显微组织为定向生长的平行柱状枝晶。共晶合金ZA5共晶的枝晶都由多层片状β和η两相构成,过共晶合金的组织为先共晶相枝晶和枝晶间共晶,与普通铸造材料相比,抗拉强度和硬度显著提高,但伸长率有所下降。从ZA5到ZA12、ZA22和ZA27,强度依次递升,其中ZA27的综合力学性能最佳。退火可使枝晶偏析减少,虽然强度略有降低,但塑性可得到改善。     

热型连铸L401铝合金焊丝组织及其堆焊层的耐磨性

利用热型连铸法(OCC),拉铸出4mm表面光滑的铝合金线材.以该线材为焊料,用钨极氩弧焊堆焊ZL117,并进行耐磨性试验.用金相显微镜,XRD衍射仪并结合相图分析线材和焊接接头组织.结果表明,热型连铸L401铝合金线材显微组织由定向生长的近平行柱状枝晶α-Al和枝晶间二元共晶(α-Al Si)和三元共晶(α-Al Si CuAl2)组成.由于堆焊层中含有大量CuAl2和Si相,堆焊层的硬度显著提高,其耐磨性是ZL117的43倍.     

热型连铸CuAlNi形状记忆合金线材的组织与力学性能

在自制的热型连铸设备上,制备出了直径为2.6mm的CuAlNi形状记忆合金线材.并对线材的组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:连铸速度对CuAlNi合金线材的组织和性能有决定性影响.当铸型温度为1100～1150℃、连铸速度为75 mm/min、冷却距离为15mm、冷却水量为60 L/h时,可制备出表面质量良好的CuAlNi形状记忆合金线材.热型连铸技术制备的CuAlNi形状记忆合金线材的抗拉强度为288MPa,断后伸长率为9.43％.     

Mg-9Li双相合金中共晶组织的形成及力学反应

在Mg-9Li双相合金中添加0.5wt.% Ca元素,通过磁悬浮熔炼及铜模吸铸方法熔炼制备了共晶型Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金。组织观察表明,常规Mg-9Li双相合金中形成的?-Mg相为粗大短板条状,取向随机、均匀无序分布于?-Li 基体中。而Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金中形成了棒状交替排列的（?-Mg ?-Li）共晶团组织,在共晶团内?-Mg相呈长纤维状（长径比~100）、并以一定取向定向排列;相比于Mg-9Li合金,共晶?-Mg相纤维间距及纤维直径显著减小、组织明显细化,?-Mg相体积分数显著增加;同时,大量纳米、亚微米级Mg2Ca颗粒均匀弥散分布于?-Mg、?-Li晶粒内及两相界面上。由此导致具有该共晶组织的Mg-9Li-0.5Ca合金相比于Mg-9Li合金室温拉伸屈服强度提高3%、抗拉强度提高3.5%,伸长率提高50%,力学性能显著增加。分析表明,微量Ca元素的添加和铜模吸铸产生的较快的冷却速度,诱发Mg-9Li双相中细小（?-Mg ?-Li）共晶组织的形成,显著提高力学性能。     

GZ121和GWZ1241的显微组织和相组成研究

通过光学显微镜（OM）、电子显微镜（SEM和TEM）研究了两种变形镁合金GZ121（Mg-12Gd-1Zn-0．5Zr）和GWZ1241（Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0．5Zr）的显微组织和相组成。结果表明：GZ121的铸态显微组织由α-Mg晶粒和沿晶界网状连续分布的粗大、发达的树枝状共晶相组成。而GWZ1241的铸态显微组织由α-Mg晶粒和沿晶界不连续分布的细小、均匀的共晶相和两种非平衡相组成。Y的加入显著细化共晶组织。结合SEM-EDS和TEM-EDS分析可发现，GZ121合金组织的共晶相为Mg5（Zn0．5Gd0．5），而GWZ1241合金的共晶相为Mg5（Zn0.5Gd0.4Y0.1）。并且在GWZ1241合金的显微组织还发现两种非平衡相，即片状的MgGdZn5和块状的Mg3（Gd0．5，Y0.5）相。     

锌铝合金热型连铸的工艺方法

就热型连铸工艺条件下对具有共晶、包晶和共析转变的5种典型锌铝合金的连续定向凝固进行了研究,找出了各种合金的最佳工艺参数配合范围.研究表明引锭操作是热型连铸工艺的关键环节,型口温度、拉铸速度、冷却条件、合金成分和液位压头对铸锭表面质量有直接影响,型口位置的固液区存在着热和力的平衡.只有通过调节工艺参数,维持固液界面的良好位置,才能拉铸出表面光滑的线材.     

AZ61镁合金的差热分析及凝固组织观察

通过差热分析并结合金相组织观察的方法研究了AZ61镁合金相变温度点和凝固组织的特征,并对凝固组织演变机理做了理论分析。结果表明:AZ61镁合金固液转变温度在587.10~608.43℃之间,共晶转变温度在413℃左右;AZ61镁合金在凝固过程中首先析出α-Mg树枝晶,α-Mg树枝晶间富Al的残余液体发生共晶转变,形成α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12共晶组织。共晶组织中的α-Mg相往往依附初晶α-Mg形核生长,并将β-Mg17Al12相推向α-Mg枝晶的晶界,形成离异共晶组织。     

热处理工艺对高真空压铸Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.4Zr镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究T4和T6热处理状态下高真空压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr（质量分数,%）合金的微观组织、化合物含量、力学性能及断裂行为。铸态Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金微观组织主要由α-Mg和共晶Mg24（Gd,Y）5化合物组成。经固溶处理后,共晶化合物大量溶解于镁基体,合金主要含过饱和α-Mg及方块相。固溶合金中方块相的含量随固溶温度的升高而增大,力学性能也有所提高。根据微观组织结果,确定475℃,2 h为Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金最优固溶方案。合金的最佳屈服强度为222.1 MPa,延伸率可达15.4%。铸态,T4状态下和T6状态下合金的拉伸断裂模式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。