铸钢中MnS夹杂缺陷的形貌及形成机制

通过OM、SEM以及EDX(能量色散X射线光谱仪)等分析手段对某铸钢中的MnS夹杂物进行了观察和表征,并分析了MnS夹杂物的形成机制。通过显微组织观察,发现在铸钢样品中有两种具有不同形貌特征的MnS夹杂缺陷,一种呈不规则团絮状,另一种呈规则的球状。EDX分析表明,两种MnS夹杂物在化学组成上具有相似性,均由氧化物及附着在其表面的MnS组成,属于Ⅰ类MnS夹杂物。本文阐述了铸钢件中Ⅰ类MnS夹杂物的形成机制。首先,氧化物中溶解的Mn、S元素在表面析出而形成Mn S晶核,此后钢液中溶解的Mn、S元素在MnS晶核表面继续析出和长大,最终形成Ⅰ类MnS夹杂物。     

复合变质中锰钢韧性提高研究

通过Nb N RE Si-Ca复合变质处理，获得高韧性中锰奥氏体钢，研究结果表明；复合变质剂使钢的氧化物总量从原来的0．035％降到0．007％，硫化物总量从原来的0．029％降到0．01％，夹杂物圆整度从1．43变为1．04NbN和Nb2C可在液态金属中形成。复合变质中锰奥氏体钢的冲击韧度，裂纹形成功和裂纹扩展功分别比原来提高了263％、288％和232％。     

含硫非调质钢轧后硫化物夹杂形貌的观察

用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱观察和分析了转炉生产的含硫非调质钢轧后硫化物夹杂的形貌。结果表明,含硫非调质钢中硫化物夹杂的形貌有长条状、纺锤状、椭球状及球状。当钢中钙含量较低时,形成（Mn,Ca）S夹杂,形状为纺锤状、椭球状;随着钢中钙含量的增加,形成CaS夹杂,其形状变为球状。钢中的氧化物可以成为MnS的析出核心,形成复合型夹杂物。     

稀土元素对Cr-Ni-Mo钢过热的影响

本文研究了几种Cr-Ni-Mo钢的过热特征,提出把断口表面出现延性沿晶小平面作为过热的判据。在高的奥氏体化温度下,某种第二相粒子可以固溶,随后在冷却过程中沿高温奥氏体晶界重新析出,因而产生各种过热现象。MnS粒子的重新析出使普通硫含量的Cr-Ni-Mo钢发生沿晶延性破断,而AlN或VC粒子在高温奥氏体晶界的重新析出也能使低硫的Cr-Ni-Mo钢过热。稀土元素对几种Cr-Ni-Mo钢的过热都有抑制作用。当RE/S达到临界比值(约为4)时,不仅使MnS夹杂物完全转变成稀土硫化物和稀土硫氧化物,而且使高温奥氏体晶粒显著细化,改善韧性。如果RE/S比值远大于4,多余的稀土元素还可能与C,N原子发生交互作用。     

EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ADDITIONS ON OVERHEATING OF Cr-Ni-Mo STEELS

本文研究了几种Cr-Ni-Mo钢的过热特征,提出把断口表面出现延性沿晶小平面作为过热的判据。在高的奥氏体化温度下,某种第二相粒子可以固溶,随后在冷却过程中沿高温奥氏体晶界重新析出,因而产生各种过热现象。MnS粒子的重新析出使普通硫含量的Cr-Ni-Mo钢发生沿晶延性破断,而AlN或VC粒子在高温奥氏体晶界的重新析出也能使低硫的Cr-Ni-Mo钢过热。稀土元素对几种Cr-Ni-Mo钢的过热都有抑制作用。当RE/S达到临界比值(约为4)时,不仅使MnS夹杂物完全转变成稀土硫化物和稀土硫氧化物,而且使高温奥氏体晶粒显著细化,改善韧性。如果RE/S比值远大于4,多余的稀土元素还可能与C,N原子发生交互作用。     

锰硫比对1215MS易切削钢力学和切削性能的影响

通过理论计算、扫描电子显微镜、三维腐刻技术、拉伸试验和切削试验等方法,探究了锰硫比对1215MS易切削钢中硫化物析出特性,及其对钢的力学性能和切削性能的影响。结果表明：钢中硫化物的吉布斯自由能随着锰硫比的减小而降低,其形核率和尺寸则增大;相比锰硫比较高的试样,锰硫比较低的试样中MnS夹杂物数量更多、尺寸更大,尤其是细系MnS;长条状MnS夹杂物会导致钢材力学性能的各向异性,锰硫比较低的试样中MnS的长宽比较大,导致其强度低于锰硫比较高的试样;低锰硫比和高锰硫比试样的断裂方式分别为准解理断裂和韧性断裂;低锰硫比试样相比高锰硫比试样具有更好的表面光洁度和切削性能。     

S含量对高速车轮钢断裂韧性影响的研究

研究了S含量对高速车轮钢断裂韧性的影响.结果显示,适当提高车轮钢中的S含量,可以有效提高断裂韧性.对夹杂物的分析表明,S含量为0.001％(质量分数)的车轮钢中Al2O3和Al2O3+(Ca,Mg)O的氧化物夹杂相对较多,而MnS夹杂物较少.在相近的O含量水平下,将S含量从0.001％提高到0.006％,车轮钢中夹杂物...     

硫质量分数对船体钢诱发点蚀行为的影响研究

采用腐蚀浸泡的方法研究了酸性氯离子环境下S质量分数对低合金船板钢耐蚀性的影响,探讨了非金属夹杂物诱发点蚀形核的机理。结果表明,杂质元素S对钢的耐蚀性具有不利影响。随着S质量分数的增加,钢的耐点蚀性能恶化。S元素损害耐蚀性主要与钢中的非金属夹杂物有关。不同种类夹杂物诱发点蚀的机理有显著差异。单一MnS夹杂物与基体间存在缝隙,其诱导点蚀形核包括缝隙腐蚀和夹杂物溶解两个过程,MnS夹杂物是最敏感的点蚀诱发源;MXS-Al2O3复合夹杂物同样能诱发低合金钢的点蚀形核,包裹在Al2O3外层的硫化物优先发生溶解,成为腐蚀介质的通道,从而引发局部腐蚀。MnS-Al2O3夹杂物的点蚀形核能力大于CaS-Al2O3夹杂物,CaS遇到水容易发生水解并在夹杂物周边形成OH-,阻碍了坑内部的酸化,有利于抑制钢的耐局部腐蚀性能。     

镁合金对16MnR钢液的脱氧作用

用镁合金脱氧剂在内衬为MgO质坩锅的真空感应炉中对16MnR钢液的脱氧行为进行研究;选取FeAl、AlMg、SiCa和SiCaMg合金,对比考察脱氧后钢水的总氧和硫含量以及脱氧后夹杂物的变化。研究结果表明:镁合金在对钢水脱氧的同时具有较强的脱硫能力;残余在钢中的镁含量为0.000 7%～0.005 0%时,微量镁对钢材的强度没有明显的影响,但钢材塑性明显提高;钢水脱氧后夹杂物大多转化为复合夹杂物,其中Al2O3夹杂物主要转变为MgO.Al2O3等,FeS和MnS等硫化物夹杂转变成MnS、CaS和MgS等复合硫化物夹杂。     

20CrMo齿轮钢钙处理对夹杂物变性效果分析

在热力学计算的基础上,分析了20CrMo含硫齿轮钢钙处理的工艺条件,并对钙处理后的含硫齿轮钢轧材进行了取样研究.结果表明,钙处理前钢中氧含量(wo)控制在10×10-6以下,可使加入的钙充分对Al2O3、硫化物进行变性,并有利于MnS以此为核心形成复合夹杂;而且钢水铝脱氧后调整钢中酸溶铝在0.015％～0.025％,并在温度较高时喂Ca线,可减少凝固过程中S的偏析.通过钙处理工艺生产的含硫齿轮钢夹杂物形貌良好,各项性能均达到客户的要求.     

Al对42CrMo螺栓钢淬透性的影响

在42CrMo钢的基础成分上增加Al、Ti元素,通过末端淬火试验和截面硬度试验对比分析Al对42CrMo钢淬透性的影响差异,通过常规力学性能检测对比其与42CrMo钢的力学性能差异。结果表明Al、Ti元素添加可进一步提高淬透性,并且使钢的强度达到1200 MPa级,－40 ℃下KV₂≥27 J,满足低温环境下螺栓用钢的使用要求。采用化学相分析方法,对钢中析出相进行了定性、定量分析,结果表明Ti在钢中添加发挥明显固氮作用,提高了Al元素的固溶量,利用热膨胀法对比测定试验钢的等温转变曲线,证明了增加Al含量,降低了奥氏体临界转变温度,使C曲线右移,明显改善了钢的淬透性。     

Heat Treatment Properties of 42CrMo Steel for Bearing Ring of Varisized Shield Tunneling Machine

The heat treatment properties of 42 CrMo steel for bearing ring of varisized shield tunneling machine were investigated by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM),and impact tests. The addition of 0.03 wt% C into 42 CrMo steel can increase the hardness. But it reduces the impact energy by 46 J because of the appearance of coarser carbides in the matrix and the carbides along the austenite grain boundary.The addition of 0.40 wt% Mn into 42 CrMo steel can improve hardenability. However, the toughness of steel is also reduced by 26 J mainly because of the coarsening of carbides and the strengthening of matrix. Both hardenability and toughness of 42 CrMo steel can be improved by adding 1.49 wt% Ni and reducing 0.32 wt% Cr. The depth of hardening layer can be raised to 45 mm, and the impact energy at-20 °C is 120 J. Thus, it is concluded that a good combination of hardness, hardenability, and toughness of 42 CrMo steel can be achieved by alloying with adding some content of C and Ni.Detailed content of C and Ni should be on the requirements of heat treatment properties of steel for bearing ring of varisized shield tunneling machine.     

42CrMo钢曲轴连杆颈磁痕显示的成因分析

利用磁粉探伤对42CrMo钢曲轴锻件的连杆颈部位进行检测,发现明显的类似发纹的磁痕显示。通过OM、SEM形貌观察和EDS成分分析发现,连杆颈表层部位基体的显微组织不均匀,出现明显的成分偏析带,宽度约20~50 μm,C、Mn、S、Al、Cr元素含量相对基体较高,并含有少量的MnS夹杂。42CrMo钢棒状原料的中心偏析在模锻时沿着金属流动方向发生转动,偏析流线“遗传”至终态连杆颈表层而造成显微组织和化学成分的不均匀,进而导致磁导率的差异而出现磁痕显示。锻后的调质处理和表面感应淬火在一定程度上可以改善但不能消除这种宏观成分偏析。     

稀土处理HRB400E钢洁净度研究

为了研究稀土对HRB400E螺纹钢中夹杂物成分和形貌的影响,对稀土处理后螺纹钢中可能存在的夹杂物进行热力学计算,并通过扫描电镜及能谱仪对稀土处理前后 HRB400E钢中夹杂物进行了表征和分析。结果表明,稀土可在现场冶炼时加入到螺纹钢中并且质量分数达到0.003 2%;稀土有净化钢液的作用,使钢中S质量分数从0.018%降低到0.004%,降低了77.78%;热力学计算表明,稀土质量分数为0.003 2%时,夹杂物生成的可能性由高到低为REAlO₃、RE₂O₂S、Al₂O₃。稀土对HRB400E钢中硫、氧化夹杂物有良好的改质效果,将夹杂物变质为RE₂O₂S和REAlO₃,稀土元素与S结合使钢中MnS夹杂的析出减少,有利于钢材综合性能的提升。     

Effect of rare earth on inclusion evolution and corrosion resistance of HRB400E steel

The effect of rare earth elements Ce and La on the evolution behavior of inclusions in HRB400E steel was studied through experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. Neutral salt spray corrosion experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of Ce–La on the corrosion resistance of steel. The results showed that the typical inclusions in steel without rare earth were MnS and MnO–SiO₂. A small amount of Mn–Si–O–S inclusions was also observed. After adding rare earth, the typical inclusions were transformed into isolated (Ce,La)₂O₂S, (Ce,La)₂O₃ + MnS, and (Ce,La)₂O₂S + MnS complex inclusions. The thermodynamic calculations indicated that the rare earth elements in molten steel preferentially reacted with MnO–SiO₂ inclusions and dissolved oxygen and sulfur to form (Ce,La)₂O₃ and (Ce,La)₂O₂S. Small amounts of [S] and [Mn] adhered to the surface of the nucleated rare earth inclusions to form complex inclusions. After Ce–La treatment, the corrosion rate of the steel decreased from 3.491 to 1.992 mm year⁻¹, and the corrosion resistance was improved. The change in corrosion behavior is due to the modification of the inclusions into rare earth inclusions with good compatibility with the steel matrix.     

Development of Stretch Flangeable Grade Steels by Inclusion Engineering Approach

The demand for good stretch flangeability in high-strength automotive steels has necessitated due attention on steel cleanliness and processes. The presence of elongated MnS stringers and centerline segregation of nonmetallic inclusions adversely affects the transverse mechanical property. In the present investigation, stretch flangeability of industrially produced steel, with and without Ca treatment, has been compared with Ti-added steel, produced at 40 kg scale without Ca treatment. The study brings out the influence of centerline segregation and modification of nonmetallic inclusions on HER performance. The microstructural analysis of industrial steel revealed that the method of hole formation (punching/drilling) determines crack initiation mechanism. The inclusions, along with the second phase present in the centerline, drive the crack propagation. An addition of Ti in liquid steel promotes formation of Al-Ti-O-based oxide, prior to MnS precipitation, during solidification and acts as nucleation site for MnS inclusion. This obviates the elongated stringer-type MnS inclusions. The centerline segregation-free Ti-modified steel, prepared at the laboratory scale, showed consistent HER property compared with industrial steel. It is also concluded that calcium treatment can be circumvented by modifying the sulfide stringer with the addition of Ti in the steel for further improvement in HER property.     

Effect of High-Energy and Instantaneous Electropulsing Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of 42CrMo SteelEI北大核心CSCD

42CrMo steel was widely used in many industry fields for its excellent hardenability and high temperature strength. Many transmission mechanisms and fasteners, such as roller and heat-resistant gear, are made of this steel. However, the ductility of 42CrMo steel is relatively low after quenching and tempering. During high tempering Mo riched carbides at grain boundary and undecomposable martensite at low tempering are the main reasons for poor ductility of 42CrMo steel. Grain refinement can enhance both strength and ductility significantly, but traditional refinement technology will cause intergranular oxidation so that strengthening effect was weak. Although thermomechanical treatment can achieve dynamic recrystallization, its refinement effect is unstable. Elecropulsing treatment, which makes significant change in microstructure and properties of metals, has been applied in many fields such as, modification of solidified microstructure of liquid metal, healing of fatigue crack, nanocrystallization of amorphous materials and so on. Moreover, this process can produce superior mechanical properties in metals. In order to improve the mechanical properties of 42CrMo steel better, high-energy and instantaneous electropulsing treatment was applied. In this contribution, 42CrMo steel was subjected to traditional and electropulsing treatment individually. It was found that EPQ treatment (480 ms electropulsing treatment, water cooled) results in finer grain, promoting the formation of retained austenite and twin martensite; EPT treatment (180 ms electropulsing treatment, air cooled) can stabilize retained austenite in EPQ specimen and induce multiphase structure. Mechanical properties results indicate that strength-ductility balance of EPQ and EPQ+EPT specimen are 32% and 13.9% higher than that of TQ (traditional quenched) and EPQ+TT (traditional tempered) specimen respectively.     

回火温度对42CrMo钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过显微组织观察和力学性能检测,分析了42CrMo钢在不同回火温度下微观组织形貌和力学性能的变化.通过三维原子探针(3DAP)技术分析500℃回火温度下42CrMo钢中元素分布情况,研究了Cr、Mn、Mo等合金元素对钢性能的影响.结果表明,42CrMo钢水淬后在450℃回火时显微组织为回火屈氏体,在500～650℃区间...     

稀土Y对TWIP钢力学性能的影响机理

利用GNT系万能试验机和Sigma 300场发射扫描电镜研究了稀土Y对TWIP钢(22Mn-1.5Al-0.6C)力学性能及夹杂物的影响。结果表明,添加稀土Y后,试验TWIP钢的强度和韧性均有提高,抗拉强度由725 MPa提高到752 MPa,屈服强度由290 MPa提高到312 MPa,冲击吸收能量由178.9 J提高到207.7 J,而硬度和断后伸长率则小幅降低。稀土Y细化了TWIP钢晶粒,且钢中MnS、Al₂O₃以及MnS+AlN复合夹杂改性成Y₂S₃、Y₂S₃+Y₂O₃、AlN+Y₂S₃夹杂。夹杂物分析结果显示,大部分夹杂物的数量和尺寸都有明显的减小,有利于试验钢综合力学性能的提高。     

42CrMo钢高强度叶片轴的热处理

随着 42 Cr Mo钢锻件有效截面的减小 ,其综合力学性能验收指标相对提高。而在生产中 ,采用油淬调质不能满足验收条件 ,通过试验 ,制定出双液淬火加高温回火工艺从而获得良好的综合力学性能 ,解决了生产中类似的问题