同步DS/CDMA中横向均衡器的性能分析

本文研究了在同步直接序列码分多址 (DS/CDMA)系统中 ,横向均衡器抑制多址干扰 (MAI)的能力 ,在最优Wiener解的基础上 ,证明了横向均衡器的性能优于解相关检测 ,计算结果验证了以上结论。     

Reverse link interference modeling and outage analysis for DS/CDMA cellular systems

In this paper, we analyze multi-cell multi-user interference through a new approach. The area averaged probability density function (PDF) of interference power from one active user is evaluated. Differing from the distance membership determination, the statistical effect of hand-off is considered. The Gamma distribution is proposed to model the area averaged PDF of the interference power of an active user. An efficient method for evaluating system performance is developed. Differing from the Gaussian approximation, this method is very effective and accurate for both a large number and a small number of users. The performance of a CDMA cellular system with high quality requirements and mixed traffic is evaluated.This research was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institute for Telecommunications Research under the NCE program of the Government of Canada. This paper was presented in part at the IEEE PIMRC '94 Conference, The Hague, The Netherlands, Sept. 1994.     

Two-stage nondata-aided adaptive linear receivers for DS/CDMA

Closed-form steady-state performance analysis of the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the output of well-known adaptive implementations of the linear minimum mean-square error (MSE) receiver for direct-sequence code-division multiple access show that nondata-aided (NDA) schemes may suffer from a considerable performance degradation with respect to their data-aided counterparts. Motivated by this fact, we propose a new two-stage NDA scheme where symbol-by-symbol predecisions at the output of a first adaptive stage are used to train a second stage. We derive closed-form steady-state performance analysis for both the two-stage and classical decision-directed schemes, taking into account detection errors in decision-directed adaptation. Our analysis shows that the SINR of the two-stage algorithm is close to optimal over a large range of values, while the SINR of the decision-directed scheme is far from optimal when the optimal SINR is small. Finally, we consider the case of time-varying fading channels. We derive modified recursive least square and least mean square adaptation schemes by considering SINR maximization rather than MSE minimization (that is useless under the assumption of zero-mean random channels). The resulting two-stage receiver shows good tracking properties in heavy near-far conditions (at least for moderate normalized Doppler bandwidth), while the decision-directed receiver may easily loose tracking after deep fades.     

Adaptive blind receivers for MC‐CDMA communication systems

In this paper, we propose three adaptive blind algorithms for multiuser multicarrier code division multiple‐access systems in multipath fading channels. The proposed adaptive blind receivers are based on the property of the discreteness of the input data symbol and are updated in every symbol interval. We also use the concept that the variance of the output signal approaches to the variance of the desired signal to get the cost function. The three proposed receiver structures are the traditional finite impulse response (FIR) structure, the despreading (DES) filter structure and the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure. The advantage of the FIR filter is that the length of the filter weights does not have to be the same length as the spreading code. For the DES filter, the combination of the adaptive weight and the despreading code has the simplest structure than the other two proposed receiver structures. The constrained GSC filter is superior to the other two proposed receiver structures in the environments dominated by multiple‐access interference. By this constraint, the blind GSC filter can guarantee to converge to the desired solution. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness and comparison of the proposed adaptive blind receivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance evaluation of multirate DS‐CDMA communication systems with adaptive antennas

Adaptive antennas, with spatial processing, used in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems can enhance range, reliability, and capacity. Moreover, the adaptive beamforming technologies can remove unwanted noise and interference from the received signal. In this paper, we propose the adaptive direct sequence (DS) CDMA antenna receivers and compare their performances in three existing multirate methodologies—variable processing gain (VPG), variable chip rate, and multicode systems for multiuser communications in multipath fading channels. Simulation results show that the processing powers of both narrowband and wideband adaptive antennas are not enough. We propose a powerful processing technique named Wiener Code Filter (WCF) to retrieve the shortcomings. Mean square error (MSE) analyses are also given in this paper. Some simulation examples are given to compare the performances of the proposed multirate structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CDMA系统中2D-RAKE接收机性能比较

该文探讨了CDMA系统中2D-RAKE接收机的各种可能形式,并对其性能进行了分析比较,最后给出了数值模拟结果。     

Blind adaptive DS/CDMA receivers for multipath and multiuser environments

This paper proposes several blind adaptive receivers to eliminate multiple-access interference (MAI), intersymbol interference (ISI), and interchip interference (ICI) in direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS/CDMA) downlink multiuser systems. We use the following concepts to formulate the cost function: 1) the variance of the despreading output approaches to the variance of the desired signal and 2) the discreteness property of the input signal. The proposed approaches are called variance-oriented approaches (VOAs). The VOA is then applied to three proposed receiver structures, especially the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) scheme that is generally the concept of spatial domain in beamforming system, to eliminate the MAI by one particular constraint in temporal domain. Besides, by this constraint, GSC filter possesses the property of global convergence in multipath environment once the channel estimation is appropriate. Simulation examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness and comparison of the proposed blind adaptive receivers.     

同步CDMA系统中的MMSE检测器研究

分析了基于实域估计的最小均方误差(MMSE)检测器及其在同步CDMA系统的应用。首先对同步CDMA系统进行了描述,并在此基础上对这种新的MMSE检测器在同步CDMA系统中的设计和近似实现方法进行了探讨。     

Turbo编码DS/CDMA系统中的迭代多用户接收器

本文提出了一种用于Turbo编码DS/CDMA系统的迭代多用户接收器。该接收器由一个软输入/软输出（SISO）的多用户检测器和一组单用户SISO信道译码器组成。每次迭代过程中，多用户检测器和信道译码器都输出信息作为下一代迭代的先验信息，仿真结果表明，这种接收器的比特误码性能接近Turbo编码系统的单用户限。     

数字通信系统中自适应均衡技术的研究

克服数字通信系统码间干扰的有效方法就是在接收端采用均衡技术。文中给出了均衡问题的数学描述，综述了实现均衡的方法，讨论了基于LMS和基于RLS的自适应均衡算法，并通过MATLAB仿真比较了两类算法的性能。     

基于自调整器的CDMA系统盲自适应干扰抑制

本文给出一种能同时抑制DS-CDMA系统多址干扰(MAI)和窄带干扰(NBI)的盲自适应算法.此方法基于遗忘因子具有自调整器的迭代最小二乘算法(SR-RLS),根据系统的变化自动调整遗忘因子,当系统趋于静态时,遗忘因子趋于1,以提高稳态精度,在动态系统中,遗忘因子减小,使算法能有效的跟踪系统参数.与其它的迭代最小二乘相比,具有较小的稳态误差和良好的动态跟踪能力.文章从理论上分析了算法的收敛性.最后,对算法在静态环境和动态环境中的性能分别进行了仿真分析.     

CDMA通信系统仿真及抑制多址干扰的技术研究

CDMA作为第三代无线通信系统,具有频谱利用率高、保密性强、可多址复用等优点。在移动通信领域,越来越受到人们的普遍关注和重视。文章阐述了多址干扰产生的原因及其对系统性能的影响。通过MATLAB/Simulink建立仿真平台,设计并实现了直接序列扩频通信中信号的收发,采用误码率这一指标,重点对比分析传统单用户检测器、解相关线性检测器和最小均方误差检测器对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明,解相关线性多用户检测器在抑制多址干扰方面占有明显的优势。     

Effect of Signature Sequence on the Performance of an Asynchronous Multiple-Chip-Rate DS/CDMA System

The effects of signature sequence on the performance of an asynchronousmultiple-chip-rate (MCR)-DS/CDMA system are considered.The equations for the multiple access interference (MAI)and the variance of the MAI are developed.The bit error rate is derived by using the Gaussianapproximation.The deterministic signature sequences such as maximal-lengthsequences and Gold sequences are compared with random signature sequencesin terms of the variance of the MAI and bit error rate.We find that the performance of signature sequences in an asynchronousMCR-DS/CDMA system depends not onlyon the crosscorrelation properties of sequences but also on the carrierfrequencyseparation between the interfering and desired users.     

Channel estimation and interference suppression for uplink CDMA mobile communication systems

Wireless communications for mobile telephone and data transmission is currently undergoing very rapid development. Code division multiple‐access (CDMA) implemented with direct sequence spread spectrum signaling is among the most promising multiplexing technologies for cellular telecommunications services. In this paper, jointly period inserted pilot symbols assisted recursive (PIPSAR) channel estimation and interference suppression techniques are proposed for uplink CDMA mobile communication systems. The uplink CDMA mobile communication system model is described in the form of space‐time domain through antenna array and multipath expression. Interference suppression is achieved by using adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) digital filters that span several successive received chip oversampling vectors of a symbol interval. PIPSAR techniques are used to estimate channel parameters. The correlation between the successive periods is considered to further improve the performance of the proposed scheme. Analysis and simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宽带CDMA系统的自适应功率和速率控制性能分析

该文研究一种新的自适应功率和速率控制方案,导出了采用这种方案的宽带CDMA系统的误比特率(BER)公式,并分别给出了系统在平坦衰落信道和多径衰落信道中性能分析的数值结果。在这种方案中,移动台根据衰落信道的变化自适应地调整其发射功率和传输速率,而衰落信道的变化通过一种新的远程预测算法进行预测。首先将预测的总平均信道功率的概率密度函数划分为若干个面积相同的区间,从而得出这些区间之间的门限值;然后通过与传统功率控制技术相似的方式,将这些门限值用于自适应功率和速率控制。数值结果表明,采用这种方案能够有效地提高宽带CDMA系统的理论BER性能。     

自适应变速率分组CDMA系统性能分析

针对变速率分组CDMA系统的不足,提出新的自适应变速率分组算法,通过线性拟合方法定量描述负载和用户数据传输速率最佳匹配关系,该方法不仅能根据信道中负载情况自动调整用户数据传输速率,而且还能最大限度地保证较高的信道的数据吞吐量。     

New adaptive bit allocation algorithms for multiuser OFDM/CDMA systems

An adaptive bit allocation algorithm is proposed for multiuser transmission in OFDM/CDMA systems. The proposed scheme takes advantage of frequency diversity to dynamically allocate a suitable number of bits/per symbol on subcarriers of each user based on the transmitting objectives such as the required transmission rate and BER. A suboptimal solution to the problem of the bit allocation on subcarriers for each user is derived by minimizing the interference power from each user. Then an algorithm for adjusting the number of allocated bits is used to further reduce the interference without changing the total transmitted data rate. The performance obtained by minimizing the interference resulting from each user is studied in terms of BER, transmission data rate and the system capacity supporting multiple users. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms those reported previously.     

Design of a low-complexity adaptive interference-mitigatingdetector for DS/SS receivers in CDMA radio networks

Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) with direct-sequence/spread-spectrum (DS/SS) modulated signals has emerged as a strong candidate for the air interface of the universal wireless personal communication network planned for the end of the century. In this paper, we take into consideration a low-complexity blind adaptive interference-mitigating detector (BAID) scheme that minimizes the detrimental effect of the multiple-access interference (MAI) on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of a CDMA data demodulator. We describe a few modifications to the original algorithm that make it more suitable to a practical implementation with dual-binary phase-shift keying (D-BPSK)-modulated DS/SS signals. Specifically, we show how to make the BAID invariant to a possible carrier phase offset introduced in the front-end of the data demodulator, and we also suggest how to increase the robustness of such detector to asynchronous MAI. The uncoded BER performance of the resulting “extended” detector is then evaluated theoretically and by computer simulation in the case of coherent and differential signal detection     

Performance of DS/CDMA systems with differential M-ary orthogonal modulation and RS-coding for LEO satellite communications

This paper presents a coded modulation scheme based on M-ary orthogonal modulation by means of Walsh–Hadamard (WH) sequences, suitable for low-earth-orbit (LEO) direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) satellite communication systems. Based on the IS-95 scheme, we consider Reed–Solomon (RS)-coded M-ary orthogonal modulation with error or erasures decoding, which presents good performance enhancement with low complexity. LEO satellite links are characterized by large Doppler frequency shifts caused by the difference in velocity between the satellite and the earth mobile terminal, which make conventional non-coherent detection ineffective. In order to overcome the phase shift variations during the symbol period, which result in orthogonality loss of the WH sequences, we applied a differential encoding process to the spreading sequences or the WH chips prior to transmission. A special diversity process suitable for the environment under consideration is also applied. Simulation results show that the proposed diversity/coding/modulation scheme attains very good performance at low transmitter/receiver complexity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长码DS/CDMA系统中的预优软判决多用户干扰消除

在长码DS/CDMA通信系统中,多级线性软判决并行多用户干扰消除(LSD-PIC)检测器的收敛性能受限于用户数,该文提出用矩阵计算的预优方法改进LSD-PIC检测器的收敛性能,克服由于系统高负载造成的LSD-PIC检测器的性能崩溃,并提出了低代价多项式预优子的概念,对零阶和一阶多项式预优子分别给出了最优系数。