基于最小变动成本煤耗率的电厂负荷优化分配

在传统的电厂负荷优化分配基础上,引入了能量价值理论和环境成本,推导出与电煤能价比和环境成本相关的机组变动成本煤耗率,建立了机组运行综合评价体系.以电厂变动成本煤耗率最小为目标,对某电厂机组进行负荷优化分配,结果表明:与发电煤耗率相比,采用变动成本煤耗率作为机组负荷优化分配的目标更经济,而且负荷越低,节能效果越显著;电煤能价比减小时,电厂总变动成本煤耗率大幅下降;环境成本会使电厂总变动成本煤耗率升高.     

基于模型预测的多模式供热电厂机组间负荷优化分配调度研究

为解决热电厂机组间负荷分配不合理的问题,提出一种基于模型预测的多模式供热电厂多机组间负荷实时优化分配方法。基于模块化建模原理构建热电厂全厂范围的机理仿真模型,并运用运行数据对模型辨识校准,根据机组特性和电网调峰补贴政策,建立全厂的运行经济性收益评估模型,进而设计基于粒子群算法的负荷实时优化方法,借助性能预测模型预测评估各方案的经济性。以某包含高背压、切缸、抽汽、光轴4种供热模式机组的电厂为例,对不同电、热负荷组合工况下的厂内负荷进行优化分配研究。应用结果表明：该方法可根据热、电负荷的实时指令在线获得经济性优化的厂内机组间负荷分配方案。     

Neural-net based real-time economic dispatch for thermal powerplants

This paper proposes the application of artificial neural networks to real-time optimal generation dispatch of thermal power plant units. The approach can take into account operational requirements and power network losses. The proposed economic dispatch uses an artificial neural network (ANN) for the generation of penalty factors, depending on the input generator powers and identified system load change. Then, a few additional iterations are performed within an iterative computation procedure for the solution of coordination equations, by using reference-bus penalty-factors derived from Newton-Raphson load flow. A coordination technique for environmental and economic dispatch of pure thermal power systems, based on neural net theory for simplified solution algorithms and an improved man-machine interface is introduced. Numerical results on two test examples show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently and accurately develop optimal and feasible generator output trajectories by applying neural net forecasts of power system load patterns     

燃机电厂9F型机组热电负荷优化分配研究

电厂热电负荷优化分配是指在全厂总调度负荷下,根据各机组的热力性能确定各机组应承担的热电负荷,使得全厂效益最大或能耗最小的一种最优化问题.不同于燃煤热电厂,燃机电厂9F型机组由于设计为燃气轮机加蒸汽轮机的组合方式运行,因此在联合循环热力性能模型建立上较为复杂.提出了将余热锅炉新蒸汽参数作为中间变量,建立了机组天然气燃料消耗与电负荷、热负荷之间的关系模型,确定了优化计算的目标函数和边界约束条件,并采用非线性规划方法求解.模拟与实际运行结果均表明,该优化分配方法能有效降低燃机电厂燃料消耗水平,可以为同类型燃机电厂热电负荷优化分配提供参考.     

水火电系统日负荷经济分配及发电机组启停的实用计算

本文论述了一种计及发电机组启停的水火电系统日负荷经济分配的实用算法,即交替进行系统负荷分配计算与厂内机组组合计算,在得出各电厂出力安排的同时亦可给出厂内机组启停计划。试算结果表明算法可行。     

不同调节方式对引风机经济性影响分析

火力发电厂引风机运行能耗与其调节方式密切相关,为了分析不同调节方式的经济性,利用总费用现值法以及最小年费用法,完成了某300 MW火力发电厂不同调节方式下的年费用计算,并分析了改造方案的抵偿年限以及碳排放.据此,对比分析了三省一区基于不同调节方式的引风机在不同影响因素下的运行经济性.结果 表明:小汽轮机驱动最经济,电动...     

热力系统自适应优化调度应用

针对热力系统优化调度中汽轮机系统的优化调度在实际应用时存在的问题,例如模型的精确性,汽轮机系统结构的自适应性,本文叙述了热力系统自适应优化调度软件的开发,该软件在Matlab计算程序的基础上用Visual Basic编制了友好的界面,根据实际运行数据,建立汽轮机数学模型,然后依据不同的热电站热力系统的特征,自动生成优化调度的计算模型,并自动通过优化调度计算,获得热力系统的最佳运行方案.     

满足锦疆电厂出力及用电需求的研究

大型火力电厂对地区电压的支撑有很大的作用,但因其发电出力较大,为了合理安排电网运行方式,既满足电力电量的送出需求,又满足供电可靠性要求,以锦疆电厂为例,通过“N-1”原则分析了各种运行方式的利弊,并提出了相关稳定控制措施：联切负荷、及时增减机组出力,采用完善稳控装置等。     

火电机组间负荷优化分配算法比较与分析

负荷优化分配是电厂节能和运行优化的重要研究内容。在全厂机组组合方式一定的情况下,各台机组间合理的优化分配负荷可以提高整个电厂运行的经济性。为此,文中应用二次规划原理对某电厂4台300MW机组并列运行时的负荷分配进行优化。结果证明,它比线性规划分配负荷的调度方式所用煤耗明显降低。     

Dispatch modeling of a regional power generation system – Integrating wind power

A modeling tool has been developed which can be used to analyze interaction between intermittent wind power generation and thermal power plant generation in a regional electricity grid system. The model uses a mixed integer programming (MIP) approach to determine the power plant dispatch strategy which yields the lowest systems costs. In the model, each large thermal plant is described separately, including properties such as start-up time, start-up cost and minimum load level. The model is evaluated using western Denmark as a case study.For western Denmark, it is found that the inclusion of start-up performance (i.e. start-up time and related costs) and minimum load level of the power generating units have a significant impact on the results. It is shown that the inclusion of these aspects influences the analysis of the effect of wind power variations on the production patterns of thermal units in the system. The model demonstrates how the introduction of wind power production and associated variations change the dispatch order of the large thermal power plants in the western Denmark system so that the unit with the lowest running costs no longer has the highest capacity factor. It is shown that this effect only is detected if start-up performance and minimum load level limitations are included in the optimization. It can also be concluded that start-up performance and minimum load level must be taken into account if the total system costs and emissions are not to be underestimated. The simulations show that if these aspects are disregarded, both total costs and total emissions of the power system are underestimated, with 5% in the case of western Denmark. Models such as the one developed in this work can be efficient tools to understand the effects of large-scale wind power integration in a power generation system with base load plants.     

含分布式发电并网虚拟发电厂鲁棒优化经济调度方法

文章基于鲁棒优化理论建立了虚拟发电厂最优经济调度模型。首先以虚拟发电厂发电净收益最大为目标函数,计及出力计划约束、机组运行约束、机组启停约束、储能运行约束等必要约束条件建立系统优化运行模型;然后考虑风光出力区间不确定性,以风光出力为自然决策者,以虚拟发电厂为系统决策者,分别制定博弈策略和支付,建立虚拟发电厂最优经济调度鲁棒优化模型,并对其Nash均衡点进行分析;基于两阶段松弛法将所建立的鲁棒优化模型转化为有限可解的步骤;最后通过一个算例验证了所建立的模型在制定虚拟发电厂运行计划方面的经济优势。     

Impact of hydrogen production on optimal economic operation of a grid-parallel PEM fuel cell power plant

This paper presents an economic model of a PEM fuel cell power plant (FCPP). The model includes the operational cost, thermal recovery, power trade with the local grid, and hydrogen production. The model is used to determine the optimal operational strategy, which yields the minimum operating cost. The optimal operational strategy is achieved through estimation of the following: hourly generated power, thermal power recovered from the FCPP, power trade with the local grid, and hydrogen production. An evolutionary programming-based technique is used to solve for the optimal operational strategy. The model is tested using different seasonal load demands. The results illustrate the impact of producing hydrogen on the operational strategies of the FCPP when subjected to seasonal load variation. Results are encouraging and indicate viability of the proposed model.     

Application of the fast Newton-Raphson economic dispatch andreactive power/voltage dispatch by sensitivity factors to optimal powerflow

This paper applies the sensitivity factor method to the reactive power/voltage dispatch problem and combines it with the fast Newton-Raphson economic dispatch to solve the optimal power flow problem. The advantage of this method is that it is fast and reliable. Firstly, the real power generalized generation shift distribution (GGSD) factors are used in economic dispatch to find the real power generation for every unit so that the fuel cost is minimum. During the process of solving the economic dispatch problem, the voltage magnitudes of load buses in a power system may be changed and may exceed the ranges of secure values. Therefore, reactive power sensitivity factors of bus voltage magnitudes are used to regulate the voltage magnitudes of load buses to the secure ranges. The process is repeated to find the optimal generation with all voltages staying within the secure ranges. Results show that the algorithm converges very fast     

Economics of hydrogen production and utilization strategies for the optimal operation of a grid-parallel PEM fuel cell power plant

This paper integrates the hydrogen production and utilization strategies with an economic model of a PEM fuel cell power plant (FCPP). The model includes the operational cost, thermal recovery, power trade with the local grid, and hydrogen management strategies. The model is used to determine the optimal operational strategy, which yields the minimum operating cost. The optimal operational strategy is achieved through estimation of the following: hourly generated power, thermal power recovered from the FCPP, power trade with the local grid, and hydrogen production. An evolutionary programming-based technique is used to solve for the optimal operational strategy. The model is tested using different seasonal load demands. The results illustrate the impact of hydrogen management strategies on the operational cost of the FCPP when subjected to seasonal load variation. Results are encouraging and indicate viability of the proposed model.     

Wind generation modelling to help the managerial process of modern transmission systems

In this paper, a strategy is proposed in order to introduce in a realistic way wind generation into a transmission power system non sequential Monte Carlo adequacy study with economic dispatch. Thanks to the implemented solution, wind generation is consequently confronted to operational constraints related to high powered thermal units, nuclear parks or thermal machines with technical minimum value. Moreover, during each simulated system state, a DC load flow is also calculated in order to evaluate reinforcements optimizing the large scale integration of wind power production. The simulation tool modified during the present work is called Scanner© and is the property of Tractebel Engineering (Gaz de France – Suez) company. It has been here applied to an academic test system: the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).     

大型水电厂AGC调节策略研究

AGC机组调节比较频繁,如果仅考虑经济性而调用大量机组去响应并非特别大的随机负荷调整是不尽合理的,尤其是对机组台数众多的大型水电厂,不仅经济上得不偿失,而且会带来安全隐患。随着电力市场理论研究的深入和市场规则的完善,辅助服务市场将引入竞争逐步走向市场机制,电厂通过竞价方式确定是否承担AGC服务,这种承诺性交易使水电厂可预先采用合适的AGC调节策略,协调发电与AGC之间的关系,提高运行安全性和经济性。针对大型水电厂及电力市场下AGC调节问题,提出了动态分组轮换控制策略,既避免了机组频繁调整,也实现了负荷的经济分配,更适应大型水电厂的AGC运行。     

Enhancement of transient stability of an industrial cogeneration system with superconducting magnetic energy storage unit

This paper has developed the coordination of load shedding scheme and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to enhance the transient stability of a large industry cogeneration facility. The load-shedding scheme and the tie line tripping strategy by using the frequency relays have been designed to prevent the power system from collapse when an external fault of utility power system occurs. An actual external fault case and a simulated internal fault case have been selected to verify the accuracy of the load shedding scheme by executing the transient stability analysis. To improve the frequency and voltage responses, an SMES unit with various control modes has been installed in the cogeneration system. The sensitivity analysis of the SMES unit with different parameters is applied to achieve better system responses. Besides, an SMES unit with active power deviation as feedback signal is also considered to improve the electric power fluctuation of the study plant with rolling mills. It is found that the SMES system will enhance the electric power quality and minimize the economic losses of the cogeneration facility due to unnecessary load shedding.     

机组负荷在线优化分配技术在闵行电厂的应用

电网要求每台机组的出力都由电网调度直接控制(AGC运行方式)，因而传统的经济调度手段在电厂内部已经不再适用。从经济调度的必要性出发，提出采用机组负荷在线优化分配技术。采用这一技术的关键，是对电厂总出力的调控能力要达到电网调度直接控制每台机组出力时的水平。结合具体工程项目，对优化目标函数、约束条件及最优化求解方法等进行了研究。图1参3     

基于SQP法的电厂日前合约市场报价策略研究

在电力市场环境下,发电企业为了追求经济效益的最大化,必须在优化机组负荷分配的基础上掌握企业运行成本,并在电力市场上报出具有竞争力的上网电价。针对日前市场的特殊性,并建立了机组经济性曲线拟合的数学模型和基于序列二次规划法(SQP法)的机组负荷优化分配模型,指出了完全成本加成法的报价方法。用算例验证了一个发电企业在4个时段日前市场负荷的耗量成本。     

300MW汽轮机设备增容及系统优化改进

为降低机组热耗水平,提高机组整体安全性、可靠性和经济性,提高机组额定出力,实现机组节能降耗,针对1台300MW汽轮机机组采取了汽轮机设备及系统优化技改,实现了汽轮机提高额定出力并取得良好效果。