挤出机螺杆转速对马来酸酐官能化POE性能及增韧PA66效果的影响

采用在熔融挤出过程中添加引发剂与提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的复合引发方法,研究了引发剂的含量、螺杆转速对马来酸酐官能化POE的接枝率、熔体流动速率和凝胶含量的影响。结果表明,提高双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速可以较好地抑制POE在官能化过程中的交联副反应,控制制得具有较高接枝率(Gd=0.6%~0.92%)、较好熔体流动性(MI=0.4~4.0g/10min)和较低凝胶含量(≤0.3%)的官能化产物。复合引发所得官能化产物POE-g-MAH对PA66的增韧效果明显优于单纯采用引发剂引发所得产物。25%复合引发官能化POE产物可使PA66的缺口冲击强度由6.5kJ/m2提高至110kJ/m2。     

轮胎胶应力诱导脱硫及热塑性弹性体的制备

采用提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的高剪切应力诱导方法,研究了螺杆转速、挤出反应温度及螺杆长径比对脱硫轮胎胶共混物凝胶含量、熔体流动速率和溶胶红外吸收光谱的影响。研究了脱硫工艺条件对脱硫轮胎胶/HDPE/EPDM热塑性弹性体力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,挤出机的高剪切应力作用,可诱发轮胎胶粒中交联网络的断链和氧化降解作用,引起脱硫共混物凝胶含量的下降、熔体流动速率的增加和脱硫共混物溶胶分子链中醚键、酯键、过氧酸和磺酸酯基团的明显增加。挤出机螺杆转速越快、挤出反应温度越高或螺杆长径比越大,其所得热塑性弹性体中未脱硫凝胶颗粒尺寸就越小。     

水性聚乙烯亚胺锚固剂在挤出复合中的应用研究

本文研究了聚乙烯亚胺类锚固剂(AC剂)对挤出复合工艺制备的多层复合膜粘结强度的影响。以双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)、双向拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BOPET)、双向拉伸尼龙(BOPA)为基材,聚乙烯亚胺类AC剂可显著提高复合膜的剥离强度,提高幅度可达2倍以上。采用于两层乃至三层基材制备多层复合膜时,聚乙烯亚胺类AC剂复合膜的剥离强度仍可得到有效地提高。对于高阻隔结构PET/VMPET/IPE,随着聚乙烯亚胺类AC剂的涂布,其内层剥离强度可达3.2 N/15 mm,拓宽了挤出复合的应用范围。     

PET光散射薄膜的微观形态调控与光学性能

以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为基体、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和球形有机硅树脂(SR)粒子为分散相,采用熔融共混法制备了PET/LLDPE、PET/SR、PET/LLDPE/SR三种光散射薄膜,通过模压成型和挤出成型法调控其分散相形态结构,利用扫描电子显微镜和自制的光散射测试平台研究了薄膜的微观形态对其光散射性能的影响。研究表明,所制备的光散射薄膜对光线的散射性能显著,且与微观形态存在紧密联系。     

轮胎胶应力诱导脱硫及对聚丙烯的增韧作用

在轮胎胶粉的熔融挤出过程中添加线型高分子材料作为溶胀剂和承载流体,并通过提高双螺杆挤出机转速的高剪切应力诱导方法,研究了螺杆转速和挤出反应温度对轮胎胶脱硫共混物凝胶含量、熔体流动速率、溶胶特性黏数及红外光谱(FT-IR)的影响。结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可诱发轮胎胶颗粒中交联网络的断链反应和氧化降解作用,引起脱硫共混物凝胶含量的明显下降、熔体流动速率的明显增加、溶胶特性黏数的明显减小及溶胶分子链中碳碳双键和醚键基团明显增加。在最佳脱硫反应条件下,所得脱硫共混物可使聚丙烯(PP)(J430)材料的缺口冲击强度由10.5kJ/m2提高至47.7kJ/m2。     

扩链剂对反应挤出回收PET瓶分子量的影响

分别使用双口恶唑啉(BOZ)、均苯四酐(PMDA)及两者的混合物作为回收PET瓶的扩链剂,研究扩链剂的种类、扩链剂用量和反应挤出机加工工艺条件对PET产品相对分子质量(η)的影响。实验结果表明:在扩链剂用量均为0.2%(质量分数)时,BOZ可使产品的η提高4600 g/mol;BOZ和PMDA联用有一定的扩链效果,但不够理想;而使用PMDA可使产品的η提高9300 g/mol,达到33300 g/mol,扩链效果显著。使用PMDA为扩链剂时,反应挤出机的最佳工艺条件为:反应段温度260℃、螺杆转速45 r/min、真空度0.1 MPa。     

N-甲基吡咯烷酮对复合薄膜用水性聚氨酯性能的影响

研究了N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)对水性聚氨酯乳液的粘度、稳定性、胶膜的吸水率、接触角、复合薄膜T剥离强度的影响.结果表明:随着NMP用量的增大,乳液的粘度增大,稳定性提高,胶膜的吸水率降低,接触角增大,复合薄膜的T剥离强度也呈现上升趋势.     

增容对LLDPE/PET微纤增强复合材料形态和结晶的影响

采用熔融挤出、拉伸和退火制备了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)质量比为80/20的增容和未增容微纤增强复合材料(MFC)。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别研究了增容剂LLDPE-g-MAH对微纤复合材料中LLDPE的结晶、熔融以及分散相PET形态变化的影响。结果表明,增容剂LLDPE-g-MAH的加入,影响了PET粒子成纤的连续性,减小了分散相尺寸,当增容剂用量为10份时影响最为明显;PET微纤对基体LLDPE的结晶有异相成核作用,这种作用受增容剂用量的影响,增容剂用量为10份时,对LLDPE结晶有促进作用,而PET的熔点却随增容剂增加而降低。     

双重引发POE官能化及其增韧PA66的研究

采用双螺杆加工过程中的机械力引发同时添加引发剂的双重引发方法,研究了引发剂的用量、螺杆转速和接枝反应温度对马来酸酐接枝POE产物的接枝率、熔融指数的影响.对单纯采用引发剂引发方法和引发剂与机械力双重引发方法所得接枝产物增韧PA66的效果也进行了比较.     

几种低温引发剂和复合引发剂在管式反应器中的浓度分布讨论

在乙烯与醋酸乙烯(VA)高压共聚反应中,使用低温引发剂及其复合引发剂可以提高装置的生产能力,降低引发剂用量,改善产品的某些质量指标,如提高薄膜透明性、提高VA含量、降低MI等,因而具有重要的工业意义。我们在50吨/年EVA,长度为100米的管式高压本体聚合装置中进行了一系列低温引发剂及其复合引发剂的使用实验,聚合压力为1500-2000kg/cm~2,聚合温度为160-230℃。所得产物质量较佳。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...