聚合物注塑成型内应力数值计算的非线性模型

为了提高注塑内应力计算的可靠性,利用粘弹性力学理论建立了新的注塑制品内应力计算的四元件串联力学模型,并推导了其瞬态粘弹性响应的非线性本构方程.通过求解流动及保压控制方程,得到内应力计算所需的温度场和压力场,利用回归分析得到了聚合物弹性模量和粘壶系数的计算公式.用新模型对PS平板注塑制件脱模前的内应力进行了模拟计算.计算结果与固体高聚物的结构和力学性能的相关研究结论相一致.     

基于Layerwise理论的共固化粘弹阻尼复合材料动特性分析

共固化粘弹性复合材料兼具结构承载和阻尼减振功能。针对传统的混合单元法在应用于粘弹性夹层复合材料结构阻尼性能分析时存在着前处理困难、计算规模大、精度低以及难以考虑正交各向异性铺层自身损耗能力的缺点,推导了一种基于Layerwise离散层理论的四节点四边形复合材料层合板单元,并利用直接复特征值解法建立了共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析方法。将该方法应用于不同的阻尼结构,分析结果与文献中已公开结果和混合单元法的计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,基于离散层理论的层合板单元具有计算精度高、前处理建模简单和计算规模小的优点,可有效应用于复杂共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析和设计。     

聚合物熔体双尺度模型和SIMPLER方法在收缩流中的应用

采用宏细观双尺度模型描述了聚合物熔体的流动行为,实现了聚合物熔体宏观流变和细观哑铃大分子尺度间信息的传递。采用基于交错网格的SIMPLER-FDMS对双尺度模型进行求解,成功地计算了粘弹性熔体在4∶1平板收缩流动中的速度、压力以及应力的分布,得到了与实验数据和Renardy理论渐近分析结果相一致的结果。从而说明宏细观双尺度模型和基于交错网格的SIMPLER-FDMS算法在粘弹性熔体流动行为的数值模拟中是合理的和可行的。     

考虑芯层横向变形的粘弹性复合材料夹层板结构的声振特性分析

夹层板结构具有很高的比强度和比刚度。若芯层采用粘弹性阻尼材料，夹层板结构还具有良好的隔振和隔声特性，因此在工程结构中得到广泛应用。以往的夹层板理论大多忽略了芯层的横向正应变和横向正应力，在分析芯层较厚的夹层板或者夹层结构的高频振动问题时由于不能体现芯层的横向压缩变形，往往显得不够合理。针对这一不足，构造了一个复合材料夹层板单元：夹层板的上下面板采用基于一阶剪切变形理论的Mindlin假定以及层合板理论进行分析；采用文献[6，7]中提出的Timoshenko层合厚梁理论构造了单元每边的转角和剪应变场，消除了Mindlin板单元当板厚变小时的剪切锁死问题；假定芯层的位移沿厚度方向线性变化，并用上下面板的自由度表示，最终形成以上下面板自由度表示的系统总的运动方程。该单元不仅考虑了芯层的横向剪切变形，还考虑了芯层的横向压缩变形。数值计算结果表明：无论对于静力问题、动力问题还是声辐射等问题，考虑芯层的横向压缩变形是合理的，也是有必要的。     

分数指数模型的热力学分析及其应用

本文论证了两种经典粘弹性固体模型的等价性并指出了其存在的问题。给出了热力学对分数指数模型 [1]参数的限制条件。计算与实验结果比较表明:因为该模型具有适当多的参数,采用同一组参数可以做到同时与同一材料的蠕变和松弛试验结果很好吻合;并能做到松弛模量和蠕变柔量的Stieltjes卷积近似等于单位阶跃函数;在很宽广的频率范围内能同时很好地模拟真实材料的存储模量和损耗模量。由于其计算速度快,能与大多数真实材料的性能实验结果相拟合,可以广泛应用于工程实际中的粘弹性静力和动力问题的计算。     

三维一致粘弹性人工边界及等效粘弹性边界单元

基于粘弹性人工边界推导了三维一致粘弹性人工边界单元的刚度及阻尼矩阵,利用单元矩阵等效原理采用普通有限单元构造了等效粘弹性边界单元来模拟三维粘弹性边界。均匀半空间算例与成层半空间算例证明三维粘弹性边界单元具有与集中粘弹性人工边界相近的精度,并且施加更为简便。     

粘弹性层状地基上板的动力响应及其参数识别方法

本文系统地研究了粘弹性层状地基上板的动力响应及其结构材料参数识别方法。在一次样条半解析法求解粘弹性地基动力柔度系数[1]的基础上,应用子结构法求解了粘弹性层状地基上板的动力响应。应用快速富利叶变换将落锤式弯沉仪(FWD)所记录的荷载和时程反应曲线转化为频域内的一系列稳态振动[2],[3]。进而利用系统识别技术在频率域内反演结构材料参数。数值分析结果表明,该方法能有效地识别结构参数,从而为进一步研究FWD在混凝土道面的无损检测和承载力评价提供了基础。     

约束层阻尼夹芯板动态特性分析

本文给出了新的建立约束层阻尼薄板动力学模型的方法。粘弹性材料的本构关系随温度和频率变化,难以对粘弹结构进行动特性分析及控制研究,本文采用GHM方法描述弹性材料的本构关系,将粘弹性材料的动力特性描述与工程上最常用的有限元分析结合起来,建立了悬臂约束层阻尼板的动力学模型,计算了约束层阻尼夹芯悬臂板的模态参数,计算结果同其它方法相比,精度高且更接近于实验结果,同时与ANSYS5.5及NASTRAN70.7的计算结果基本一致,表明本文给出的方法是准确可靠的。     

流体粘弹性对喷墨印刷液滴参数影响

目的研究粘弹性非牛顿流体中聚合物参数对喷墨液滴形成过程中各项数据的关系,通过所得数据进行数值处理,构成关于聚合物参数变量的液滴类型空间。方法模拟实验中采用FENE-CR流体模型,将FENE-CR流体模型中的本构方程与纳维斯托克斯方程和连续介质力学相结合,推导出流体聚合物参数与流体粘弹性的关系。建立液滴喷射模型,采用Flow 3D数值模拟方法模拟聚合物参数变化对喷墨液滴形成过程的影响。结果得到了聚合物参数(聚合物延展性L、聚合浓度C和聚合物De值)对喷墨印刷中墨滴断裂过程的各项主要数据:主液滴最终速度vf、液滴尺寸V、墨尾最大长度Z,墨尾一次断裂时间tb的具体关系曲线。结论对于非牛顿粘弹性流体,虽然高分子聚合物在整个流体中所占比例很小,但是它的存在对流体粘弹性变化影响显著,聚合物种类和浓度的不同会最终导致液滴形成过程中各项数值发生巨大的变化。     

考虑随从力作用的运动粘弹性板的动力稳定性

从二维粘弹性微分型本构关系出发,建立了运动Kelvin-Voigt粘弹性矩形薄板受切向均布随从力作用下的运动微分方程,采用归一化幂级数法,导出了四边简支运动粘弹性板在随从力作用下的复特征方程。分析了系统的前三阶复频率与量纲一运动速度、量纲一延滞时间及量纲一随从力的变化关系。计算结果表明:量纲一延滞时间、量纲一运动速度和量纲一随从力对运动非保守粘弹性板的动力稳定性有着显著的影响。     

Prediction of shrinkage and warpage in consideration of residual stress in integrated simulation of injection molding

The accurate prediction of shrinkage and warpage of injection molded parts is important to achieve successful mold design with high precision. In this study, the numerical analysis of shrinkage and warpage of injection molded parts made of amorphous polymers was carried out in consideration of the residual stresses produced during the packing and cooling stages of injection molding. The temperature and pressure fields were obtained from the coupled analysis of the filling and post-filling stages. For residual stress analysis, a thermo-rheologically simple viscoelastic material model was introduced to consider the stress relaxation effect and to describe the mechanical behavior according to the temperature change. The effect of the additional material supply during the packing stage was modeled by assigning the reference strain. The deformation of injection molded parts after ejection induced by the residual stress and temperature change was analyzed using a linear elastic three-dimensional finite element approach. In order to verify the numerical predictions obtained from the developed program, the simulation results were compared with the available experimental data in the literature. In the case of residual stress, it was found that the present simulation results overpredicted the tensile residual stresses at the surface of injection molded parts. However, the predicted shrinkage was found to be reasonable to describe the effects of processing conditions well. Finally, an analysis of the shrinkage and warpage was successfully extended for a part with a more complex curved shape.     

Experiments and prediction of in-cavity stress for injection molded part

Prediction of residual stress of the injection molded polymers is one of the most challenging issues in this process. To investigate the development of this residual stress, creep experiments were carried out and creep rule was found. In the light of the experimental results, a creep model for predicting in-cavity stress of the molding was built. The elastic module of material was obtained with Tait equation and its viscous factor obtained with inversion method. In-cavity stress was calculated with the model and finite element method for an injection molded plate made by ABS. The predicted results was verified by the experiments and compared with relaxation model. The results showed that the new model was more accurate than relaxation model. The solution of the problem will effectively prompt the numerical simulation of injection molding, and will be a valuable development for the quality control.     

吊灯灯罩缓冲衬垫的随机振动仿真分析及实验验证

目的研究吊灯灯罩纤维模塑缓冲衬垫在随机振动激励下结构设计的合理性,及其对产品的保护性能。方法利用Ansys软件对吊灯灯罩纤维模塑缓冲衬垫包装件进行模态分析,获取包装件的固有频率和振型,将路面随机振动激励谱作用于纤维模塑缓冲衬垫包装件进行仿真分析,得到包装件的应力、应变云图和加速度功率谱密度响应曲线等,以此分析其结构设计的合理性以及对产品的保护性能,并进行实验验证。结果灯罩所受应力值远小于灯罩材料所能承受的最大屈服应力值(75 MPa),吊灯灯罩保存完好;有限元分析得到的结果与实测结果一致。结论纤维模塑缓冲垫结构设计合理,强度可满足保护产品的要求;利用有限元仿真分析解决纤维模塑缓冲包装制品的随机振动问题是可靠的,适用于动态环境下同类缓冲制品性能的研究,为缓冲包装产品性能预测、结构设计及优化提供有效分析手段。     

注塑成型制品翘曲变形优化建模分析

目的 针对传统建模方法在预测的翘曲变形位置与实际偏差较大的问题,开展基于Moldflow的注塑成型制品翘曲变形优化建模分析研究.方法 通过数据模拟分析预处理、浇注体系模型构建、基于Moldflow的注塑成型制品翘曲变形过程模拟等手段,实现对注塑成型制品曲面参数优化.结果 通过对比实验证明,新的建模方法与传统建模方法相比...     

Analysis Of Failure Mechanisms In Platelet-Reinforced Composites

The short-term mechanical strength of platelet-reinforced polymer composites was modeled using classical two-dimensional stress-transfer analysis. The stress field in the platelet and at the platelet/matrix interface was described in the presence of a matrix crack perpendicular to the interface. Modeling takes into account the tensile strength of the platelet, its adhesion to the matrix, and also considers the internal stress state resulting from processing. Platelet rupture and interface delamination were considered to be the two key failure mechanisms, depending on the ratio of platelet strength to interface strength. The transition between the two failure events was predicted to occur at a critical platelet length, the value of which depends on the elastic properties of the platelet and matrix, on the platelet geometry and strength, on the platelet/matrix adhesion, and on the internal stress state. The approach was applied to the case of low volume fraction silicon oxide platelets/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites, where the size of the platelets was accurately controlled either below or above the predicted critical length. Compression molded composites, with perfect alignment of the platelets, and injection molded composites, were prepared and tested. The toughness of the compression molded composites was found to be accurately predicted by the strength model, with a 100% increase in the case of platelets smaller than the critical length compared to larger platelets. Injection molded composites with platelets larger than the critical length were found to fail without yielding. By contrast, when the platelets were smaller than the critical length, the injection molded composites exhibited excellent ductility. The general agreement obtained between the predicted and observed toughening transition shows the importance of filler size and stress state on the strength of platelet-reinforced composites.     

On the Fractional Order Model of Viscoelasticity

Fractional order models of viscoelasticity have proven to be very useful for modeling of polymers. Time domain responses as stress relaxation and creep as well as frequency domain responses are well represented. The drawback of fractional order models is that the fractional order operators are difficult to handle numerically. This is in particular true for fractional derivative operators. Here we propose a formulation based on internal variables of stress kind. The corresponding rate equations then involves a fractional integral which means that they can be identified as Volterra integral equations of the second kind. The kernel of a fractional integral is integrable and positive definite. By using this, we show that a unique solution exists to the rate equation. A motivation for using fractional operators in viscoelasticity is that a whole spectrum of damping mechanisms can be included in a single internal variable. This is further motivated here. By a suitable choice of material parameters for the classical viscoelastic model, we observe both numerically and analytically that the classical model with a large number of internal variables (each representing a specific damping mechanism) converges to the fractional order model with a single internal variable. Finally, we show that the fractional order viscoelastic model satisfies the Clausius–Duhem inequality (CDI).     

振动场作用下注射成型制件力学性能的实验研究

将聚合物熔体在振动场中进行注射成型,对制件力学性能与振动参数之间的关系进行了实验研究。实验采用自行研制的振动实验装置,分析使用结晶型材料PP,HDPE和非晶型材料PS为原料,在振动场中进行注射成型,对成型试样进行了拉伸试验,对结果进行了分析,得出了结论。     

Effect of strain rate on cushioning properties of molded pulp products

Molded pulp product is widely used in distribution chains as a cushioning packaging of industrial products due to its favorable cushioning capability. How to evaluate the cushioning capability of molded pulp product is the key issue many scholars are interesting in. The load carrying capacity and energy absorbing of the molded pulp products used in the cushion packaging of mobile phones both in the static compression and dynamic impact were investigated in this paper by applying the experiment and finite element analysis. The static compression was conducted with the compression speed of 12 mm/min corresponding to the nominal strain rate 3.8 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹, and the dynamic impact tests were conducted with three drop heights of 25, 50 and 80 cm corresponding respectively to the nominal strain rates 4.2 × 10¹, 6.0 × 10¹ and 7.5 × 10¹ s⁻¹. The high speed camera was used to record the dynamic impact process and deformation. The finite element model of molded pulp product was built, and the stress and displacement nephograms, the dynamic impact deformation process, the load–displacement curve and the energy absorption curve of the molded pulp product were archived. The comparison between the finite element analysis and the experiment was made. The load–displacement curve of the finite element analysis is in agreement with that of the experiment in the static compression, and the energy absorption curves of the finite element analysis with different nominal strain rates are in agreement with that of the experiment in the area of the point of optimum energy absorption. However, a growing gap between the finite element analysis and the experiment appears with the nominal strain rate increasing, which may be induced by the use of the static stress–strain curve of the material in the finite element analysis of dynamic impact. The molded pulp product experiences the process from structural deformation, local stress concentration, first local buckling, redistribution of stress, global buckling, to structural dilapidation and densification. Two obvious buckling processes occur because of its complicated structure and two layers in structure. However, some additional local buckling also occur before the global buckling of structure in the case of dynamic impact with higher nominal strain rate. The deformation processes of molded pulp product from the finite element analysis and the experiment recorded by high-speed camera are coincident. With the nominal strain rate increasing, the yield stress of molded pulp product increases obviously, and the shoulder point of the energy absorption curve moves upward to the right. The yield stress under the dynamic impact at a drop height of 80 cm increases 59.4% compared with that under the static compression, and the corresponding optimum energy absorption increases 85.4%. The effects of strain rate on the load carrying capacity and the energy absorption of molded pulp product are remarkable. The results can be applied to the design of molded pulp products.     

长玻纤增强复合材料注塑成型构件强度分析

基于广义牛顿流体本构方程,采用ARD-RSC纤维取向模型,考虑纤维间相互作用,仿真预测长玻纤增强复合材料注塑构件的纤维取向分布;应用复合材料细观力学Eshelby夹杂理论和Mean Field均匀化方法,建立长玻纤增强复合材料均质化RVE模型;综合运用复合材料细观建模、离散RVE模型场、注塑成型和结构有限元分析技术,提出了长玻纤增强复合材料注塑构件强度分析方法。对推力杆注塑构件进行强度分析,显示仿真危险位置与实际破坏位置较为吻合。在此基础上对推力杆进行结构改进,结果表明杆体中间部分在拉伸载荷下的最大主应力降低了57.18%,在压缩载荷下的最大主应力降低了71.25%。