涤纶材料表面固定水蛭素及其血液相容性研究

利用紫外辐照仪在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(涤纶,PET)膜表面接枝聚丙烯酸(PET-AA)长链分子,再通过化学方法进一步固定水蛭素,获得的改性表面的X光电子能谱分析表明水蛭素分子被有效地固定在PET表面.改性表面的水接触角降低,亲水性得到改善.体外血小板粘附实验的结果显示,固定了水蛭素的PET薄膜的血液相容性比未改性的PET膜有明显的改善.     

L-精氨酸改性PVDF抗凝血膜的制备及血液相容性研究

采用碱处理方法,以丙烯酸(AA)为中介,将L-精氨酸(ARG)共价接枝在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面,制备了PVDF-ARG膜。对改性前后的PVDF膜进行了X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征,分析了改性前后膜表面的化学组成和结构变化,发现膜表面ARG的含量随ARG投料浓度的增加而增加。利用血小板粘附、蛋白吸附、复钙时间、溶血率等实验研究了改性膜的血液相容性。结果显示,经L-精氨酸改性的PVDF膜可有效地抑制血小板粘附、蛋白吸附,可降低溶血程度,延长复钙时间,并随着膜表面ARG含量的增加,改性膜的血液相容性更好。     

等离子体聚合沉积聚烯丙胺薄膜改性聚酯及体外血小板粘附研究

采用脉冲和连续波方式沉积等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜改性聚酯(PET)材料表面,并进一步在等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面固定肝素分子.利用衰减全反射红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和接触角测试等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜的元素成分、组成和表面能,采用对三氟甲基苯甲醛衍生法和甲苯胺蓝法分别检测了等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面的伯胺基浓度和固定肝素分子的聚烯丙胺薄膜表面的肝素浓度.实验结果表明,脉冲等离子体聚合薄膜PPAa-P表面的伯胺基浓度为1.4%,而连续波等离子体聚合薄膜PPAa-C表面伯胺基浓度只有0.71%.等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜改性的PET的表面能增加,其中PPAa-P改性的PET表面的表面能的极性分量增加较大.脉冲等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面固定的肝素浓度为4.07μg/cm2,为连续波等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜表面固定肝素浓度2.23μg/cm2的1.8倍.体外血小板粘附实验结果表明,表面肝素化的PET表面有较低数量的血小板粘附和激活,尤其是在固定肝素分子的脉冲等离子体聚烯丙胺薄膜改性的PET表面表现出更好的抗凝血性.     

聚酯薄膜表面接枝含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物及其细菌粘附行为研究

利用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合(SI-ATRP)在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜表面接枝甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFBMA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)共聚物。通过红外光谱仪(ATR-FT-IR),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)以及扫描电镜(SEM),研究不同反应时间下接枝共聚物对PET薄膜表面组成、结构及性能的影响;利用接触角测试对比研究PET薄膜接枝改性前后的表面疏水性;采用平板菌落计数的方法研究薄膜改性前后的微生物粘附性。结果表明:随着反应时间延长,PET薄膜表面水接触角不断增大,当反应时间为12h时达99.5°,疏水性显著提高;PET薄膜表面对微生物的粘附量随着反应时间的延长而逐渐减少。     

聚酯纳米纤维改性膜的制备及对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附

采用低温等离子体处理技术将丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)静电纺丝膜上,实现了对PET纳米纤维膜的表面改性。用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察了纤维的形貌,红外(FT-IR)分析了纤维膜改性前后表面性质,通过铜离子吸附试验考察了纤维改性膜对Cu2+的吸附效果。结果表明:成功的将PET纳米纤维膜表面接枝上了AM,且该膜吸附水溶液中的Cu2+效果显著,适用于水中Cu2+的去除。     

钛表面等离子体氧化及其对细胞粘附增殖的影响

采用真空射频辉光放电技术对喷砂酸蚀工艺处理后的钛表面进行了等离子体氧化处理,利用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪及X射线光电子能谱仪研究了氧化膜对钛表面形貌和亲水性的影响以及其化学组成和价键状态;同时通过体外细胞培养研究了钛表面等离子体氧化膜对细胞粘附增殖的影响。结果表明:等离子体氧化处理保留了钛表面喷砂酸蚀形成的微观孔洞结构,获得了平均接触角低于10°的超亲水性表面;钛表面出现Ti 4+、Ti 3+和Ti 2+离子,其中主要以Ti 4+存在;相比未氧化的钛表面,氧化后的钛表面对成骨细胞的粘附增殖有更显著的促进作用,这表明钛表面等离子体氧化膜具有很好的润湿性,利于细胞的粘附增殖。     

聚丙烯微孔膜的表面改性和抗污染性

用化学方法在聚丙烯微孔膜表面上接枝丙烯酰胺。利用红外光谱,X射线光电子能谱,扫描电镜,原子力显微镜观察了膜表面形态和微观结构的变化,同时考察了膜的接触角和吸水能力,对BSA蛋白质的吸附量及水通量和抗污染能力。结果表明,随着接枝率的提高,接触角从95°减小到38°,吸水率也提高到163.9%。改性后,PP膜对BSA的吸附减少,膜的水通量减小,但同时膜的污染率下降,当接枝率为11.5%时,膜的污染率为0.274,比接枝前下降了55%。改性后PP微孔膜的亲水性和抗污染能力得到较大提高。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜亲水化改性及在酪蛋白分离中的应用

采用化学改性的方法,在KOH/KMnO4体系中对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜表面进行化学处理,引入羟基等活性基团,并利用甘油水溶液增加膜表面的化学稳定性。分别改变试剂浓度、温度、反应时间等参数,确定最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,改性后的聚偏氟乙烯膜表面接触角减小,亲水性增强。将改性前后的膜分别应用于酪蛋白的分离实验,测定膜通量的衰减,发现改性后的PVDF膜表面的抗蛋白吸附能力有很大程度的提高。     

聚已内酯表面磷酸胆碱仿生改性的血液相容性研究

通过表面原子转移自由基聚合法(SI-ATRP)得到具有不同接枝密度的聚2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱改性的聚己内酯薄片(PCL-g-PMPC)。用衰减全反射红外、扫描电镜及接触角直接或间接地证明表面接枝反应成功;并通过蛋白吸附、血小板粘附及凝血时间对其血液相容性进行了评价。结果表明,利用SI-ATRP法在PCL表面接枝一层具有仿细胞外层膜结构的PMPC能不同程度地提高PCL薄片的血液相容性。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜表面丙烯酸接枝改性研究

采用自由基接枝聚合反应制备了丙烯酸改性的聚偏氟乙烯膜,研究了单体浓度对接枝率的影响,测定了改性后样品的红外光谱、表面接触角、水通量、蛋白吸附等.结果表明,通过自由基接枝聚合,丙烯酸接枝到膜的表面,明显提高膜的亲水性.接枝后膜的水通量也非常明显下降,特别是在高丙烯酸浓度下.改性的膜的通量对溶液的pH值有明确的响应关系,表明接枝链在水中的溶胀对膜的性能有显著的影响.蛋白吸附实验表明,改性后的膜相比未改性膜有较高的吸附量,而且在酸性情况下,膜的吸附量较大,这主要与丙烯酸和蛋白质之间的相互作用有关.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.