以手性核为中心的枝臂液晶的合成与相行为

设计与合成了3种以异山梨醇为手性核中心的枝臂液晶分子——双-10-(4-(4-(4-乙氧基)苯甲酰氧基)联苯)氧羰基癸酸异山梨醇酯(MA1)、双-4-[10-(4-(4-(4-乙氧基)苯甲酰氧基)联苯)氧羰基癸酰氧基]苯甲酸异山梨醇酯(MA2)、双-3,4,5-三-[10-(4-(4-(4-乙氧基)苯甲酰氧基)联苯)氧羰基癸酰氧基]苯甲酸异山梨醇酯(MA3)。通过红外光谱、核磁共振、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热和X射线衍射等手段研究了枝臂液晶分子的结构和性能。MA1~MA3均为胆甾相液晶,且具有6个臂的MA3织构较丰富且液晶相范围也较宽。手性分子MA1、MA2为右旋,而MA3为左旋,与手性核的旋光度方向相反,具有很好的流动性及清晰的特征织构。     

聚硅氧烷类手性偶氮液晶高分子的制备

合成了一种含胆甾醇基元的手性液晶单体4-烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基异丙酰氧基胆甾基酯(M)和一种含偶氮基元的液晶单体4-烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基异丙酰氧基偶氮苯甲酸乙酯(N),将它们与含氢聚硅氧烷接枝共聚,得到侧链手性偶氮液晶聚合物PA1~PA6。通过红外、核磁共振、旋光仪、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热和X射线衍射等手段对所合成单体及聚合物的结构和液晶相行为进行了表征。结果表明,单体M具有胆甾相的油丝织构,单体N具有向列相的纹影织构,聚合物PA1~PA6呈现胆甾相的Grandjean织构,它们的热稳定性好,液晶区间宽达171~180℃之间。     

热致可逆变色胆甾液晶聚合物的制备和光学性能研究

合成了两种胆甾液晶单体,4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯M1和4-{4-[(4-烯丙氧基)-苯甲酰氧基]丁氧羰基}苯甲酸胆甾醇酯M2。将两种单体按一定比例与含氢聚硅氧烷(PMHS)共聚得到了一系列侧链液晶聚合物P1-P6。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1 H NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和X射线等手段对单体及聚合物的结构、液晶性能和相行为进行了表征。通过分析表明单体M1、M2和聚合物为热致胆甾型液晶,聚合物在常温具有选择性反射现象,在升温—降温—再升温的过程中反射波长随温度升高发生蓝移,且聚合物具有良好的热稳定性和可逆变色性。     

含酒石酸基元的液晶单体及其聚合物的合成与表征

合成了一种以酒石酸为中心的新型工字型液晶单体2,3-二乙酰氧基-1,4-丁二酸对烯丙氧基苯甲酸对苯二酚酯(M1),将其与手性液晶单体4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯(M2)共聚,得到侧链液晶聚合物P1～P8。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、偏光显微镜(POM)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对所获单体及聚合物的结构和液晶相行为进行了表征。结果表明,液晶单体M1具有近晶相扇形、纹影织构,手性单体M2具有胆甾相油丝织构。聚合物P1～P8出现胆甾相的Grandjean织构,随着单体M1含量的增加,聚合物P1～P8的Tg呈上升趋势,液晶区间变窄。     

一种具有光学活性的手性侧链液晶聚合物的合成与性能

介晶单体十一烯酸胆甾醇酯(M1)和手性单体丙烯酸薄荷醇酯(M2)通过接枝共聚引入聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS)中，制得系列侧链聚合物P1～P8。通过DSC、偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射分析(WAXD，SAXS)、旋光仪等手段对聚合物进行了表征。聚合物P1～P8都具有光学活性，均为胆甾型热致液晶，具有较宽的介晶相范围，呈现出清晰的彩色Grand—jean织构及油丝织构。但当M2含量大于30％时，聚合物的液晶性能逐渐变弱。     

含手性基元的侧链液晶聚合物的合成与性能表征

文中设计与合成了国内未见报道的单体M1、M2和系列手性液晶聚合物。通过差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微分析(POM)、广角X射线衍射、旋光仪等测试手段研究了单体M1和手性液晶聚合物液晶性能。结果表明,M1为向列型液晶单体,M2为手性非液晶单体。聚合物P2~P4呈现近晶A相,P5,P6为胆甾相,P7的液晶性能已不明显,聚合物P8已没有液晶性能。具有宽的液晶相范围,液晶相范围均高于140℃。随着手性单体M2含量(0%~50%)的增加,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度、清亮点温度、液晶相范围均呈现降低趋势。     

侧链含有两种介晶基元的聚硅氧烷类液晶聚合物的制备与性能

合成了侧基带有两种介晶基元的聚硅氧烷类系列液晶聚合物（P1－P5），所用介晶单体M1为4－联苯二酚基－4’－（2－乙基已酰基）－4－烯丙氧基苯甲酸酯，M2为4－烯丙氧基苯甲酰氧基－4’－甲氧基苯，它们介晶区间分别为39℃和7．9℃。只含有单体M1的聚合物P1和只含有单体M2的聚合物P5的介晶区间分别为70．8℃和75．1℃；但是同时含有不同摩尔比的M1和M2的液晶聚合物P2－P4的介晶区间为240－250℃，比只含有一种介晶基元的P1或P5拓宽了约170℃，所有聚合物均低于室温就有液晶性能，且耐热性达310℃以上，属于非晶近晶织构。     

近晶C(S_C)相串型液晶高分子的合成与表征(Ⅱ)

以含液晶基元的单体 2 ,5-二 (对异烷氧基苯甲酰氧基 ) -对苯二酚和不同结构的脂族二酰氯 ,采用低温溶液缩聚的方法 ,合成了一系列新的液晶基元垂直于分子主链的 SC相串型液晶高分子。单体的结构通过元素分析、IR、1H-NMR和 MS等方法确证。聚合物通过 GPC、DSC、TG、WAXD和偏光显微镜等方法测试表征。研究发现 ,所有的聚合物加热至各自的熔点以上都能形成液晶态 ,在液晶态可以观察到破焦锥织构 ,通过变温 X射线衍射证明它们为 SC相。所有聚合物的熔点和液晶态的清亮点随分子中末端烷氧基增大和柔性间隔段长度增加逐渐降低 ,液晶态温度范围变窄。     

单体BAB6和手性剂含量对聚合物网络稳定液晶电光性能的影响

采用单体4,4′-二[6-(丙烯酰氧基)己氧基]联苯(BAB6)和胆甾相液晶混合光固化,制得聚合物网络稳定液晶(PSLC)薄膜。利用紫外可见分光光度计、响应时间测试装置和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究了单体BAB6和手性剂质量分数对PSLC薄膜电光性能和网络微观形貌的影响。结果表明,随着BAB6质量分数增加,PSLC薄膜的聚合物网眼尺寸变小,透过率降低,饱和电压增加,响应时间缩短;随着手性剂质量分数增加,聚合物网眼尺寸缩小,液晶畴变小,驱动电压增加,响应时间进一步下降。当液晶∶单体∶手性剂的质量比为100∶5∶10时,制得了电光性能优良,响应时间为2ms的PSLC薄膜。     

手性近晶C相串型液晶共聚物的合成与性能

以对苯二甲酰氮,2,5－二[4-((S)-2-甲基丁氧基）苯甲酰氧基]对苯二酚和三缩四乙醇为单体,采用低温溶液缩聚的方法,合成了一系列新的手性近晶C相串型液晶共聚物。通过DCS,偏光显微镜,WAXD和旋光分析等方法,发现所有的手性共聚物都有光活性,当加热至熔融温度以上时形成近晶C相,共聚物的熔融温度（Tm)和各负同性温度（Ti)随共聚物分子中三缩四乙二醇用量的改变呈规律性变化。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.