脉冲准分子激光扫描沉积(PLD)高c轴取向V2O5/Si薄膜及结构分析

采用脉冲准分子激光大面积扫描沉积技术,在Si(111)单晶衬底上沉积了多晶V2O5薄膜,经300℃以上退火处理得到了具有高c-轴取向生长的V2O5膜。300℃以上热退火处理的薄膜表面具有正常的化学计量比（无氧缺位）,晶粒间界明显,晶粒呈针棒状,晶粒尺寸在100－200nm之间。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、Raman光谱（RS）、Fourier红外光谱（FT－IR）及透射电镜扫描附件（STEM）对沉积及不同温度下退火处理的样品进行了结构分析。研究结果表明：V2O5/Si薄膜经400℃热处理后表面部分处于低价态的钒离子已被氧化为V2O5。     

脉冲准分子激光沉积纳米WO3多晶电致变色薄膜的研究

采用脉冲准分子激光大面积扫描沉积技术，在不同条件下，在透明导电衬底SnO2:In2O3(ITO）及Si (111)单晶衬底上沉积了非晶WOx薄膜，采用X射线衍射（XRD）、Raman光谱（RS）、Fourier红外光谱（FT－IR）及透射电镜扫描附件（STEM）对在不同条件下沉积及不同温度退火处理的样品进行了结构分析，结果表明：氧气氛和衬底温度是决定薄膜结构和成分的主要参数，采用三斜相的WO3靶材，在100℃及20Pa氧压下沉积，经300℃以上退火处理，在Si（111）及ITO衬底上得到了三斜相的纳米晶WO3薄膜，随着氧压的减少，薄膜中氧缺位增多，采用ITO基片，氧20Pa，经300℃热处理的薄膜，呈多晶态，晶粒分布均匀，晶粒平均尺寸为20－30nm，经400℃热处理的薄膜，呈多晶态，晶界明显，晶粒分布呈开放型多孔结构，晶粒平均尺寸30－50nm，这一典型的结构有利于离子的注入和抽出。     

脉冲激光沉积法制备ZrW_2O_8薄膜(英文)

采用纯ZrW2O8陶瓷靶材,以脉冲激光沉积法在石英基片上沉积并退火处理后制备了ZrW2O8薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱 仪和扫描电子显微镜观察和确定r薄膜结构、化学组分和表面形貌,用划痕仪、表面粗糙轮廓仪测量了薄膜与基片之间的结合力和薄膜厚度.结果表明:脉冲激光沉积的薄膜为非晶态,膜层物质各元素之间的化学计量比与靶材成分一致;衬底未加热沉积的薄膜表而粗糙度较大,衬底温度为650℃ 时,薄膜表面平滑致密,粗糙度明显降低:非晶膜在1200℃密闭退火热处理3 min后淬火得到立方相ZrW2O8薄膜,退火后的薄膜品粒较大,同时 还出现一些沿晶界和晶内的裂纹缺陷.随着退火温度升高,薄膜与基片的结合力降低.     

TiO2薄膜的相变与光学性能

采用射频磁控溅射法在单晶硅片和石英玻璃片上沉积TiO2薄膜.通过X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见光谱和荧光发射光谱对薄膜的结构、相组成和表面形貌进行了表征.研究了退火温度对薄膜相结构、表面化学组成、形貌及光学性能的影响.结果表明:沉积的TiO2薄膜为无定形结构,经400℃以上退火后的薄膜出现锐钛矿相,600℃以上退火后的薄膜开始出现金红石相,1000℃以上退火的薄膜完全转变为金红石相.随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,仅在950～l000℃时出现减小,1 000℃退火的薄膜组成为TiOx.随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的透射率下降,折射率和消光系数有所增加.     

CTAB辅助电沉积V_2O_5薄膜及储锂性能研究

以五氧化二钒、双氧水和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了V2O5溶胶,并通过电沉积法在不锈钢基体上制备了正交晶系的V2O5薄膜电极材料。采用X-射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征了V2O5薄膜材料的微观结构和表面形貌;采用循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗谱和充放电测试研究了V2O5薄膜作为锂离子电池正极材料的储锂性能。结果表明,在添加3%CTAB的V2O5溶胶中电沉积的V2O5薄膜比未添加CTAB的V2O5溶胶中电沉积的V2O5薄膜具有更高的电化学反应可逆性、更低的电化学反应阻抗、更好的嵌锂活性和倍率性能。     

生长温度对单晶衬底上生长Ba(Zr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8))O_3薄膜微结构和介电性能的影响(英文)

采用脉冲激光沉积方法,在制备有LaNiO3(LNO)底电极的LaAlO3(LAO)衬底上,分别在500,600℃和700℃的沉积温度下制备了锆钛酸钡Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(BZT)薄膜.通过X射线衍射表征薄膜的结构特性,原子力显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分别用来表征样品的表面和断面形貌.结果表明:BZT薄膜与LNO具有c轴取向,并以cube-on-cube方式排列生长.BZT薄膜表面致密无裂缝,具有柱状生长的晶粒.薄膜的介电性能测试显示:600℃下沉积的BZT薄膜具有较高的介电可调性(49.1%)和较低的介电损耗(2.5%).在600℃下沉积的BZT薄膜的优值因子(figure of merit,FOM)达到19.8.     

退火温度对原子层沉积TiO2薄膜结构、形貌和光学性能影响

采用原子层沉积技术(ALD)在石英衬底上制备了TiO₂薄膜,并对其进行不同温度的快速光热退火处理。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对薄膜进行表征。研究了退火温度对薄膜结构、表面形貌和光学性能的影响。结果表明：当薄膜未退火时,其具有非晶态性质;薄膜在300～600℃的范围下退火时,其具有结晶态性质。当样品在未退火下,其表面粗糙度和光学带隙分别为17.226 nm和3.57 eV;随着退火温度不断升至600℃时,薄膜的表面粗糙度增至30.713 nm变大,晶粒尺寸增至24.75 nm,光学带隙减至3.41 eV。此外,样品的折射率和消光系数随着退火温度的升高呈下降趋势。在实验条件下,最佳退火温度为600℃。     

退火温度对铁电薄膜钛酸锶钡的影响

用醋酸盐和钛酸酯为原料,采用Sol-Gel工艺在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si基片上制备出Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO(3BST)铁电薄膜,然后在650-800℃下对BST薄膜进行退火,研究退火温度对钛酸锶钡铁电薄膜的影响。X射线衍射分析表明:退火温度在750℃以上时,BST薄膜转变成较为完整的ABO3型钙钛矿结构;SEM分析表明:750℃热处理的薄膜颗粒较大,且颗粒生长较好;阻抗分析仪测试表明:750℃退火处理的薄膜介电性能最佳;TEM分析表明:750℃晶粒发育完善、清晰,晶粒与晶粒之间比较紧密,且存在微畴区域。     

Er2O3高介电常数薄膜的结构和介电性能的研究

采用射频磁控反应溅射技术,在不同的Ar：O2条件下制备Er2O3薄膜,然后把样品分别在600、700和800℃退火60min,研究分析了Ar：O2比例和退火温度对样品的结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：600℃以上退火处理后,Er203薄膜从非晶态转变为多晶,使薄膜的介电常数和击穿场强明显增加,漏电流密度减小,但不同的退火温度对这些性能的影响不大,退火温度的提高会在Si和Er2O3薄膜的界面形成类SiO2过渡层。但Ar：O2比对薄膜的结晶性能和介电性能影响不大,但工作气体中较少的Ar会导致在Si和Er2O3薄膜的界面形成类Si02过渡层。     

热处理温度对Co_(0.8)Fe_(2.2)O_4/SiO_2纳米复合薄膜结构和磁性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在经表面氧化的Si(100)基片上制备了Co0.8Fe2.2O4/Si O2纳米复合薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计对Co0.8Fe2.2O4/Si O2纳米复合薄膜的结构、形貌和磁性能进行分析,研究了热处理温度对复合薄膜结构和磁性能的影响。结果表明:热处理温度高于750℃时复合薄膜中Co0.8Fe2.2O4呈现尖晶石结构;当热处理温度从750℃升高到1 100℃,复合薄膜中Co0.8Fe2.2O4的晶粒尺寸从6 nm增大到34 nm,晶胞常数从0.836 9 nm增大到0.839 5 nm。样品的矫顽力随热处理温度的升高先增大后减小,经1 000℃热处理样品的矫顽力达到298.3 k A/m。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。