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1.
L. Leydesdorff 《Scientometrics》1998,43(1):5-25
Citations support the communication of specialist knowledge by allowing authors and readers to make specific selections in several
contexts at the same time. In the interactions between the social network of (first-order) authors and the network of their
reflexive (that is, second-order) communications, a sub-textual code of communication with a distributed character has emerged.
The recursive operation of this dual-layered network induces the perception of a cognitive dimension in scientific communication.Citation analysis reflects on citation practices. Reference lists are aggregated in scientometric analysis using one (or sometimes two) of
the available contexts to reduce the complexity: geometrical representations (‘mappings’) of dynamic operations are reflected
in corresponding theories of citation. For example, a sociological interpretation of citations can be distinguished from an
information-theoretical one. The specific contexts represented in the modern citation can be deconstructed from the perspective
of the cultural evolution of scientific communication.
‘By now, it may seem redundant to say that a theory of citation is badly needed.’ Zuckerman (1987)95 相似文献
2.
Based on the citation data of journals covered by the China Scientific and Technical Papers and Citations Database (CSTPCD), we obtained aggregated journal-journal citation environments by applying routines developed specifically for this
purpose. Local citation impact of journals is defined as the share of the total citations in a local citation environment,
which is expressed as a ratio and can be visualized by the size of the nodes. The vertical size of the nodes varies proportionally
to a journal’s total citation share, while the horizontal size of the nodes is used to provide citation information after
correction for the within-journal (self-) citations. In the “citing” environment, the equivalent of the local citation performance
can also be considered as a citation activity index. Using the “citing” patterns as variables one is able to map how the relevant
journal environments are perceived by the collective of authors of a journal, while the “cited” environment reflects the impact
of journals in a local environment. In this study, we analyze citation impacts of three Chinese journals in mathematics and
compare local citation impacts with impact factors. Local citation impacts reflect a journal’s status and function better
than (global) impact factors. We also found that authors in Chinese journals prefer international instead of domestic ones
as sources for their citations. 相似文献
3.
A quasi-quantitative citation model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Vinkler 《Scientometrics》1987,12(1-2):47-72
On the basis of investigating author's opinion on citing motivations of chemistry papers aquasi-quantitative model for citing is suggested. The model selects professional and nonprofessional motivations of citing and introduces thecitation threshold concept which tries to characterize the effect of citing motivations quantitatively. Possible reasons for missing citations are also treated. Mean ages of real and of self-citations were calculated by subtracting the average of the publication years of cited papers from the publication year of the citing publication. The difference between the mean ages may characterize thesynchronity of the author's research in comparison with those working on similar topics. The paper introduces thecitation strategy indicator which relates impact factors of cited periodicals with the mean impact factor of periodicals in the corresponding research subfield. 相似文献
4.
On the validity of citation counting in science evaluation: Content analyses of references and citations in psychological publications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In reference to the increasing significance of citation counting in evaluations of scientists and science institutes as well
as in science historiography, it is analyzed empirically what is cited in which frequency and what types of citations in scientific
texts are used. Content analyses refer to numbers of references, self-references, publication language of references cited,
publication types of references cited, and type of citation within the texts. Validity of citation counting is empirically
analyzed with reference to random samples of English and German journal articles as well as German textbooks, encyclopedias,
and test-manuals from psychology. Results show that 25% of all citations are perfunctory, more than 50% of references are
journal articles and up to 40% are books and book-chapters, 10% are self-references. Differences between publications from
various psychological sub-disciplines, publication languages, and types of publication are weak. Thus, validity of evaluative
citation counting is limited because at least one quarter refers to perfunctory citations exhibiting a very low information
utility level and by the fact that existing citation-databases refer to journal articles only. 相似文献
5.
This is the first article using bibliometrics to study the field of contingent valuation research. The purpose of this study
was to evaluate the contingent valuation research performance based on all the related articles in SCI and SSCI databases
from 1991 to 2005. An indicator named citation per publication (CPP) was presented in this study to assess the impact of article
output per year, different countries, institutes, and authors from the worldwide. Publication per institute (PPI) in a country
was used to be an indicator to compare institute’s research performance by country. Citation analysis was made to select the
most frequently cited articles since publication to 2005 of each year. A citation model was applied to describe the relationship
between the cumulative number of citations and article life. The results indicate that with the increase article output per
year, the CPP decreased slightly since 1997. The USA produced 55% of all pertinent articles. Institutes from the UK had a
higher PPI. The most prolific institutes and authors, and the most frequently cited articles per year were all listed. In
addition, a citation model was successfully applied to evaluate performance of each year, and the most frequently cited articles
of each year were also compared by the model. 相似文献
6.
It is the objective of this article to examine in which aspects journal usage data differ from citation data. This comparison
is conducted both at journal level and on a paper by paper basis. At journal level, we define a so-called usage impact factor
and a usage half-life in analogy to the corresponding Thomson’s citation indicators. The usage data were provided from Science
Direct, subject category “oncology”. Citation indicators were obtained from JCR, article citations were retrieved from SCI
and Scopus. Our study shows that downloads and citations have different obsolescence patterns. While the average cited half-life
was 5.6 years, we computed a mean usage half-life of 1.7 years for the year 2006. We identified a strong correlation between
the citation frequencies and the number of downloads for our journal sample. The relationship was lower when performing the
analysis on a paper by paper basis because of existing variances in the citation-download-ratio among articles. Also the correlation
between the usage impact factor and Thomson’s journal impact factor was “only” moderate because of different obsolescence
patterns between downloads and citations. 相似文献
7.
Citation impact indicators play a significant role in evaluating the scientific research activity. Most of citation impact indicators are based on the citation count that the publication is cited as a reference in the other publications, but the difference between each citation situation was not considered. Normally, the number of citations that a publication is cited in the other publications may represent the formal quality of the publication. Similarly, the number of times that a publication is really mentioned within the citing publication, it may also represent the formal quality of the citation. We have examined about how many times each reference was really mentioned within the citing publications and studied about the citation situation within the citing publications. We verified that the citation distribution of references according to the mention frequency follows the Generalized Pareto distribution. The results showed that about 20% of total references were mentioned three and more times, and the number of citation mentions for the about 50% of total references were from about 20% of the total references in the citing publications. 相似文献
8.
Identification of referencing and citation processes of scientific journals based on the citation distribution model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, we firstly analyze the referencing process and the citation process of a scientific journal in theory, and
find that the observed referencing or citation process includes the diffusing process and the aging process of cited literature
and the publishing process of citing literature, thereby it is illuminated why the identified average publication delay ( [`(T)] = Ts + t ) \left( {\bar{T} = T_{s} + \tau } \right) was longer than the observed value. Secondly, we compare the transfer function model of the observed citing process with
other classical citation distribution models and find that the model is superior to others. Finally, using the model, we identify
parameters of actual referencing and citation processes from data of age distributions of references and citations of 38 journals
of neurology and applied mathematics in JCR, respectively; and then compare differences of identified parameters and obtain
some interesting conclusions. 相似文献
9.
Albarrán Pedro Crespo Juan A. Ortuño Ignacio Ruiz-Castillo Javier 《Scientometrics》2010,85(1):329-344
In this paper, scientific performance is identified with the impact that journal articles have through the citations they
receive. In 15 disciplines, as well as in all sciences as a whole, the EU share of total publications is greater than that
of the U.S. However, as soon as the citations received by these publications are taken into account the picture is completely
reversed. Firstly, the EU share of total citations is still greater than the U.S. in only seven fields. Secondly, the mean
citation rate in the U.S. is greater than in the EU in every one of the 22 fields studied. Thirdly, since standard indicators—such
as normalized mean citation ratios—are silent about what takes place in different parts of the citation distribution, this
paper compares the publication shares of the U.S. and the EU at every percentile of the world citation distribution in each
field. It is found that in seven fields the initial gap between the U.S. and the EU widens as we advance towards the more
cited articles, while in the remaining 15 fields—except for Agricultural Sciences—the U.S. always surpasses the EU when it
counts, namely, at the upper tail of citation distributions. Finally, for all sciences as a whole the U.S. publication share
becomes greater than that of the EU for the top 50% of the most highly cited articles. The data used refers to 3.6 million
articles published in 1998–2002, and the more than 47 million citations they received in 1998–2007. 相似文献
10.
Based on the transfer function model of the observed citation distribution and the expression of the cumulative citation probability
distribution, parameters of 12 citation distributions are identified from statistical data of age distributions of references
of 10 journals in JCR using the parameter optimization fitting method. At same time, based on the steady state solution of
differential equations of the publication delay process and data of publication delays of 10 journals, the publication delay
parameters of every journal are identified using the fitting method. Identified parameters of every journal citation distribution
are compared with the journal’s publication delay parameters and some valuable conclusions are deduced. 相似文献
11.
Summary We investigated committee peer review for awarding long-term fellowships to post-doctoral researchers as practiced by the
Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (B.I.F.) - a foundation for the promotion of basic research in biomedicine. Assessing the validity
of selection decisions requires a generally accepted criterion for research impact. A widely used approach is to use citation
counts as a proxy for the impact of scientific research. Therefore, a citation analysis for articles published previous to
the applicants' approval or rejection for a B.I.F. fellowship was conducted. Based on our model estimation (negative binomial
regression model), journal articles that had been published by applicants approved for a fellowship award (n = 64) prior to applying for the B.I.F. fellowship award can be expected to have 37% (straight counts of citations) and 49%
(complete counts of citations) more citations than articles that had been published by rejected applicants (n = 333). Furthermore, comparison with international scientific reference values revealed (a) that articles published by successful
and non-successful applicants are cited considerably more often than the “average” publication and (b) that excellent research
performance can be expected more of successful than non-successful applicants. The findings confirm that the foundation is
not only achieving its goal of selecting the best junior scientists for fellowship awards, but also successfully attracting
highly talented young scientists to apply for B.I.F. fellowships. 相似文献
12.
Jonathan Adams 《Scientometrics》2005,63(3):567-581
Summary The present paper addresses the objective of developing forward indicators of research performance using bibliometric information on the UK science base. Most research indicators rely primarily on historical time series relating to inputs to, activity within and outputs from the research system. Policy makers wish to be able to monitor changing research profiles in a more timely fashion, the better to determine where new investment is having the greatest effect. Initial (e.g. 12 months from publication) citation counts might be useful as a forward indicator of the long-term (e.g. 10 years from publication) quality of research publications, but - although there is literature on citation-time functions - no study to evaluate this specifically has been carried out by Thomson ISI or any other analysts. Here, I describe the outcomes of a preliminary study to explore these citation relationships, drawing on the UK National Citation Report held by Evidence Ltd under licence from Thomson ISI for OST policy use. Annual citation counts typically peak at around the third year after publication. I show that there is a statistically highly significant correlation between initial (years 1-2) and later (years 3-10) citations in six research categories across the life and physical sciences. The relationship holds over a wide range of initial citation counts. Papers that attract more than a definable but field dependent threshold of citations in the initial period after publication are usually among the top 1% (the most highly cited papers) for their field and year. Some papers may take off slowly but can later join the high impact group. It is important to recognise that the statistical relationship is applicable to groups of publications. The citation profiles of individual articles may be quite different. Nonetheless, it seems reasonable to conclude that leading indicators of research excellence could be developed. This initial study should now be extended across a wider range fields to test the initial outcomes: earlier papers suggest the model holds in economics. Additional statistical tests should be applied to explore and model the relationship between initial, later and total citation counts and thus to create a general tool for policy application. 相似文献
13.
C.V. Raman is being acknowledged by worldwide physics community for his classic works. The present study has made an effort
to analyze how much impact in number of citation receiving for his publications. Of course, there was a lack of tools for
such a study some years back. The study has limited to the database Science Citation Index for the period 1982–2005. The noteworthy
results are: One third of his research papers have been cited at least once; The research papers published during 1918–1940
could make remarkable impact; Three of his papers have shown an upward growth in number of citations receiving; The total
citations to papers of age 46 and 54 as on the year 1982 accounted for more than 50 per cent of the total citations received;
Research works in the ‘Acoustics’ area have been cited more than any other area of his works; Eponymal citations are to be
explored and analysed to understand the real impact of his works. 相似文献
14.
B. S. Kademani Vijai Kumar Ganesh Surwase Anil Sagar Lalit Mohan Anil Kumar C. R. Gaderao 《Scientometrics》2007,71(1):25-57
The paper analyses the citations to 1733 publications published during 1970–1999 by the Chemistry Division at Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, using Science Citation Index 1982–2003 as the source data. The extent of citations received, in terms of
the number of citations per paper, yearwise break up of citations, domainwise citations, self-citations and citations by others,
diachronous self-citation rate, citing authors, citing institutions, highly cited papers, the categories of citing documents,
citing journals and distribution of citations among them etc. are determined. During 1982–2003 chemistry Division publications
have received a total of 11041 citations. The average number of citations per year was 501.86. The average number of citations
per publication was 6.37. The highest number of citations received were 877 in 2001. The citation rate was peaked during 1990–2003
as maximum 9145 (82.82%) citations were received during the period. Total self-citations were 3716 (33.66%) and citations
by others were 7325 (66.34%). Mean diachronous self-citation rate was 36.16. Citation time lag was zero for 144 (15.52%) papers
and one year for 350 (37.72%) papers. Single authored publications (168) have received 456 (4.13%) citations and 1565 multi-authored
publications have received 10585 (95.87%) citations. The core citing authors were: J. P. Mittal (695) followed by V. K. Jain
(524), H. Mohan (471), T. Mukherjee (307), R. M Iyer (253), H. Pal (251), J. V. Yakhmi (211), A. V. Sapre (174), D. K. Palit
(161), N. M. Gupta (128), and S. K. Kulshrestha (116). Citation life cycles of four highly cited papers was discussed. The
core journals citing Chemistry Division publications were: J. Phys. Chem.-A (436 citations), Chem. Phys. Lett. (372), J. Phys. Chem. (355), J. Chem. Phys. (353), J. Organomet. Chem. (285), J. Phys. Chem.-B (279), J. Photochem. Photobiol.-A (263), Langmuir (245), J. Am. Chem. Soc. (226), Physica-C (225), Radiat. Phys. Chem. (217), Inorg. Chem. (215) and Indian J. Chem.-A (207). 相似文献
15.
16.
Citation life cycles of ten citation classics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Not all highly cited papers have the same citation life cycle curves, i.e. curves of frequency of citations received vs. time. The citation life of ten randomly selected Citation Classics, five in medicine and five in biochemistry, are studied longitudinally in time and compared with a random sample of ten non-classics of the same cohort. There are pronounced differences in the life cycle curves; two distinct types are suggested. Type A, comprised of both high and low cited papers in both fields, has an early peak of citation rate and may be approximated by a bilinear cumulative citation curve with a break at six years of age, when three quarters of the total number of citations have occurred. Type B, in this study comprised of extremely highly cited methodological Citation Classics, exhibit a constant or slowly accelerating growth rate with a vigorous citation life extending over the entire period studied and typically one third or less of the total citations accumulated at six years of age. 相似文献
17.
Mark R. Elkins Christopher G. Maher Robert D. Herbert Anne M. Moseley Catherine Sherrington 《Scientometrics》2010,85(1):81-93
To determine the degree of correlation among journal citation indices that reflect the average number of citations per article,
the most recent journal ratings were downloaded from the websites publishing four journal citation indices: the Institute
of Scientific Information’s journal impact factor index, Eigenfactor’s article influence index, SCImago’s journal rank index and Scopus’ trend line index. Correlations were determined for each pair of indices, using ratings from all journals that could be identified as
having been rated on both indices. Correlations between the six possible pairings of the four indices were tested with Spearman’s
rho. Within each of the six possible pairings, the prevalence of identifiable errors was examined in a random selection of
10 journals and among the 10 most discordantly ranked journals on the two indices. The number of journals that could be matched
within each pair of indices ranged from 1,857 to 6,508. Paired ratings for all journals showed strong to very strong correlations,
with Spearman’s rho values ranging from 0.61 to 0.89, all p < 0.001. Identifiable errors were more common among scores for journals that had very discordant ranks on a pair of indices.
These four journal citation indices were significantly correlated, providing evidence of convergent validity (i.e. they reflect
the same underlying construct of average citability per article in a journal). Discordance in the ranking of a journal on
two indices was in some cases due to an error in one index. 相似文献
18.
Remigiusz Sapa 《Scientometrics》2007,71(3):473-493
This article reports findings from the study of the international contribution to the system of library and information science
communication in Poland in the years 2003–2005. The sample consists of articles published both in selected journals and collective
works. Two important dimensions determining the internationalization of local scholarly communication are considered: direct
contribution (foreign authors’ articles and papers and their translations published in Poland) and indirect contribution (citedness
of foreign authors’ documents in articles and papers published in Poland). Bibliographic data about the geographical distribution
and affiliation of foreign authors are gathered and analyzed. Furthermore, the findings of citation analysis are presented
to determine the percentage share of citations received by foreign documents as well as to find out what is the structure
of such citations regarding the language and form, which thematic areas are most replete with such citations and which foreign
journals are most cited in Poland. 相似文献
19.
This paper presents the results of the citation study in 24 leading journals on chemical engineering for 1987. The selective methodology or the analysis of co-citation limited only to this discipline is based on relatively low thresholds of citation and co-citation. The established research fronts refer mostly to basic research. The flow of information and knowledge to chemical engineering is determined to the extent of 70–90% by the works in this very field, as is indicated by the analysis of citations. The geography of research fronts was determined. The USSR has a very low fraction of frontal papers. This can be explained by the publication of papers in Russian and by a large number of secondary and applied research. This type of research is revealed by frequent citation of books and a small fraction of highly cited papers. 相似文献
20.
The investigators studied author research impact using the number of citers per publication an author’s research has been
able to attract, as opposed to the more traditional measure of citations. A focus on citers provides a complementary measure
of an author’s reach or influence in a field, whereas citations, although possibly numerous, may not reflect this reach, particularly
if many citations are received from a small number of citers. In this exploratory study, Web of Science was used to tally
citer and citation-based counts for 25 highly cited researchers in information studies in the United States and 26 highly
cited researchers from the United Kingdom. Outcomes of the tallies based on several measures, including an introduced ch-index,
were used to determine whether differences arise in author rankings when using citer-based versus citation-based counts. The
findings indicate a strong correlation between some citation and citer-based measures, but not with others. The findings of
the study have implications for the way authors’ research impact may be assessed. 相似文献