Ionic liquid-assisted one-step hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide composites

We have demonstrated a facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of soluble reduced graphene oxide sheets (RGO) and the preparation of titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle-RGO composites using a modified one-step hydrothermal method. It was found that graphene oxide could be easily reduced under solvothermal conditions with ascorbic acid as reductant, with concomitant growth of TiO₂ particles on the RGO surface. The TiO₂-RGO composite has been thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Microscopy techniques (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy) have been employed to probe the morphological characteristics as well as to investigate the exfoliation of RGO sheets. The TiO₂-RGO composite exhibited excellent photocatalysis of hydrogen evolution.      

Ag-TiO_2空心复合微球制备及其光催化性能

为了提高空心TiO2的光催化活性和拓展其对可见光的响应,以聚苯乙烯为模板合成TiO2空心微球,再通过KBH4还原AgNO3,制备了TiO2空心壳层表面载有Ag单质粒子的复合微球。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对Ag-TiO2空心微球的形貌结构和组成进行表征,并以有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究该复合微球的光催化性能。在紫外光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球2h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高23.8%;在可见光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球在6h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高28.2%。结果表明,壳层表面载有适量Ag单质粒子的空心TiO2复合微球,其光催化活性和对可见光的响应显著高于纯空心TiO2微球。     

两步水热法制备还原氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO_2复合材料及其光催化性能

为研究由还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和具有高活性晶面的TiO_2组成的复合材料的制备方法及其光催化性能,首先采用两步水热法制备了RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料:第1步为合成暴露高活性晶面的纳米TiO_2;第2步为将合成的纳米TiO_2与氧化石墨烯(GO)复合,形成RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料。然后,利用XRD、SEM、X射线光电子能谱仪和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对制备的暴露不同晶面的纳米TiO_2和RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料进行了表征,评价了其光催化性能。结果表明:在水热法的第1步中,通过调节HF的浓度能可控制备出具有高活性的(001)和(101)晶面的纳米TiO_2,氟原子在纳米TiO_2中以物理吸附态和化学结合态这2种形态存在;在第2步后,GO与纳米TiO_2复合形成RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料,同时在此过程中GO被转化成RGO。在紫外光照射下,两步水热法合成的RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料具有很好的光催化性能,明显优于商用TiO_2(P25)和纳米TiO_2的。RGO/纳米TiO_2复合材料的光催化性能有明显的提高,RGO和TiO_2暴露的晶面对光催化活性有影响。     

Facile, noncovalent decoration of graphene oxide sheets with nanocrystals

Facile dry decoration of graphene oxide sheets with aerosol Ag nanocrystals synthesized from an arc plasma source has been demonstrated using an electrostatic force directed assembly technique at room temperature. The Ag nanocrystal-graphene oxide hybrid structure was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction. The ripening of Ag nanocrystals on a graphene oxide sheet was studied by consecutive TEM imaging of the same region on a sample after heating in Ar at elevated temperatures of 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C. The average size of Ag nanocrystals increased and the number density decreased after the annealing process. In particular, migration and coalescence of Ag nanocrystals were observed at a temperature as low as 100 °C, suggesting a van der Waals interaction between the Ag nanocrystal and the graphene oxide sheet. The availability of affordable graphene-nanocrystal structures and their fundamental properties will open up new opportunities for nanoscience and nanotechnology and accelerate their applications. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com     

Effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on structural,optical, and dielectric properties of Mg(OH)2/rGO nanocomposites

In this paper, we report the synthesis of Mg(OH)₂ NPs and Mg(OH)₂–rGO nanocomposites (NCs) by microwave assisted co-precipitation method. The crystal phase, structural morphology and functional groups of the as-synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Raman spectroscopy was used to study the defects in the samples. Raman spectroscopy and the SEM results validate the growth of Mg(OH)₂ NPs on the rGO nanosheets. The chemical composition of the prepared samples was analyzed by EDAX. Optical properties of the as-synthesized samples were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy and the energy band gap was calculated by Tauc relation which shows a decrease in band gap with an increase in the amount of Graphene Oxide (GO) in the NCs. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency over a range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature. The value of dielectric constant decreases with an increase in frequency, this could be due to the existence of a polarization process at the border of the rGO sheets and Mg(OH)₂ NPs. The value of dielectric loss shows a decreasing trend with an increase in frequency whereas the larger value of AC conductivity in Mg(OH)₂–rGO NCs as compared to Mg(OH)₂ NPs approves the restoration of sp² network in the graphene sheets.     

Infrared photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons

The use of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) as infrared photodetectors is explored, based on recent results dealing with solar cells, light-emitting devices, photodetectors, and ultrafast lasers. IR detection is demonstrated by both RGO and GNRs in terms of the time-resolved photocurrent and photoresponse. The responsivity of the detectors and their functioning are presented.     

SnO2-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons as anodes for lithium ion batteries with enhanced cycling stability

A nanocomposite material of SnO2-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons has been developed. In this composite, the reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons are uniformly coated by nanosized SnO2 that formed a thin layer of SnO2 on the surface. When used as anodes in lithium ion batteries, the composite shows outstanding electrochemical performance with the high reversible discharge capacity of 1,027 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 165 cycles and 640 mAh/g at 3.0 A/g after 160 cycles with current rates varying from 0.1 to 3.0 A/g and no capacity decay after 600 cycles compared to the second cycle at a current density of 1.0 A/g. The high reversible capacity, good rate performance and excellent cycling stability of the composite are due to the synergistic combination of electrically conductive reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons and SnO2, The method developed here is practical for the large-scale development of anode materials for lithium ion batteries.     

纳米Fe2O3-还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及对双酚A的检测

双酚A（BPA）被广泛应用于食品包装材料中,它会引起人体内分泌失调,并导致免疫和生殖系统异常,因此对生活用水中BPA的检测十分重要。本文采用一步水热法合成纳米Fe₂O₃-还原氧化石墨烯（Fe₂O₃-rGO）复合材料并进行表征,基于Fe₂O₃-rGO复合材料构建电化学传感器Fe₂O₃-rGO/玻碳电极,用于检测水样中的BPA。通过FTIR、XRD和SEM分析,表明纳米Fe₂O₃粒子成功附着到rGO上;采用微分脉冲伏安法（DPV）进行BPA的电化学检测,结果显示BPA在0.1~100 μmol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为0.033 μmol/L（信噪比为3）。同时,Fe₂O₃-rGO/玻碳电极电化学传感器对电活性物质和常见金属离子具有良好的抗干扰能力,且实样检测结果理想。      

Ambient flash sintering of reduced graphene oxide/zirconia composites:Role of reduced graphene oxide

Fabrication of graphene/ceramic composites commonly requires a high-temperature sintering step with long times as well as a vacuum or inert atmosphere,which not only results in property degradation but also significant equipment complexity and manufacturing costs.In this work,the ambient flash sintering behavior of reduced graphene oxide/3 mol% yttria-stabilized ZrO₂(rGO/3 YSZ) composites utilizing rGO as both a composite component and a conductive additive is reported.When the sintering condition is carefully optimized,a dense and conductive composite can be achieved at room temperature and in the air within 20 s.The role of the rGO in the FS of the rGO/3 YSZ composites is elucidated,especially with the assistance of a separate investigation on the thermal runaway behavior of the rGO.The work suggests a promising fabrication route for rGO/ceramic composites where the vacuum and furnace are not needed,which is of interest in terms of simplifying the fabrication equipment for energy and cost savings.     

氧化石墨烯-SiO2杂化材料对环氧树脂拉伸性能的影响

为了提高环氧树脂的力学性能,采用一步合成法制备得到氧化石墨烯(GO)-SiO₂(GO-SiO₂)杂化材料,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对杂化材料的形貌进行表征,成功制得了具有三维结构的GO-SiO₂杂化材料;将GO、SiO₂颗粒和GO-SiO₂以相同的含量(质量分数均为0.1%)添加到环氧树脂中制备复合材料,利用万能强力仪测试复合材料的拉伸性能,比较3种填料对树脂基复合材料拉伸性能的影响;再分别将质量分数为0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的GO-SiO₂添加到环氧树脂中制备GO-SiO₂/环氧树脂复合材料,比较不同质量分数的GO-SiO₂对树脂基复合材料拉伸性能的影响;利用SEM对拉伸样条的断截面进行扫描测试,分析了不同种类和不同比例的填料对树脂基复合材料的增强增韧效果,并分析其增强增韧机制。结果表明: GO-SiO₂的增强增韧效果明显优于GO和SiO₂颗粒,当GO-SiO₂的添加质量分数为0.3%时,其增强增韧效果最佳。     

Spectroscopic studies of large sheets of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide monolayers prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett technique

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets prepared by chemical exfoliation were spread at the air-water interface and transferred to silicon substrates by Langmuir-Blodgett technique as closely spaced monolayers of 20-40 μm size. Hydrazine exposure followed by annealing in vacuum and argon ambient results in the formation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) monolayers, without significantly affecting the overall morphology of the sheets. The monolayer character of both GO and RGO sheets was ascertained by atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the reduction process results in a significant decrease in oxygen functionalities, accompanied by a substantial decrease in the ratio of non-graphitic to graphitic (sp² bonded) carbon in the monolayers from 1.2 to 0.35. Raman spectra of GO and RGO monolayers have shown that during the reduction process, the G-band shifts by 8-12 cm^− 1 and the ratio of the intensities of D-band to G-band, I(D)/I(G) decreases from 1.3 ± 0.3 to 0.8 ± 0.2, which is in tune with the smaller non-graphitic carbon content of RGO monolayers. The significant decrease in I(D)/I(G) has been explained by assuming that substantial order is present in precursor GO monolayers as well as RGO monolayers obtained by solid state reduction.     

还原氧化石墨烯@Ag2O改性TiO2基复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能

制备了还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）@Ag₂O共同改性TiO₂基复合材料（rGO@Ag₂O/TiO₂）,并研究了其可见光催化性能。结果表明,三元复合材料rGO@Ag₂O/TiO₂的可见光催化性能远优于一元纳米TiO₂和二元rGO/TiO₂、Ag₂O/TiO₂复合材料,当可见光照射120 min后,溶液中约100%的罗丹明B分子被rGO@Ag₂O/TiO₂降解。rGO@Ag₂O/TiO₂三元复合材料可见光催化效率的提高主要源于窄带隙半导体Ag₂O和高电导率材料rGO的引入,使形成的rGO@Ag₂O/TiO₂三元复合材料具有强的可见光吸收能力和光生电子空穴对分离能力。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Bi2Se3 /reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as efficient catalytic counter electrodefordye-sensitized solar cell

Bi₂Se₃/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite was successfully synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and applied as a counter electrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. By this means, the size and distribution of the formed Bi₂Se₃ nanoparticles onto a flexible graphene sheet were effectively controlled, which is crucial for achieving high electrocatalytic activity on I₃^? reduction. Mainly due to the homogeneous single-layer immobilization of Bi₂Se₃ nanoparticles on a graphene sheet with high density, BiG2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity and the lowest electrolyte diffusion resistance. Adye-sensitized solar cell with BiG2 as a counter electrode can yield 7.09% photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is comparable to that of the cell with a Pt-film counter electrode (6.23), exhibiting the application potential of BiG2 as a low cost non-Pt CE materials for DSSC.     

Robust magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of reduced graphene oxide loaded magnetic metal nanoparticle composites

With the increasing demand for microwave absorbing materials, to develop a microwave absorber with a simple synthesis process is of great significance to the field of protection. Herein we have successfully loaded iron-cobalt-nickel oxide (FeCoNiO_x) onto the as-prepared polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO) through a two-step process. The preparation method has mild reaction conditions without high temperature and pressure compared with the traditional method, which is conducive to large-scale production. Based on effectively combining dielectric loss and magnetic loss mechanism, the obtained material possesses excellent electromagnetic waves absorbing performance with the minimum RL value of ?36.28 dB. The results proved that the composites can be endowed with various microwave absorption effects by the adjustion of different component ratios. In addition, the microwave absorption mechanism was dicussed in detail, and we believe that the results of our research have certain guiding significance for preparation of efficient microwave absorbers.     

可磁分离ZnFe2O4-TiO2/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及光催化性能

以TiO2(P25)、 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、 Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,通过一步溶剂热法合成可磁分离的ZnFe2O4-TiO2/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合材料。采用UV-Vis、 Raman、 XRD、 SEM和EDS对ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO复合材料进行表征,并研究不同rGO比例的ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO对模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解性能。GO在溶剂热反应过程中,被还原成rGO。由于ZnFe2O4和rGO的加入,不仅使ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO实现对可见光的吸收,而且使其具有磁性,便于分离和回收利用。当GO质量分数为5wt%时, ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO显现出对MB最佳的光催化活性, 60 min光照后的降解率达到99.1%。通过光催化活性物种捕获实验得出ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO复合材料降解MB的过程中,活性物种主要为·OH和·O2-, TiO2导带(CB)中的光生电子(e+)转移到ZnFe2O4的价带(VB),遵循Z型转移机制。光催化剂稳定性实验表明, ZnFe2O4-TiO2/rGO复合材料具有优越的稳定性,可作为太阳光照射下降解有机染料的光催化剂。     

氧化石墨烯核-壳杂化粒子/硅橡胶介电弹性体复合材料的制备与性能

采用阳离子聚电解质聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)改性SiO₂, 再通过静电自组装制备了SiO₂-PDDA-氧化石墨烯(GO)核-壳杂化粒子。采用溶液共混法将SiO₂-PDDA-GO引入到高温硫化硅橡胶(SR)中, 制备了SiO₂-PDDA-GO/SR介电弹性体复合材料。结果表明:该方法能实现GO在SiO₂表面大面积的包覆, 解决了GO容易自聚集的问题, 且PDDA具有还原GO的作用, 无需再对GO核-壳杂化粒子/SR复合材料进行原位热还原, 简化了实验方案, 节能环保。SiO₂-PDDA-GO填充量为60wt% 时, 在100 Hz频率下, SiO₂-PDDA-GO/SR介电弹性体复合材料的介电常数为21.53, 是SR的11.6倍, 介电损耗保持较低值, 同时, 复合材料的模量保持在较低水平。在电场强度为2.48 kV/mm时, 60wt%的SiO₂-PDDA-GO/SR介电弹性体复合材料横向电致形变在同一电场强度下与SR相比增加了15倍。      

Reduced graphene oxide supersonically sprayed on wearable fabric and decorated with iron oxide for supercapacitor applications

We demonstrate the fabrication of wearable supercapacitor electrodes.The electrodes were applied to wearable fabric by supersonically spraying the fabric with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)followed by decoration with iron oxide(Fe2O3)nanoparticles via a hydrothermal process.The integration of iron oxide with rGO flakes on wearable fabric demonstrates immense potential for applications in high-energy-storage devices.The synergetic impact of the intermingled rGO flakes and Fe2O3 nanoparticles enhances the charge transport within the composite electrode,ultimately improving the overall electrochemical performance.Taking advantage of the porous nature of the fabric,electrolyte diffusion into the active rGO and Fe2O3 materials was significantly enhanced and subsequently increased the electrochemical interfacial activities.The effect of the Fe2O3 concentration on the overall electrochemical performance was investigated.The optimal composition yields a specific capacitance of 360 F g-1 at a current density of 1A g-1 with a capacitance retention rate of 89％after 8500 galvanostatic cycles,confirming the long-term stability of the Fe2O3/rGO fabric electrode.     

低温一步制备氧化石墨烯及微波还原研究

以天然鳞片石墨为原料,通过低温一步氧化制备氧化石墨烯,经微波热还原得到低缺陷的还原氧化石墨烯。讨论了低温氧化过程中氧化剂用量、氧化时间对氧化石墨烯层间距、氧化程度的影响。结果表明:在高锰酸钾与天然鳞片石墨的质量比为1∶3,氧化温度为0℃,氧化时间为48h的条件下,制备出碳氧原子比为1.98、高C—O结构、低缺陷结构( I D∶ I G=0.63)的氧化石墨烯,避免了Hummers制备过程中由于CO 2的形成导致六元环断裂以及碳原子的缺失而使得氧化石墨烯的缺陷增加;经微波热还原后,得到的还原氧化石墨烯的两点平均缺陷距离 L D=12nm,缺陷密度 n D=2.21×10 11 cm -2 , I D∶ I G仅为0.85(Γ G=32.1cm -1 ),制备出低缺陷的还原氧化石墨烯。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及其对NH3的敏感特性研究

石墨烯独特的原子结构赋予其电学、热学、力学等方面的优异性能,在诸多领域具有广泛的应用。氧化石墨烯不仅具有石墨烯结构特点,而且具有大量的含氧官能团,增强了对气体的吸附能力,更适合应用于气敏传感器。通过改进的Hummer方法制备了片状多层氧化石墨烯,并对不同浓度的NH3进行敏感特性测试。结果表明氧化石墨烯对NH3具有良好的响应,在(1.5～3.5)×10-4范围内呈线性关系。