基于时频分布的欠定混合矩阵盲辨识

针对欠定混合矩阵的盲辨识问题,提出了基于空间时频分布的盲辨识算法,首先计算信号的空间时频分布并找出源信号的自源时频点,然后把所有自源点对应的时频分布矩阵表示成高维矩阵的形式,再通过联合对角化和特征值分解估计出混合矩阵.该方法不需要假设源信号是稀疏的或独立的,此外通过检测能量足够大的自源时频点,提高了算法的鲁棒性.仿真结...     

基于JADE和平行因子分解的欠定混合盲辨识算法

针对源信号个数未知的欠定混合盲源分离问题,本文提出了一种基于特征矩阵联合近似对角化（Joint Approximate Diagonalization of Eigenmatrices, JADE）和平行因子分解的欠定混合盲辨识算法,该算法不需要源信号满足稀疏性要求,仅在源信号满足相互独立和最多一个高斯信号的条件下,通过将JADE算法中的样本四阶协方差矩阵叠加成三阶张量,再对此三阶张量进行平行因子分解来完成源信号数和混合矩阵的估计,由于平行因子分解的唯一辨识性在欠定条件下仍然满足,该算法能够解决欠定盲源分离问题。并对该欠定混合盲辨识算法进行了深入的分析。通过仿真实验,计算估计矩阵与混合矩阵的平均相关误差,结果表明本文提出的算法在适定和欠定混合时均具有很好的辨识效果,而且实现简单,可满足实际应用的要求。      

基于欠定盲源分离的同步跳频信号网台分选

针对同步跳频(FH)网台分选问题,该文提出一种基于时频域单源点检测的欠定盲源分离(UBSS)分选算法.该算法首先对观测信号时频变换,利用自适应阈值去噪算法消除时频矩阵背景噪声,增加算法抗噪性能,然后根据信号绝对方位差算法进行单源点检测,有效保证单源点的充分稀疏性,并通过改进的模糊值聚类算法完成混合矩阵和2维波达方向估计...     

基于欠定盲源分离的同步跳频信号网台分选

针对同步跳频(FH)网台分选问题,该文提出一种基于时频域单源点检测的欠定盲源分离(UBSS)分选算法.该算法首先对观测信号时频变换,利用自适应阈值去噪算法消除时频矩阵背景噪声,增加算法抗噪性能,然后根据信号绝对方位差算法进行单源点检测,有效保证单源点的充分稀疏性,并通过改进的模糊值聚类算法完成混合矩阵和2维波达方向估计,降低噪声和样本集分布差异对聚类结果的影响,提高估计精度.最后采用变步长的稀疏自适应子空间追踪(SASP)算法对源信号进行重构恢复.仿真实验表明,该算法在低信噪比(SNR)条件下,跳频信号波达方向估计和恢复精度较高,能够有效完成同步跳频信号的盲分离.     

基于盲源分离的多跳频信号网台分选算法

针对欠定条件下多跳频信号的网台分选问题,该文利用跳频信号在时频域上的稀疏性,提出了一种基于盲源分离的自适应信噪比网台分选算法。首先,用Gabor变换作为系统的时频变换建立欠定条件下跳频信号网台分选的模型;然后,采用了自适应信噪比的时频支撑点阈值设定方法寻找源信号的时频单源点,根据时频单源点的时频比矩阵估计出混合矩阵;最后,利用与信源相对功率偏差相结合的改进的子空间投影法进行网台分选。仿真实验验证了该算法在低信噪比条件下的有效性。      

基于时频分析的混合矩阵估计方法

在盲源分离信号处理中,尤其在欠定条件下(观测信号数目大于源信号数目),精确的估计混合矩阵是具有挑战性的问题。现存部分方法利用信号的稀疏性进行求解,并假设在时域或者时频域中源信号不重叠,然而这类方法在假设条件不满足,即源信号部分重叠情况下随着信号稀疏性降低性能恶化明显。本文针对具有较弱稀疏性的源信号,提出了一种基于时频分析的欠定盲源分离的混合矩阵估计方法。首先,利用源信号时频变换后系数实部与虚部比值的差异性选择单源点;其次,运用经典的聚类方法估计解混合矩阵的各向量。仿真结果表明:提出的方法简易可行并具有较好的估计性能。      

一种时频域加权张量分解的欠定盲源分离方法

针对欠定瞬时混合模型,提出了一种基于时频域加权张量分解的欠定盲源分离方法。该算法利用短时傅立叶二次分布无交叉项及Wigner-Ville分布高分辨率的特性,在传统最小二乘代价函数基础上对WVD自由项时频点所构成张量进行加权调整,解决可能存在的数据丢失问题,同时施加Tikhonov准则处理由二次分布的边缘聚集性所引起的负值,采用LM算法最小化代价函数估计出混合矩阵,实现源信号的有效分离。     

经时频掩码的欠定混叠信号的盲提取

针对欠定非完全稀疏信号的盲源估计问题,提出了一个新颖的盲提取算法。算法融合非完全稀疏信号的盲提取算法和DUET方法,先利用已估计的混叠矩阵计算源信号的提取矢量和源方向的法矢量,再经线性变换更新混叠信号和混叠矩阵,后采用时频掩码方法恢复源信号。几个语音信号的实验显示算法的性能和实用性。     

混响环境下基于卷积模型的欠定盲源分离

为了提高盲源分离(blind source separation,BSS)算法在混响和噪声环境下的鲁棒性,提出了一种适用于欠定情况下用于卷积混合信号的盲源分离算法.在该算法中,利用高混响环境下混合模型即使在时频(time-frequency,TF)域中仍具有卷积特性,并结合房间冲激响应(room impulse res...     

基于三阶统计量的欠定盲源分离方法

盲源分离(BSS)在缺失源信号信息及信息混合方式信息的情况下,仅利用观测信号实现源信号恢复,是信号处理中的重要手段。欠定盲源分离(UBSS)中观测信号少于源信号数目,因此,相较于正定/超定情形,其更接近现实情况。然而,观测信号往往受到噪声干扰,传统基于2阶统计量和信号稀疏性的欠定盲源分离结果对噪声较为敏感。鉴于3阶统计量在处理对称分布噪声时的优势,该文利用观测信号的3阶统计信息实现混合矩阵的估计。考虑到源信号的自相关特性,计算多时延下观测信号一系列的3阶统计信息,并堆叠成4阶张量,进而将混合矩阵估计问题转化为4阶张量的典范双峰分解问题。该文进一步利用广义高斯模型和期望最大算法实现源信号的恢复。1000次蒙特卡罗实验表明该文算法能够有效抑制噪声的影响。针对3×4混合模型,当信噪比为15 dB时,该文算法对混合矩阵的平均估计误差达到–20.35 dB,所恢复出的源信号与真实源信号之间的平均绝对相关系数达0.84,与现有方法相比,取得了最好的分离结果。     

基于两步法稀疏分量分析的欠定盲源分离

分析了解决欠定盲源分离问题的稀疏分量分析方法。首先讨论了数据矩阵稀疏表示（分解）的方法,其次重点讨论了基于稀疏因式分解方法的盲源分离。该盲源分离技术分两步．一步是估计混合矩阵,第二步是估计源矩阵。如源信号是高度稀疏的,盲分离可直接在时域内实现。否则．对观测的混合矩阵运用小波包变换预处理后才能进行。仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

On the Use of Spatial Time Frequency Distributions for Signal Extraction

This paper deals with the extraction of signals from their instantaneous linear mixtures using time-frequency distributions. Fundamentally, this problem is a signal synthesis from the time-frequency (t-f) plane. However with the incorporation of the spatial information provided by a multisensor array, the problem can be posed as special case of blind source separation. So far, the blind source separation has been solved using only statistical information available on the source signals. Herein, we propose to solve the aforementioned problem using time-frequency signal representations and the spatial array aperture. The proposed approach relies on the difference in the t-f signatures of the sources to be separated. It is based on the diagonalization of a combined set of spatial time-frequency distribution matrices. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our method.     

Fast Approximate Joint Diagonalization Incorporating Weight Matrices

We propose a new low-complexity approximate joint diagonalization (AJD) algorithm, which incorporates nontrivial block-diagonal weight matrices into a weighted least-squares (WLS) AJD criterion. Often in blind source separation (BSS), when the sources are nearly separated, the optimal weight matrix for WLS-based AJD takes a (nearly) block-diagonal form. Based on this observation, we show how the new algorithm can be utilized in an iteratively reweighted separation scheme, thereby giving rise to fast implementation of asymptotically optimal BSS algorithms in various scenarios. In particular, we consider three specific (yet common) scenarios, involving stationary or block-stationary Gaussian sources, for which the optimal weight matrices can be readily estimated from the sample covariance matrices (which are also the target-matrices for the AJD). Comparative simulation results demonstrate the advantages in both speed and accuracy, as well as compliance with the theoretically predicted asymptotic optimality of the resulting BSS algorithms based on the weighted AJD, both on large scale problems with matrices of the size 100$,times,$100.      

基于自相关和时频分析的跳频参数估计

为解决低信噪比条件下跳频参数估计算法性能低的问题,提出了一种基于自相关和时频分析的跳频参数估计算法。首先,采用基于能量检测的分段自相关算法对接收端信号进行预处理;然后,进行时频变换,得到信号的时频矩阵,通过二值化和形态学滤波完成对信号的降噪提取;最后,通过聚类算法完成参数估计。仿真实验表明,该算法具有较高的估计精度和良好的抗噪声性能,在信噪比最低为-11 dB时估计误差数量级仍为10^-7,同时自相关运算对参数估计算法的抗噪声性能具有明显的提高作用。     

通道误差对时频-MUSIC算法性能的影响和校正

提出了修正空间时频分布(STFD)矩阵的到达角(DOA)估计算法,该算法可实现对宽带线性调频信号的DOA估计;分析了通道不一致对算法性能的影响,建立了宽带信号模型的通道误差模型;给出了均匀直线阵列(ULA)情况下通道不一致的无源校正算法,该算法通过先粗测信号DOA,据此将修正STFD矩阵进行变换,变换后矩阵具有Toeplitz结构,通过恢复其Toeplitz结构来实现通道误差校正.     

Blind separation of linear instantaneous mixtures of nonstationary surface myoelectric signals

Electromyographic (EMG) recordings detected over the skin may be mixtures of signals generated by different active muscles due to the phenomena related to volume conduction. Separation of the sources is necessary when single muscle activity has to be detected. Signals generated by different muscles may be considered uncorrelated but in general overlap in time and frequency. Under certain assumptions, mixtures of surface EMG signals can be considered as linear instantaneous but no a priori information about the mixing matrix is available when different muscles are active. In this study, we applied blind source separation (BSS) methods to separate the signals generated by two active muscles during a force-varying task. As the signals are non stationary, an algorithm based on spatial time-frequency distributions was applied on simulated and experimental EMG signals. The experimental signals were collected from the flexor carpi radialis and the pronator teres muscles which could be activated selectively for wrist flexion and rotation, respectively. From the simulations, correlation coefficients between the reference and reconstructed sources were higher than 0.85 for signals largely overlapping both in time and frequency and for signal-to-noise ratios as low as 5 dB. The Choi-Williams and Bessel kernels, in this case, performed better than the Wigner-Ville one. Moreover, the selection of time-frequency points for the procedure of joint diagonalization used in the BSS algorithm significantly influenced the results. For the experimental signals, the interference of the other source in each reconstructed source was significantly attenuated by the application of the BSS method. The ratio between root-mean-square values of the signals from the two sources detected over one of the muscles increased from (mean +/- standard deviation) 2.33 +/- 1.04 to 4.51 +/- 1.37 and from 1.55 +/- 0.46 to 2.72 +/- 0.65 for wrist flexion and rotation, respectively. This increment was statistically significant. It was concluded that the BSS approach applied is promising for the separation of surface EMG signals, with applications ranging from muscle assessment to detection of muscle activation intervals, and to the control of myoelectric prostheses.     

一种利用结构特点实现复数域联合对角化解盲源分离新算法研究及应用

联合对角化方法是求解盲源分离问题的有力工具.但是现存的联合对角化算法大都只能求解实数域盲源分离问题,且对目标矩阵有诸多限制.为了求解更具一般性的复数域盲源分离问题,提出了一种基于结构特点的联合对角化（Structural Traits Based Joint Diagonalization,STBJD）算法,既取消了预白化操作解除了对目标矩阵的正定性限制,又允许目标矩阵组为复值,具有极广的适用性.首先,引入矩阵变换,将待联合对角化的复数域目标矩阵组转化为新的具有鲜明结构特点的实对称目标矩阵组.随后,构建联合对角化最小二乘代价函数,引入交替最小二乘迭代算法求解代价函数,并在优化过程中充分挖掘所涉参量的结构特点加以利用.最终,求得混迭矩阵的估计并据此恢复源信号.仿真实验证明与现存的有代表性的对目标矩阵无特殊限制的复数域联合对角化算法FAJD算法及CVFFDIAG算法相比,STBJD算法具有更高的收敛精度,能有效地解决盲源分离问题.     

A time-frequency blind separation method for underdetermined speech mixtures

The proposed Blind Source Separation method （BSS）, based on sparse representations, fuses time-frequency analysis and the clustering approach to separate underdetermined speech mixtures in the anechoic case regardless of the number of sources. The method remedies the insufficiency of the Degenerate Unmixing Estimation Technique （DUET） which assumes the number of sources a priori. In the proposed algorithm, the Short-Time Fourier Transform （STFT） is used to obtain the sparse representations, a clustering method called Unsupervised Robust C-Prototypes （URCP） which can accurately identify multiple clusters regardless of the number of them is adopted to replace the histogram-based technique in DUET, and the binary time-frequency masks are constructed to separate the mixtures. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method results in a substantial increase in the average Signal-to-Interference Ratio （SIR）, and maintains good speech quality in the separation results.