多灯串街道照明系统数字LED驱动解决方案

LED厂商建议通过控制正向电流使发光二极管保持额定的光通量和特定的色温。鉴于LED的亮度与正向电流值成正比,这个控制方法是最佳的LED电源解决方案。此外,LED的正向电压与输出功率受到结温的严格限制,特别是大功率LED更是如此;结温是众所周知的影响质量和使用寿命的关键参数。准确地说,随着结温升高,正向电压与输出     

大功率LED结温测量及发光特性研究

介绍了基于正向电压法原理自行研制的大功率LED结温测试系统,结温定量测量精度可达±0.5 ℃.利用该系统对不同芯片结构与不同封装工艺的大功率LED热阻进行了测量比较,并对不同结温的大功率LED发光特性进行了研究.结果表明,不同结构芯片温度-电压系数K明显不同;采用热导率更高的粘结材料和共晶焊工艺固定LED芯片,会明显降低封装层次引入的热阻.结温对光辐射功率有直接影响,若保持结温恒定,光辐射功率随电流增大线性增加;若保持外部散热条件不变,热阻大的芯片内部热量积累较快,导致结温上升速度更快,光效随电流增加而下降的趋势也更为严重.     

基于脉冲式U-I 特性的高功率型LED 热学特性测试

热学特性是影响功率型LED光学和电学特性的主要因素之一,设计了一套基于脉冲式U-I特性的功率型LED热学特性测试系统,可以测试在不同结温下LED工作电流与正向电压的关系,从而获得LED的热学特性参数。该系统通过产生窄脉冲电流来驱动LED,对其峰值时的电压电流进行采样,同时控制和采集LED的热沉温度,从而获得不同温度下LED的U-I特性曲线。与其他U-I测试系统相比,文中采用了窄脉冲(1 s)工作电流,LED器件PN结区处于发热与散热的交替过程,不会造成大的热积累,大大提高了测量精度。实验中,对某功率型LED进行了测试,获得了该器件的电压、电流和结温特性曲线,并利用B样条建立该器件的U-I-T模型,进而实现了对其结温的实时在线检测。     

对大功率LED车灯芯片结温部分关键影响因素的研究

针对LED车灯芯片照明过程中结温过高的问题,文中对影响芯片结温高低的两种关键因素:LED车灯芯片内部发光源间距和芯片排布间距进行研究,以求有效降低芯片结温。通过ANSYS Workbench16.0软件进行芯片热仿真模拟,随后利用恒温测试平台对仿真结果可靠性进行了验证。验证结果表明,合理设置LED车灯芯片内部发光源之间的间距能有效降低芯片结温,最高可降低8.249 ℃;同时,适当增加LED车灯芯片之间排布间距亦可有效降低结温0.5 ℃。     

功率LED结温和热阻在不同电流下性质研究

通过对不同驱动电流下各种颜色LED结温和热阻测量,发现各种颜色LED的热阻值均随驱动电流的增加而变大,其中基于InGaN材料的蓝光和白光LED工作在小于额定电流下时,热阻上升迅速;驱动电流大于额定电流时,热阻上升速率变缓。其他颜色LED热阻随驱动电流变化速率基本不变。结温也随驱动电流的增加而变大。相同驱动电流下,基于AlGaInP材料的1W红色、橙色LED的结温要低于基于InGaN材料的蓝色、绿色、白色LED的结温。分别用正向电压法和红外热像仪法测量了实验室自制的1 mm×1 mm蓝光芯片结温,比较了两种方法的优缺点。结果表明,电学法测量简单快捷,测量结果可以满足要求。     

采用动态差分模型表征脉冲驱动LED电热特性

为了研究不同驱动方式下LED结温的差异性,依据LED热结构模型,从功率传递角度构建了差分型LED电-热动态模型,利用相同平均功率、不同频率的注入电功率,计算脉冲驱动条件下的LED结温.同时,采用正向电压法测量实际结温,对模型预测结温的准确性进行了分析.研究表明,差分模型能够表征脉冲驱动方式下LED电热特性,其理论预测值与实测值误差约为4℃,基本能够满足工程应用要求.更有意义的是,采用差分模型,能够分析在特定驱动条件下,LED热容、热阻等参数对结温的影响,为不同驱动模式下LED个性化结构设计提供了理论基础.     

非接触式LED结温测试

研究和分析了用LED的发光强度来表征LED的相对辐射强度和结温之间存在的线性关系,据此设计并实现了类似于正向电压法,基于相对辐射强度的非接触式测试系统,使用NI USB6210数据采集卡在虚拟仪器平台上完成了图像采集、图像处理、线性拟合、界面设计的任务,得到相对辐射强度值与结温之间的关系,根据线性拟合关系式可得到被测器件的结温。本系统具有界面简洁、算法可靠和结果稳定的优点,使用该系统分别对单颗LED和LED阵列的实验数据进行拟合发现结温和相对辐射强度之间具有较好的线性关系,从而验证了非接触LED结温测试系统的可靠性。     

基于AVR的新型LED无线智能调光系统设计

设计了一种基于AVR单片机的LED智能无线调光系统。该系统驱动电源部分采用高度集成反激型电源拓扑结构,采用MAX16802作为LED的恒流驱动器,调光部分采用ATmeagel6单片机作为控制核心,利用AVR单片机定时器的精确定时来产生占空比可调的PWM信号对LED灯进行调光。无线控制模块采用体积小、成本低、功耗小的红外遥控,实验结果显示所设计的LED调光系统效率高、满足大功率LED照明的电压电流工作要求,具有良好的无线调光功能。     

一体化封装LED结温测量与发光特性研究

基于一体化封装基板,制备了大功率白光LED。以低热阻的一体化封装基板为基础,设计了结温测量系统。利用光谱仪测得不同结温下LED的光电参数,并对其机理进行了分析。在工作电流为0.34A,所研究温度范围为10.8～114.9℃。实验结果表明,一体化封装的LED结温与正向电压、光通量、光效和色温有着良好的线性关系;结温的变化对主波长及色坐标影响甚微;结温的上升导致蓝光段强度下降且光谱发生红移,黄光段强度上升且光谱发生宽化,峰值波长由450nm转为550nm。     

采用双光谱参数表征GaN基蓝色LED的结温

设计了一种采用双光谱参数表征GaN基蓝色LED结 温的新方法。采用光谱仪(OSA)测量不同环境温度、不同脉冲电流驱动下,GaN基蓝色LED的 光谱分布,先忽略脉冲电流的热效应,构建驱动电流、质心波长 、半高全宽(FWHM)和结温四者之 间的关系;然后利用该关系,结合实际点灯条件下LED的光谱分布,计算出对应的LED结温和 驱动电流。再根据统计 得到的GaN基蓝色LED脉冲电流-结温修正系数,对所得结温进行修正,得到考虑脉冲电流 热效应后更准确的LED结 温。研究表明,不同类型的LED脉冲电流-结温修正系数差别较小,当脉宽为2ms时,1W G aN基蓝色LED的脉冲电 流-结温修正系数为－5℃/A。与正向电压法相比,采用双光谱参数法得到的结温平均误差 约为2℃。因此,双光谱参数法可以 较准确地测量GaN基蓝色LED的结温。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.