微乳液法制备条件对纳米SiO_2粒子形貌和粒径分布的影响

研究TritonX - 10 0 /正辛醇 /环己烷 /水 (或氨水 )微乳液稳定相行为与制备条件的关系 ,发现K〔m(TritonX - 10 0 )∶m(正辛醇 )〕 =1 5 ,而水相是氨水时微乳液系统有较宽单相W/O型微乳区 ,是正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)水解制备纳米SiO2 粒子的适宜介质系统。在h〔n(H2 O)∶n(TEOS)〕 =4 ,R〔n(H2 O)∶n(TritonX - 10 0 )〕 =6 5和K =1 5的条件下 ,TEOS受控水解制得疏松球形无定形晶态SiO2 粒子 ,粒度分析表明 99 7%粒径为 4 0～ 5 0nm     

有机–无机杂化超疏水涂层的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为前驱体、硅丙树脂为成膜物质,制备了有机-无机杂化超疏水材料.在对用该材料获得超疏水涂层的研究中,考察了硅丙树脂的含量,比值n(MTES)/n(TEOS)、n(C_2H_5OH)/n(TEOS)和n(NH_3·H_2O)/n(TEOS)对涂层性能的影响.测试结果表明,当硅丙树脂加入量占总物料量的25%(质量分数),摩尔比n(TEOS)∶n(MTES)∶n(C_2H_5OH)∶n(NH_3·H_2O)为1∶4∶30∶10时,涂层具有良好的疏水性和均匀的外观结构,涂层静态水接触角可达156°.     

正硅酸乙酯溶胶-凝胶行为的超声波原位监测研究

利用超声波原位监测的方法,研究了酸催化条件下正硅酸乙酯的溶胶-凝胶行为,得到信号特征值随反应的变化曲线,结合红外和电镜图谱,对结果进行了分析。研究表明,低温利于水解,高温利于缩合,80℃的反应温度相对适合;相同温度下,当H2O/TEOS=8∶1时,正硅酸乙酯水解-缩合的过程最短。由此考察了超声波监测信号特征值变化与正硅酸乙酯溶胶-凝胶反应过程的联系,可获得过程中粒子形成、粒径变化、反应程度以及凝胶生成等信息,提供了一种材料制备过程中实时在线的监测和研究手段。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备γ-缩水甘油醚丙基三甲氧基硅烷/正硅酸乙酯杂化材料研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备γ-缩水甘油醚丙基三甲氧基硅烷/正硅酸乙酯(GPTMS/TEOS)杂化材料,采用正交实验法对H2O与S i的摩尔比、GPTMS与TEOS摩尔比、水解时间等影响材料性能的因素进行了优化,用热失重(TGA)和动电位扫描法研究分析了该材料的结构、耐热及防腐保护性能。结果表明:当GPTMS∶TEOS=1∶3(摩尔比),H2O∶S i=11.25∶1(摩尔比)时,该材料的耐热性及防腐保护性能最优,X射线衍射分析表明,该材料结构为非晶态结构。     

KH 570改性硅溶胶的研制

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解制备硅溶胶,在水解反应的同时直接引入γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH 570),制得KH 570改性硅溶胶。研究了反应温度、配料比等工艺条件对改性硅溶胶性能的影响,结果表明,在温度50℃、反应体系p H值为8、n(H2O)∶n(TEOS)∶n(KH 570)∶n(C2H5OH)∶n(NH3·H2O)=6∶1∶1∶6∶0.08、持续水解反应5 h条件下,制得的KH 570改性硅溶胶的蓝光效果最佳,固体质量分数达24.9%,表现出良好的稳定性,并对产物进行了红外、热稳定性、粒径、扫描电镜的测试和表征,证实已成功制得KH 570改性硅溶胶。     

SiO_2气凝胶的常温法合成研究及表征

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,采用酸、碱两步催化的溶胶-凝胶法,通过L9（34）四因素三水平正交试验,研究了无水乙醇（ETOH）、草酸（H2C2O4）和氨水（NH3 H2O）之间的摩尔比以及酸碱间隔时间对气凝胶性能的影响,并对所得产品结构和性能进行了比表面（BET）、傅立叶转换、红外线光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征,从而首次实现了SiO2气凝胶的常温合成。实验结果表明：原料最佳摩尔比为TEOS∶ETOH∶H2C2O4∶NH3.H2O=1∶7∶3.5∶2.5,酸碱最佳间隔时间为18 h,SiO2气凝胶的平均粒径为6.58 nm,密度为100 kg/m3,孔径分布为2～30 nm,比表面达到938.17 m2/g,室温条件下合成的SiO2气凝胶,不亚于高温合成法的产品性能。     

莫来石纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶隔热材料的制备工艺研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,氢氟酸(HF)为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法及超临界干燥技术制备了莫来石纤维增强S iO2气凝胶隔热材料,研究了HF催化剂、溶剂等制备因素对溶胶-凝胶过程的影响。结果表明,加入HF可以大大加快凝胶化过程,使凝胶时间从几小时缩短至几分钟;溶剂EtOH对凝胶化过程有明显的抑制作用,凝胶时间随其用量的增加而增加;H2O对凝胶化过程的影响比较复杂,凝胶时间随其用量的增加先减后增,转折点处水硅摩尔比为5∶1;气凝胶制备过程中加入甲酰胺可以调节凝胶内部网络结构,防止干燥时由于应力不均而开裂或破裂;适宜的原料配比(摩尔比)为:TEOS∶H2O∶HF∶EtOH∶甲酰胺=1∶(4~6)∶(0.05~0.1)∶(3~6)∶(0.3~0.5)。     

长余辉发光材料的硅溶胶表面包覆研究

采用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为原料，通过溶胶-凝胶法对铝酸锶型长余辉发光粉颗粒表面包覆氧化硅膜，防止发光粉的水解失效。试验以草酸作催化剂，分别讨论了乙醇、水、催化剂对包膜效果的影响，最终确定硅溶胶制备的工艺条件[n（TEOS）：n（EtOH）：n（H2O）为1：4：8]。经耐水性、激发光谱、发射光谱以及长余辉性能测试，发光粉与SiO2的比为10：4时就可以很好地防止水解，晶体结构不会发生变化，初始亮度为包膜前的95.9％，余辉时间长达12h。     

纳米SiO_2制备方法研究

以溶胶—凝胶法(sol-gel)为基础,乙醇作溶剂,在氨水催化作用下,研究了正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)通过水解聚合反应制备Si O2微球的方法,并探讨n(水)/n(TEOS)(简称H)及反应时间等因素的影响。本实验借助激光散射粒度分布分析仪研究Si O2微球在溶液态的分布情况,同时使用SEM对烘烤干燥后的Si O2微球进行表征,该方法制得的纳米Si O2微球分布集中,平均粒径在90 nm左右。     

混合前驱体常压干燥制备SiO2气凝胶及其性能研究

本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)作为混合硅源,通过两步溶胶-壤胶法和常压干燥工艺制备出轻质多孔的SiO2气凝胶,并采用凝胶时间的测定、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和BET吸附等手段对SiO2气凝胶进行了表征,研究了水和前驱比(物质的量)、乙醇(EtOH)和前驱体比(物质的量)、碱浓度对溶胶-凝胶过程和SiO2气凝胶性能的影响.实验结果表明:前驱体:H2O∶ EtOH∶ HCl∶ HH4OH的物质的量为1∶4∶6∶1.8×10-3∶0.144时制备出的SiO2气凝胶性能最优,其密度、比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为0.15 g·cm-3、944m2 ·g-1、2.264cm3·g-1和9.592 nm.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.