液化石油气罐区火灾危险性定量评价

分析了液化石油气的危险特性及其火灾主要特点，分别运用火球热辐射和池火焰热辐射伤害数学模型，结合热辐射破坏准则，对液化石油气罐区火灾危险性进行了定量评价，确定了液化气罐区火灾的严重度、伤害范围等；并结合事故案例对该评价方法进行了阐述，其计算结果与该工厂火灾事故调查资料吻合较好。     

LNG接收站储罐区集液池的设计

结合LNG接收站的工程设计,对LNG接收站储罐区的泄漏点进行辨识及分析,并结合国内标准规范及NFPA59A—2019对LNG的泄漏量、集液池容积、蒸汽云扩散隔离区范围及火灾热辐射影响范围进行分析,为接收站的选址及总平面布置提供设计依据。     

LNG接收站集液池池火抑制技术分析

为了减轻LNG接收站集液池池火危害,本文通过减小集液池的表面积尺寸、采用高倍数泡沫系统和采用FOAMGLAS~PFS~系统三个方面展开分析。运用PHAST软件对该集液池池火的热辐射影响范围进行模拟分析,结果发现:同等条件下(如风速、大气稳定度、地表粗糙度等),集液池表面积越小,池火的热辐射影响范围越小;采用高倍数泡沫系统后,集液池的池火热辐射影响范围比无泡沫情况下明显减小。国外已有试验数据证明FOAMGLAS~PFS~(TM)可以达到很好的控火效果,表明在国内推广该法扑救集液池池火具有重要的意义,但仍然需要进一步的研究。     

池火灾事故后果模拟

池火灾是可燃液体储罐区易发生的主要火灾类型。本文总结了mudan池火灾计算模型,结合人员、设备等的热辐射受损模型和多米诺二次事故概率模型,模拟了有风情况下池火灾的事故后果,分别得到了上风向和下风向池火灾热通量关系图,伤害/破坏半径以及多米诺二次事故频率。     

甲醇储罐区火灾后果危险性评价

石油化工企业存在的最严重的事故后果主要为储罐泄漏导致发生的火灾爆炸的事故。由于装储工艺流程简单、装置设备少、事故类型少的特性,往往容易使操作人员形成侥幸心理,容易造成误操作及违规操作。运用池火灾模型对某公司的甲醇储罐区泄漏进行模拟分析,得出了当甲醇储罐泄露发生池火灾时,距离液池中心不同范围内,设备的损失情况与停留在该区域内人员伤亡情况,划分危险区域范围。     

航空煤油罐区煤油泄漏事故后果模拟分析

以某航空煤油罐区为研究对象,基于PHAST软件模拟航空煤油泄漏之后发生的燃烧、爆炸过程,研究了池火灾热辐射影响范围、蒸气云爆炸冲击波的影响距离.研究结果表明:1#储罐发生池火灾事故时,对2#储罐造成强烈的热辐射作用,有可能导致其坍塌失效,对3#储罐没有损坏的危险.考虑大风天气的影响,在事故点下风向155 m,侧风向14...     

LNG储罐泄漏扩散火灾后果分析

对液化天然气在储存和运输过程中发生泄漏并引发火灾、爆炸等重大事故过程进行了分析,针对发生泄漏的具体情况,以高斯模型和ILO模型为基础,开发了可视化LNG泄漏后果分析软件,可以获得火灾危害的定量数据、泄漏后浓度扩散范围和热辐射通量图。软件数据库中含有石油化工常用物质的各种物性参数;界面友好,过程简单易操作;评价结果客观、真实、可靠。     

模拟液化烃储罐火灾爆炸事故的定量分析研究

模拟液化烃储罐发生火灾爆炸事故,采用TNT当量法和热辐射通量法分别对满罐液化烃造成的蒸气云爆炸冲击波伤害区域和热辐射伤害区域进行了定量计算;并在此基础上,进一步着重分析了不同充装系数下对其结果的影响。     

池火灾评价法应用于储罐区安全评价

新疆某煤化公司的储罐区储有石油脑、甲醇等危险化学品,这些物品具有可燃性、易挥发性,应加强管理。在储运过程中,由于装置失效、工艺失控、雷击、人员误操作等原因,储罐存在一定程度上的泄漏、溢流、溅出等事故风险。通过采用池火灾模型对该区域进行重大事故后果模拟,计算出液池半径、火焰高度、热辐射通量、伤亡半径,用matlab软件进行模拟,验证计算结果,并提出建议、整改措施,这些结论对事故风险预防、应急救援活动具有指导意义。     

基于安全视角的液化石油气储罐消防设计

液化石油气是工业和民用中应用十分广泛的一种燃料。由于它具有易燃、易爆等危险性,在生产、运输和使用中极易发生火灾和爆炸事故。液化石油气储罐在周围发生火灾时,由于火灾对容器表面的热辐射和对流传热的影响,会使储罐发生一系列的热响应。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage in the case of fully adiabatic electron transition

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage and on the width at half maximum of the current-overvoltage curve is studied. A number of the approximate expressions for the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are obtained in the fully adiabatic limit for different particular cases. It is shown that at small values of the coupling of the electronic levels of the electrodes with the valence orbital of the redox molecule and the small values of the bias voltage two regions of the reorganization Gibbs energy exist with different dependence of the width on the reorganization Gibbs energy. The results of calculations of the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are presented and used for the interpretation of the experimental data [N.G. Tao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4066, I. Visoly-Fisher, K. Daie, Y. Terazono, C. Herrero, F. Fungo, L. Otero, E. Durantini, J.J. Silber, L. Sereno, D. Gust, T.A. Moore, A.L. Moore, S.M. Lindsay, PNAS 103 (2006) 8686].     

煤的溶胀处理对药用腐植酸提取的影响研究

以气煤、肥煤、焦煤、瘦煤为样煤,进行了样煤的粉碎、有机溶剂溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,考察了处理后煤样中的药用腐植酸得率。结果表明,吡啶和N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮是溶胀较好的溶剂;样煤粉碎后,随着粒度的减小,煤的溶胀率增加;粒度粉碎至200目的气、肥煤经吡啶溶胀和硝酸氧化后,煤样的药用腐植酸得率可达到73.0%和71.4%,而经甲醇溶胀和硝酸氧化的200目气煤药用腐植酸得率为56.4%和58.4%。实验结果表明,煤样经过溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,对药用腐植酸的提取有促进作用。     

微通道内流体流动对聚酰胺微胶囊壁面褶皱的影响分析及应用

流体流动诱导微胶囊膜起皱和变形是一个普遍存在的现象。针对这一现象已有一些模拟和实验研究,但是对于微通道内不同因素对于微胶囊褶皱情况的影响以及褶皱的存在对于微胶囊实际膜面积和粒径的影响等方面却鲜有探讨。针对这一问题,本文制备了具有褶皱膜的聚酰胺微胶囊,并提出通过溶剂浸泡法将微胶囊膜褶皱伸展开,以分析微胶囊的实际膜面积和实际粒径。同时,定义了褶皱度的概念,将抽象的褶皱情况数值化,使分析更为方便。最终,通过研究分析发现,由于与流体剪切力正相关,流体流量和黏度的增大会导致微胶囊褶皱度增加;当这两者固定时,微胶囊粒径的改变对其褶皱度基本无影响。在应用方面,微胶囊壁面褶皱情况的分析为制备单核双壁式微胶囊提供了一种新思路。     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

纤维素稀酸水解产物中发酵抑制物的去除方法

在纤维素稀酸水解发酵制乙醇的过程中,由于弱酸、呋喃衍生物和苯系化合物对微生物的影响,乙醇的产量和产率都不高。针对国内对这些抑制物质的去除研究较少的现状,重点介绍了国外去除纤维素稀酸水解产物中发酵抑制物的各种方法,这些方法能有效地降低各种抑制物质的影响,从而能够获得更高的乙醇产量和产率。