高效介微孔复合分子筛加氢脱硫催化剂制备方法研究

以Co、Mo作为金属活性组分,采用不同的制备方法制备以ZSM-5/KIT-1(ZK-1)介微孔复合分子筛为载体的担载型加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis)表征手段分析其结构;以3(w)%的CS_2/环己烷溶液为硫化液,500×10~(-6)的二苯并噻吩/十氢萘溶液为原料液,在小型固定床反应器中评价催化剂的加氢脱硫反应活性。实验结果表明,采用粉末过量共浸渍、再压片成型方法制备的ZK-1担载型HDS催化剂催化活性明显高于其他制备方法,脱硫率达到93.5%,为较好的ZK-1担载型HDS催化剂的制备方法。     

含介孔ZSM-5分子筛MoCoP/Al_2O_3催化剂的加氢脱硫反应性能研究

以含介孔ZSM-5分子筛的Al_2O_3为载体,制备了含介孔ZSM-5分子筛的Mo CoP/Al_2O_3催化剂,采用固定床微反和中试评价装置考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫活性,并通过N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外、X射线衍射(XRD)、CO原位吸附红外(CO-FTIR)等手段对载体和催化剂进行物化性质分析。结果表明,介孔ZSM-5能够提高催化剂的酸性,增加催化剂上Mo CoS活性相的数量。含介孔ZSM-5分子筛的催化剂的酸性位容易被含氮化合物占据而影响HDS活性。采用级配装填技术可以充分发挥C12-ZSM5催化剂的加氢脱硫活性,能够将硫脱除至5. 9 ng/μL,其相对脱硫活性是C-Al_2O_3催化剂的1. 47倍。     

改性介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂制备及催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能

将微孔ZSM-5分子筛通过不同浓度的氢氧化钠溶液处理不同的时间制备不同的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛,然后负载五氧化二磷制备介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,对介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂进行甲苯甲醇烷基化反应评价。其中氢氧化钠溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、处理时间为30 min得到的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的活性较高。对介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂进一步采用铂进行改性,将制备的催化剂用于甲苯甲醇烷基化反应,在460 ℃条件下连续反应505 h,甲苯转化率保持在10.9%,二甲苯中对二甲苯的选择性保持在96%以上。研究结果表明,五氧化二磷、铂改性的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有优异的甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能。     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的加氢脱硫性能

以四头聚季铵盐为模板合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛为载体、Pd为金属组分制备新型介孔分子筛基Pd催化剂,考察其对4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫活性,并与其他催化剂进行对比。结果表明,与常规ZSM-5分子筛基Pd催化剂和γ-Al2O3基Pd催化剂相比,以多级孔ZSM-5分子筛为载体制备的Pd催化剂表现出更高的加氢脱硫活性。该催化剂同时具有介孔和B酸中心,为4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩的异构化和脱硫反应提供了更多的活性中心,使其能够发生甲基异构化反应,生成3,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩后进行氢解脱硫。     

碱改性ZSM-5分子筛制备与催化加氢脱硫芳构化性能

采用0.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液以及浓度均为0.2 mol/L的NaOH和TPAOH的混合溶液,分别对ZSM-5分子筛进行脱硅处理。利用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM及NH_3-TPD等方法对处理前后样品进行表征。以脱硅处理后的ZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co-Mo-P/ZSM-5催化剂,以全馏分FCC汽油为原料,考察了该催化剂的加氢脱硫及芳构化性能。结果表明,单纯强碱NaOH溶液处理对ZSM-5分子筛的晶体结构影响较大,造成分子筛骨架结构坍塌,酸性降低;TPAOH的存在保护ZSM-5分子筛骨架结构,提高ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度,并且在生成介孔的同时,最大限度地保留了原微孔结构,并调变了酸性。碱处理后制得的Co-Mo-P/HZSM-5(C-T)催化剂表现出良好的加氢脱硫与芳构化性能。     

碱改性ZSM-5分子筛制备与催化加氢脱硫芳构化性能

采用0.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液以及浓度均为0.2 mol/L的NaOH和TPAOH的混合溶液,分别对ZSM-5分子筛进行脱硅处理。利用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM及NH_3-TPD等方法对处理前后样品进行表征。以脱硅处理后的ZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co-Mo-P/ZSM-5催化剂,以全馏分FCC汽油为原料,考察了该催化剂的加氢脱硫及芳构化性能。结果表明,单纯强碱NaOH溶液处理对ZSM-5分子筛的晶体结构影响较大,造成分子筛骨架结构坍塌,酸性降低;TPAOH的存在保护ZSM-5分子筛骨架结构,提高ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度,并且在生成介孔的同时,最大限度地保留了原微孔结构,并调变了酸性。碱处理后制得的Co-Mo-P/HZSM-5(C-T)催化剂表现出良好的加氢脱硫与芳构化性能。     

ZSM-5/SBA-15催化氧化脱硫催化剂的制备表征及脱硫性能研究

结合分子筛ZSM-5与SBA-15自身的优点,合成了不同质量比例的ZSM-5/SBA-15微孔-介孔复合分子筛,并进行XRD、N2吸附-脱附表征,分析其结构特征。以其为载体负载金属W、Ni、Ce、Cu,制备出不同的氧化脱硫催化剂,对模拟油进行氧化脱硫研究。结果表明,负载金属W制备出的WO3-ZSM-5/SBA-15(ZSM-5质量分数为10%)复合分子筛,脱硫效果最好,脱硫率为75.44%。     

ZSM-5/SBA-15催化氧化脱硫催化剂的制备表征及脱硫性能研究

结合分子筛ZSM-5与SBA-15自身的优点,合成了不同质量比例的ZSM-5/SBA-15微孔-介孔复合分子筛,并进行XRD、N2吸附-脱附表征,分析其结构特征。以其为载体负载金属W、Ni、Ce、Cu,制备出不同的氧化脱硫催化剂,对模拟油进行氧化脱硫研究。结果表明,负载金属W制备出的WO3-ZSM-5/SBA-15(ZSM-5质量分数为10%)复合分子筛,脱硫效果最好,脱硫率为75.44%。     

ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛的制备与甲醇芳构化性能研究

采用Na OH溶液处理法制备了介孔ZSM-5分子筛。采用包埋法合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合介孔分子筛,并采用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)、氮吸附进行分析,在固定床反应器中进行了甲醇芳构化反应。研究结果表明,ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛孔径呈微孔和介孔多级孔分布,孔径和孔容均高于ZSM-5分子筛。当ZSM-5与SAPO-34分子筛的质量比为1∶2时,ZSM-5/SAPO-34复合分子筛具有较好的芳构化活性。在反应温度为475℃、反应压力0.5 MPa、空速(LHSV)1.2 h-1条件下,BTX(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)的收率可达30.8%。     

ZSM-5/MCM-41复合分子筛的制备及对乙醇脱水的催化活性

以微孔ZSM-5分子筛为母体,采用NaOH溶液对其进行预处理,再在水热条件下以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）为模板剂制备了ZSM-5/MCM-41介微孔复合分子筛,考察了预处理温度、晶化温度等因素对复合分子筛结构和形貌的影响。进一步考察了该复合分子筛催化剂在乙醇脱水反应中的催化活性。结果表明,ZSM-5分子筛在2.0 mol/L NaOH溶液中于110℃预处理20 h,再于110℃水热晶化20 h制备的分子筛具有良好的介微孔复合结构;该复合分子筛经NH4NO3溶液离子交换制备的氢型催化剂在乙醇脱水催化反应中表现出良好的性能。当乙醇WHSV=0.5 h-1时,最佳反应温度为240～255℃,乙醇转化率〉99%,乙烯选择性〉96%。     

Nickel and cobalt promoted tungsten and molybdenum sulfide mesoporous catalysts for hydrodesulfurization

High-performance hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of Ni-Mo(W) and Co-Mo(W) species over siliceous MCM-41 doped with zirconium. Catalysts with W and Mo loadings of 20 and 11 wt%, respectively, and with a Ni or Co loading of 5 wt%, were prepared. As a reference, a nickel-tungsten catalyst supported on a commercial γ-Al₂O₃ with a 5 and 20 wt% metal loadings, respectively has also been prepared. HDS reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) under 3.0 MPa of total pressure and with hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 28 h⁻¹ was used to evaluate the activity of these sulfided catalysts. All the catalysts displayed a very good performance in the temperature range of 300-340 °C, with conversions between 49.0% and 92.6%. The Ni promoted catalysts displayed better performances than those of Co promoted catalysts in the HDS of DBT. On the other hand they show different selectivity to hydrogenation, thus, in Ni promoted catalysts, the hydrogenation (HYD) reaction contributes more to the conversion of DBT than Co promoted catalysts where the direct desulfurization (DDS) reaction is more important. The performance of this set of catalysts is similar to that observed with a Ni5W20-Al₂O₃ catalyst in the same range of temperature (300-340 °C). However, the selectivity to the HYD product, CHB, observed with nickel promoted catalysts (Ni5-Mo11 and Ni5-W20) is higher than that found for Ni5W20-Al₂O₃ catalyst probably due to a higher superficial area of the MCM-support and to the presence on the surface of zirconium species, which leading to a better dispersion and lower stacking of the active phases.     

Dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization over MoP/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalyst prepared with sol-gel method

Silica-supported molybdenum phosphide, MoP/SiO₂ catalysts with different Mo weight loadings were prepared by temperature programmed reduction of the oxidic catalyst precursors, which were prepared via sol-gel technique using ethyl silicate-40 as silica source. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area measurements, and their catalytic activity in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was tested with dibenzothiophene (DBT) as model compound. XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the catalyst up to 10 wt% Mo loading and the formation of crystalline MoP phase on amorphous silica support with higher Mo loading. BET surface area showed high surface area for catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique with lower Mo content, and the surface area decreased with increasing in Mo loading. The HDS results showed that prepared MoP/SiO₂ exhibited high HDS activity and stability toward the catalytic test. Among the series of catalysts prepared, MoP/SiO₂ containing 20 wt% Mo was found to be the most active catalyst. And the effects of reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure on conversion and product selectivity were investigated.     

Dibenzothiophene HDS Over Sulphided CoMo on High‐Silica USY Zeolites

USY faujasites (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 12, 30 and 80) were used as hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalyst supports. Mo, Co and P were impregnated at two concentrations: ～12.5, ～3 and ～1.6 mass %; ～18, ～5.5 and ～2.2 mass % (CL and HL series, respectively). Surface acidity decreased after Co‐Mo‐P deposition. Sulphided catalysts were tested in dibenzothiophene (DBT) HDS (320°C, 5.59 MPa). The HDS rate slightly increased with both SiO₂ content and Co‐Mo‐P loading. High selectivity to hydrogenated products suggested deficient Mo promotion in CL solids. Improved Mo promotion by Co (HL series) could be responsible for higher activity and marked selectivity to desulphurization to biphenyl.     

States of carbon nanotube supported Mo-based HDS catalysts

As HDS catalysts, the supported catalysts including oxide state Mo, Co–Mo and sulfide state Mo on carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared, while the corresponding supported catalysts on γ-Al₂O₃ were prepared as comparison. Firstly, the dispersion of the active phase and loading capacity of Mo species on CNT was studied by XRD and the reducibility properties of Co–Mo catalysts in oxide state over CNTs were investigated by TPR while the sulfide Co–Mo/CNT catalysts were characterized by XRD and LRS techniques. Secondly, the activity and selectivity of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene with Co–Mo/CNT and Co–Mo/γ-Al₂O₃ were studied. It has been found that the main active molybdenum species in the oxide state MoO₃/CNT catalysts were MoO₂, rather than MoO₃ as generally expected. The maximum loading before formation of the bulk phase was lower than 6%m (calculated in MoO₃). The TPR studies revealed that that active species in oxide state Co–Mo/CNT catalysts were more easily reduced at relatively lower temperatures in comparison to those in Co–Mo/γ-Al₂O₃, indicating that the CNT support promoted the reduction of active species. Among 0–1.0 Co/Mo atomic ratio on Co–Mo/CNT, 0.7 has the highest reducibility. It shows that the Co/Mo atomic ratio has a great effect on the reducibility of active species on CNT and their HDS activities and that the incorporation of cobalt improved the dispersion of molybdenum species on CNT and mobilization. It was also found that re-dispersion could occur during the sulfiding process, resulting in low valence state Mo₃S₄ and Co–MoS_2.17 active phases. The HDS of DBT showed that Co–Mo/CNT catalysts were more active than Co–Mo/γ-Al₂O₃ and the hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of Co–Mo/CNT catalyst was also much higher than Co–Mo/γ-Al₂O₃. For the Co–Mo/CNT catalysis system, the catalyst with Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.7 showed the highest activity, whereas, the catalyst with Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.35 was of the highest selectivity.     

Mo/REHY催化剂的加氢脱硫性能

将钼酸按溶液与REHY等体积浸渍和焙烧,制备了Mo/REHY催化剂,采用XRD和NH3-TPD对其进行表征.以质量分数0.6%的二苯并噻吩/正癸烷溶液为模型反应物评价其加氢脱硫性能.结果表明,不同焙烧温度制备的Mo/REHY催化剂,归属于REHY的晶相峰保持完好,金属活性组分Mo进入REHY体相超笼,引起REHY分子筛...     

A comparative study on the effect of promoter content of hydrodesulfurization catalysts at different evaluation scales

CoMo and NiMo supported Al₂O₃ catalysts have been investigated for hydrotreating of model molecule as well as industrial feedstock. Activity studies were carried out for thiophene and SRGO hydrodesulfurization (HDS) in an atmospheric pressure and batch reactor respectively. These activities on sulfided catalysts were evaluated as a function of promoter content [M/(M + Mo) = 0.30, 0.34, 0.39; M = Co or Ni] using fixed (ca. 8 wt.%) molybdenum content. The promoted catalysts were characterized by textural properties, XRD, and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). TPR spectra of the Co and Ni promoter catalysts showed that Ni promotes the easy reduction of Mo species compared with Co. With the variation of promoter content NiMo catalyst was found to be superior to CoMo catalyst for gas oil HDS, while at low-promoter content the opposite trend was observed for HDS of thiophene. The behavior was attributed to the several reaction mechanisms involved for gas oil HDS. A nice relationship was obtained for hydrodesulfurized gas oil refractive index (RI) and aromatic content, which corresponds to the Ni hydrogenation property.     

Hydrodesulfurization of thiophene on carbon nanofiber supported Co/Ni/Mo catalysts

Co, Mo, NiMo and CoMo catalysts supported on alumina, fishbone and platelet carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been prepared. The dispersion of the oxide phases was qualitatively studied and compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The reducibility of the catalysts was studied by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene was used as a model reaction to compare the activity of different catalysts. The activity tests showed that the alumina supported catalysts exhibited higher activity compared to the corresponding CNF supported catalysts, and the NiMo catalysts were more active than the corresponding CoMo catalysts. The thiophene HDS activity was correlated with the dispersion of the molybdenum species and the reducibility of different catalysts. Interestingly, the CNF supported Co catalysts have higher thiophene HDS activity than the CNF supported Co(Ni)Mo catalysts.     

Rationalizing the catalytic performance of γ-alumina-supported Co(Ni)–Mo(W) HDS catalysts prepared by urea-matrix combustion synthesis

A comparative study of the influence of Co (or Ni) promoter loadings and the effect of different sulfurizing agents and sulfurizing temperatures on the structure, morphology and catalytic performance of Mo- or W-based hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts was carried out. Catalyst performance using a tubular fixed-bed reactor and the HDS of thiophene as a model reaction was evaluated. The oxidic and sulfurized states of the HDS catalysts were characterized by laser Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It has been found that the urea-matrix combustion (UMxC) synthesis is a simple tool for preparing supported catalysts in a short period of thermal treatment. Several consecutive stages such as urea melting, metal precursor dissolution and chemical reactions take place before and upon combustion process. The C₄H₄S/H₂-activated Co- (or Ni-) promoted MoS₂ (or WS₂) catalysts present a strong synergistic effect (SE) when the Co (or Ni)/Mo (or W) molar ratio is near to 0.5, whereas the C₄/C ₄ ⁼ molar ratios display a weak antagonistic effect. Alumina-supported Ni–W catalyst showed an optimal SE 2.5 times higher than those for Co (or Ni)-promoted Mo HDS catalysts. The kinetic parameters for thiophene-HDS reaction were also determined, suggesting that the C–S bond cleavage reaction for alumina-supported Co(Ni)–Mo HDS catalysts and H₂ activation reaction for Ni-promoted WS₂catalysts play an important role in the rate-limiting step.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备MoP/SiO_2催化剂及其加氢脱硫催化活性的研究

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,以钼酸铵和磷酸二氢铵为钼源和磷源,采用溶胶-凝胶法,经干燥、焙烧处理后,程序升温还原制备得到二氧化硅负载磷化钼(MOP)催化剂,并以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,对催化剂的加氢脱硫活性进行初步评价,考察了负载量、反应压力、反应温度等因素对催化活性的影响.结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备负载催化剂最佳磷化钼负载量为20%(质量分数);升高反应压力和温度均有利于提高二苯并噻吩的转化率,但降低了产物中联苯的含量.