中缅管输原油质量分析研究

对中缅管输进口5国原油的密度、水含量、硫含量、盐含量、酸值、残炭等六项品质指标进行了分析研究。利用U型振动管法、蒸馏法、能量色散-X射线荧光光谱法、电位法、电位滴定法、微量法对原油中密度、水含量、硫含量、盐含量、酸值、残炭进行了测定。结果表明：5国原油为高硫、低酸、含水、含盐、中质原油。5国原油残炭值与密度、硫含量呈高度相关性，硫含量均值大于2.0%,属于高硫原油，有强腐蚀性，相关企业及监管部门需要加强对硫含量的检验监管，防止管道、设备腐蚀，为下游炼化生产、工艺控制提供数据参考。     

高含硫原油加工设备工艺防腐技术

从1997年开始,我国炼制的原油中高酸高硫稠油的比例逐渐增大,该类原油具有密度大、馏分重、轻质组分少、易凝固、酸值大、硫含量高、重金属钒含量较大等特点。大于350℃的渣油占原油收率的70%以上。在含硫原油的加工过程中,由于不同形态的硫在各馏分中的分布及受各种条件影响被     

劣质原油加工过程中重金属镍、钒迁移分布规律研究

以某加工高硫劣质原油的石化企业为研究对象,采集了该企业原油、中间馏分油、废水、固体废物及石油焦等样品,利用原子吸收技术对不同样品中所含重金属镍、钒含量进行了分析测定,探讨了典型高硫劣质原油中重金属镍、钒在石油加工过程中的迁移分布规律。结果表明,重金属镍、钒主要分布在重馏分中,在加工过程中会进一步集中于石油焦产品和固体废物中,为我国未来劣质原油加工过程的重金属镍、钒控制提供数据支持和参考。     

加工高硫原油安全对策探讨

与原油的需求激增成为鲜明反差的是世界原油供应日趋劣质化的趋势。目前,高硫原油(硫含量大于1.5%)在所有原油供应中的比例目前已经占到了一半以上,加工进口中、高含硫原油势在必行,硫化氢防治问题迫在眉睫。本文主要探讨了加工高硫原油在工艺管理及技术措施等方面的安全对策措施。     

高硫原料油对乙烯装置的影响分析及对策

针对乙烯装置裂解原料石脑油中硫含量偏高的情况,分析了使用高硫油在工艺、设备和安全环境方面对乙烯装置的影响,并从实际出发,提出了选择合理的原油炼制方案来降低石脑油中硫含量,从根本上解决硫含量偏高的问题。另外,还可以从改进工艺操作、加强监测、对设备材料进行升级处理等角度考虑如何减少高硫原料油对乙烯装置的影响。     

Fe2O3高温硫腐蚀产物自燃倾向影响因素研究

随着国民经济发展的需要,我国进口原油加工量逐年增加,已占原油加工总量的40％左右。进口原油含硫量较高,在加工过程中,产生的设备硫腐蚀问题相当严重。一般将原油中的元素硫、硫化氢和低分子硫醇等能直接与金属作用而引起设备的腐蚀,统称为活性硫;其余不能直接与金属作用的硫化物统称为非活性硫。硫化物对设备的腐蚀与温度密切相关。高温硫化物的腐蚀,     

进口原油酸值和硫含量调查研究

进口原油酸值和硫含量均是原油的主要检测指标,本文对湛江、茂名、大亚湾口岸的高硫原油和湛江口岸的高酸原油、高酸高硫原油的进口情况进行了统计和调查研究,并结合高酸原油、高硫原油和高酸高硫原油的特点分析提出了进口原油监管的重点及建议。     

索鲁士原油加工方案的优化与探索

介绍了索鲁士(SOROOSH)原油的性质,分析了加工该类原油对生产操作、产品质量和设备腐蚀等方面可能造成的影响。索鲁士原油属于高硫中间基重质原油,该原油硫含量很高,为分公司加工原油的最高值,密度大,粘度高,酸值大,氮含量高,残炭、金属镍、钒、钠含量均很高,可与其它含硫原油掺炼,通过生产实践,成功地加工了高硫重质劣质的索鲁士原油,确保了产品质量和安全平稳生产,为股份公司加工高硫重质原油提供了参考经验。     

蜡油催化裂化汽油中类型硫含量分布的研究

以不同加氢预处理过的蜡油(HTCGO)作为催化裂化(FCC)原料,考察了FCC汽油中硫含量的差异,以及各类型硫的分布情况。研究发现,不同原料油的FCC汽油中硫含量从1.98到63.07μg·g-1不等;同时,类型硫基本以噻吩类硫为主,占汽油中硫含量的58%以上,其它类型硫分布有很大不同。这主要是与FCC原料的性质有关,蜡油的加氢预处理工艺直接影响了FCC汽油中硫的含量及其类型硫的分布情况。     

聚氨酯石墨涂料在高硫原油中的电性能和耐蚀性研究

针对高硫原油腐蚀严重的实际,选用聚氨酯为成膜物,填充石墨制备抗静电耐蚀涂料。研究了石墨含量和硫浓度对涂层导电性、耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:在高硫原油介质中,聚氨酯抗静电涂料中石墨加入量为35%较好,其电阻率为104Ω.m。硫含量的变化对这种涂料的耐蚀性影响较小。     

Experimental and theoretical study on the characteristics of vacuum residue gasification in an entrained-flow gasifier

About 200,000 bpd (barrel/day) vacuum residue oil is produced from oil refineries in Korea. These are supplied to use asphalt, high sulfur fuel oil, and upgrading residue hydro-desulfurization units. High sulfur fuel oil can be prepared by blending oil residue with light distillate to bring fuel oil characteristics in the range of commercial specifications, which will become more stringently restrictive in the near future in Korea. Vacuum residue oil has high energy content; however, due to its high viscosity, high sulfur content and high concentration of heavy metals are representative of improper low grade fuel, which is considered difficult to gasify. At present, over 20 commercial scale IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) plants using feedstocks with vacuum residue oil for gasification are under construction or operating stage worldwide. Recently, KIER (Korea Institute of Energy Research) has been studying the vacuum residue gasification process using an oxygen-blown entrained-flow gasifier. The experiment runs were evaluated under a reaction temperature of 1,200-1,250 C, reaction pressure of 1.0 kg/cm², oxygen/V.R ratio of 0.8-1.2 and steam/V.R ratio of 0.4-0.7. Experimental results show a syngas composition (CO+H₂), 77-88%; heating value, 2,300-2,600 kcal/Nm³; carbon conversion, 95-99, and cold gas efficiency, 68-72%. Also, equilibrium modeling was used to predict the vacuum residue gasification process and the predicted values reasonably well agreed with experimental data.     

固定床渣油加氢工艺发展与运行问题研究

近年来,随着我国国民经济的迅猛增长及石油价格的不断攀升,重油轻质化的要求越来越迫切,同时为了符合国家相关环保要求,渣油的回收再利用成为炼化界普遍关注的热点。渣油加氢工艺是处理渣油最有效的工艺方案,其能够较为彻底地去除渣油中的硫、氮、金属及残炭等杂质对环境的污染。本文从渣油加氢工艺的发展、反应原理及运行问题等方面分析入手,简要说明了渣油加氢工艺的应用现状。     

Sulfur compounds affecting processing of rapeseed

A characteristic feature of cruciferous oilseeds is a high level of sulfur compounds as sulfur-containing amino acids and glucosinolates which determine the nutritional value of rapeseed meal and affect processing factors in oil mills. During rapeseed processing, products of glucosinolate splitting are liberated and attack metal and, as a result, a specific sulfur corrosion of oil mill equipment develops. The most exposed are cooker, toaster and transporters of wet meal. The results of industrial investigation of sulfur corrosion are described and the sensitivity to corrosion of several construction steels during rapeseed processing is considered. A high content of sulfur-containing compounds in starting oil significantly depressed the nickel catalyst activity and influenced the kinetics of rapeseed oil hydrogenation. Removal of these compounds by refining and its influence on the rate of oil hydrogenation are discussed.     

渣油在加氢处理中的硫分布和硫类型变化

采用硫分布和硫类型(GC-SCD)分析技术对渣油在加氢处理过程中硫含量及硫化物进行定量研究,结果表明:硫的总脱除率为86.98%,在上流式和固定床两个阶段的脱除率分别为51.11%和35.87%.渣油随馏分变重,硫含量增加.在<400 ℃渣油馏分中硫化物的类型为苯并噻吩类和二苯并噻吩类,结构复杂的硫化物在上流式反应阶段...     

Transfer-hydrocracking of vacuum residue

Hydrocracking of Arabian Heavy vacuum residue conducted in the presence of metal supported active carbon catalyst gave large amount of distillates (70%) with small hydrogen consumption. Especially, the Yalloum coal derived active carbon catalyst showed high cracking activity. The yield of asphaltene in the product oil was very low, whereas the coke yield was relatively high. In the metal-free active carbon system, the coke yield and the content of olefins, sulfur compounds and asphaltene in the product oil were higher than those of the metal-supported active carbon system. These results suggest that asphaltene in feed oil was adsorbed on the metal supported active carbon catalyst and was decomposed or dehydrogenated on it to form coke and hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms formed migrated on the carbon surface to reach the metal site and transferred to free radicals, olefins or organo sulfur compounds.     

长庆原油适宜加工方案分析

摘要：介绍了对长庆原油进行的综合评价。结果表明：长庆原油属于优质的轻质低硫含蜡原油,馏分分布状况好。在生产装置炼制时,常、减压负荷均衡,易于平衡操作。初馏点-180℃馏分可做大乙烯裂解原料,但更适合做重整原料;145-240℃喷汽燃料组分收率较高,铜片腐蚀、硫醇硫不合格,说明长庆原油喷汽燃料中活性硫化物较多,在精制时应注意;柴油馏分柴油指数高、十六烷值大,腐蚀、酸度均符合成品柴油的标准。减压蜡油酸值小、粘度指数高,是生产润滑油基础油的理想原料,同时其Cp高、残炭值低,重金属含量不高,也是理想的催化裂解原料;〉520℃的渣油沥青质含量较高,是生产沥青的理想原料,如果作为催化裂化原料,必须考虑调配比例,以防催化剂中毒。     

煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究进展

随着石油资源的日趋减少,煤焦油加工技术受到关注。汽车尾气中含有的硫化物严重污染环境,如何高效脱除煤焦油中含硫化合物的硫原子是开发煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究重点。简述煤焦油中含硫化合物的分布状况及其特点,并分别从贵金属、非贵金属、过渡金属磷化物、氮化物、碳化物及金基双金属催化剂方面综述煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的研究现状,针对煤焦油中含硫组分复杂多样的特性,提出研发高效和高活性煤焦油加氢脱硫催化剂的新方向。     

青海原油综合评价

对青海原油进行了综合评价。结果表明,该原油密度小（849.9 kg/m3）,硫含量0.51%,蜡含量4.98%,属于轻质含硫含蜡原油。重整原料和汽油馏分烷烃含量较高,适宜做乙烯裂解料,煤、柴油馏分变色严重,硫、氮含量高,均需加强加氢精制效果。减压蜡油Cp高（70.63%）,CA低（18.01%）,残炭值低（0.0256%）,重金属含量较小,既适合生产高黏度指数润滑油,又是催化裂解的优良原料。渣油的硫含量较高（6 200 mg/kg）,沥青质含量高（6.2%）,重金属铁（45.73μg/g）、镍（35.29μg/g）、钙（73.86μg/g）含量较高,作催化裂化原料时,应注意其掺炼。     

铁基脱硫渣再生制备铁酸钠及其循环脱硫

用Fe2O3与Na2CO3制备铁酸钠用于脱除含硫铝酸钠溶液中的硫,采用氧化焙烧及水浸方式对铁基脱硫渣(NaFeS2?2H2O)进行再生,研究了其循环脱硫效果. 结果表明,铁基脱硫渣于950℃下在氧化性气氛中焙烧1 h,可除去脱硫渣中70%的硫;将焙烧渣水浸,硫含量降至0.2%以下,总硫去除率达99%. 将除硫后的浸出渣再制备铁酸钠用于循环脱硫,脱硫率可达67.65%,与初始脱硫剂的脱硫率(69.09%)相当,可实现铁基脱硫剂的再生循环. 焙烧时渣中硫主要以SO2气体排出,剩余可溶性Na2SO4则在水浸过程中进入溶液而被除去.