长寿命极压通用型微乳切削液的研制

阐述了微乳化切削液的形成机理、制备,并在此基础上介绍了长寿命极压微乳切削液的研制.通过试验筛选出微乳液基础油、极压抗磨添加剂、防锈剂、乳化剂、杀菌剂,然后配以一定量的表面活性剂、消泡剂、pH稳定剂、金属离子络合剂等,将其用水溶解,最后制得微乳化切削液.结果表明,所制得的极压微乳切削液透明稳定,具有优良的抗磨性、极压性、防锈性及抗泡性,各项指标均达到要求.该切削液能用于加工铝合金、铸铁、碳钢、不锈钢、模具钢、铜等各种材质,使用寿命长,效果好,不含对人体有害物质.     

一种通用型微乳化金属切削液的研制

通过正交实验和配方优化研制出具有自主品牌的,适用于金属材料：不锈钢、铜、铝及铝合金、钛合金等材料的切削、磨削、钻孔及数控加工的微乳化切削液,性能达到或超过国内外同类产品,对机床、工件无锈蚀,对人体和生态无害,具有较好的防锈性和极压性。     

微乳化切削液及其进展

微乳化切削液是一种集乳化液和合成液优点于一体并具有良好极压性的新一代切削液,其主要由表面活性剂、润滑剂、防锈剂、稳定剂、低粘度矿物油、杀菌剂和水等组成的透明液。本文介绍了这种微乳化切削液的性能、特点,特别是微乳化液各种添加剂的研究应用情况,同时介绍了微乳化切削液的作用机理和配制方法。指出这类产品的优越性及发展前景。     

新型微乳化切削液的配制方法和性能

针对新型微乳化切削液的配制与性能进行研究,以20号机油(环烷基)为基本原料,通过与防锈剂、偶合剂、表面活性剂以及化学辅料进行融合的方式寻找最佳配合比,从而研制出新型微乳化切削液。研制出的新型微乳化切削液应当具有良好的润滑性、防锈性、高冷却性以及易清洗性,并且微乳化切削液还应当无毒无味、对皮肤无腐蚀性等特点,进而使刀具的使用寿命能够得到延长,在工作中发挥出最佳的经济效果。     

绿色切削液的研制

通过对切削加工的工况要求的了解,分析了切削液(油)应该具有的功能及要求.基于对工况及绿色要求,采用菜籽油为基础油,猪血清为极性添加剂研制了一种绿色切削液.经试用表明研制的切削液具有较好的抗磨、防锈、清洗、润滑、冷却及抗烟雾性能,同时具有非常好的生物降解性,满足了绿色环保要求.     

微乳化切削液的生物毒性试验研究

分析了现行的切削液生物毒性的测定方法及弊端。采用小金鱼对配制的一种微乳化切削液进行毒性试验。试验结果表明:配制的微乳化切削液在生物毒性方面是环境兼容的。本研究对切削液的生物毒性检测具有参考价值。     

制备条件对微乳化金属切削液性能的影响

采用45#变压器油为基础油,通过添加乳化剂脂肪酰胺、极压剂氯化石蜡、杀菌剂和水制备出微乳化金属切削液;详细探讨了温度,加料顺序、搅拌方式以及搅拌时间对微乳化金属切削液性能的影响,结果表明:搅拌方式、加料顺序、搅拌时间对微乳化金属切削液制备基本没有影响;而加料顺序和温度则对其制备的稳定性有不同程度的影响,表现为:先加水后加增溶剂,温度为30℃所制得的微乳化金属切削液稳定性较高.     

可生物降解的环保型镁合金微乳化切削液的制备

开发了一种可生物降解的环保型镁合金微乳化切削液,考察了基础油、缓蚀剂、螯合剂、防锈剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂和其他添加剂对切削液润滑性能的影响,筛选出最优的微乳化切削液配方(以质量分数表示):环烷基基础油30.0%,改性有机醇类螯合剂1.5%,复合缓蚀剂2.5%,三乙醇胺8.0%,长碳链多元羧酸防锈剂5.0%,聚合油酸合成酯润滑剂16.0%,多元油酸合成酯润滑剂6.0%,AEO类脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂2.5%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类乳化型低泡表面活性剂3.0%,杀菌剂1.0%,消泡剂0.1%,水24.4%。所开发的镁合金微乳化切削液在润滑、抗硬水、防腐防锈、消泡性能以及使用寿命等各项性能指标方面皆优于市售的Castrol和Master产品,且价格便宜,其生物降解率为92%,抗硬水能力可达8 330 mg/L,属于绿色环保、高效实用的镁合金加工专用微乳化切削液。     

绿色环保可降解乳化切削液的研制及工业应用

研制了绿色环保可降解的乳化切削液,确定了切削液的配方,对切削液的性能进行了测试,同时进行了工业应用,取得了较好的效果。     

水基切削液CF-1的制备和应用

针对现代金属切削工艺对切削液的更高要求,以季戊四醇油酸酯为油性剂,以亚磷酸双十二烷基酯为极压剂,与乳化剂、防锈剂、杀菌剂等复配,制备了一种微乳型水基切削液CF-1。该切削液具有良好的润滑、冷却、清洗等性能,并且摩擦学性能优良,使用寿命长,防锈性好,能充分满足金属切削加工的生产需要。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。