中国石化集团新能源研发应用与发展

正中国石化积极利用生物质液体燃料来部分替代化石能源,既可得到所需要的交通运输燃料等能源产品,又能实现对自然环境的CO2零排放。在生物质液体燃料方面,我们已涉足燃料乙醇、生物柴油,并开始了纤维素乙醇技术、微藻生物柴油技术和生物航煤技术等的研发。成功开发SRCA法生物柴油生产技术并完成工业化试验;已与中国科学院在新能源领域开展合作,共同研发微藻生物柴油成套技术;与空中客车公司、东方航空公司开展生物航煤应用     

液态生物质燃料重整及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

固体氧化物燃料电池（soild oxide fuel cell,SOFC）是一种清洁高效的发电装置,它可以利用氢气或碳氢燃料发电。液态生物质燃料是一种可再生碳氢燃料,它通过将生物质进行快速催化热解后,经过进一步催化加工制得,主要包括生物甲醇、生物乙醇、生物柴油及其副产物生物甘油等,将SOFC与液态生物质燃料结合,具有便携、清洁和高效等优点。本文分析了包括生物甲醇、生物乙醇、生物柴油以及生物甘油在内的液态生物质燃料的重整研究及其在SOFC中的应用进展,包括重整转化机理与效率、产物选择性、应用于发电存在的优势与难题等。通过对液态生物质燃料进行催化重整,可有效抑制SOFC直接使用液态生物质燃料发电存在的阳极积炭失活现象,从而提高发电效率,延长SOFC使用寿命。总结了目前液态生物质燃料直接用于SOFC发电的研究进展,提出了未来的研究方向,以期提高液态生物质燃料在SOFC中的利用效率和稳定性。     

会讯

生物质能源技术国际会议征文第一轮通知时间:2008年11月29日-12月1日地点:广州白云国际会议中心主题(1)生物质资源开发能源作物;能源植物;藻类技术。(2)生物质发电生物质燃烧发电;生物质气化发电;生物质热电联供(3)生物质液体燃料燃料乙醇;生物柴油;热解液化;气化合成     

烯烃聚合航空煤油异构烷烃实验分析

目前燃料油主要来自于石油的炼制,随着石油资源的需求量不断增长,探寻新的燃料油转化技术,成为了目前较为前沿的研究课题。本文探讨了生物油经过催化裂化转化为合成气,再由聚合反应生成生物碳氢燃料的过程,重点分析了航空煤油异构烷烃的合成过程。利用实验分析了常温常压下生物油催化裂化制备富烯烃合成气以及富烯烃合成气聚合制备烷烃类航空燃油的过程,为生物油制备航空燃油提供实验分析指导。     

生物质能源转化技术与应用(Ⅴ) ——生物柴油产业化制备技术

生物质能源是惟一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成气态、液态和固态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源。随着化石能源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质能源替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者研究和关注的热点。本系列讲座主要讲述以生物质资源为主要原料,通过不同途径转化为洁净的、高品位的气体、液体或固体燃料。本讲主要概述生物柴油产业化制备技术研究现状,分析我国生物柴油产业化制备技术发展缓慢的原因,主要介绍了生物柴油常用的制备方法及其优缺点,预测了我国生物柴油产业化发展方向。     

生物质在能源资源替代中的途径及前景展望

化石能源,特别是石油资源的日益短缺,促使人们不断开发新的可再生能源来替代目前的化石能源。本文介绍了生物质在能源和化工领域替代石油资源的各种可能途径,分析了这些途径的发展前景,提出了各种生物质资源不但能够成为石油资源的直接替代,如燃料乙醇、生物柴油等;而且能够成为开发各种化工产品的资源平台,形成对石油化工产品的产业竞争,实现对石油资源的间接替代,如各种生物基基本有机化学品和功能性高分子材料等。开发生物质转化制液体燃料技术和生物化工技术将对石化工业的发展起到推动作用,有助于石油化工产业的可持续发展。     

乙醇燃料与合成气制乙醇催化剂研究进展

为了改善大气质量和提高能源安全,人们已经开始致力于寻找石化燃料和化工产品的替代品。乙醇是一种潜在的替代燃料,可用于汽车或作为燃料电池潜在氢源,同样可以作为合成一系列化工产品和聚合物的给料。通过合成气(CO+H2)催化转化制乙醇在经济上具有较强的竞争力。本文介绍了乙醇燃料对环境的影响、目前乙醇的生产途径以及四种常用的合成气制乙醇催化剂,并对比了四类催化剂的优缺点。     

生物质能源转化技术与应用(V)——生物柴油产业化制备技术

生物质能源是惟一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成气态、液态和固态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源.随着化石能源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质能源替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者研究和关注的热点.本系列讲座主要讲述以生物质资源为主要原料,通过不同途径转化为洁净的、高品位的气体、液体或固体燃料.本讲主要概述生物柴油产业化制备技术研究现状,分析我国生物柴油产业化制备技术发展缓慢的原因,主要介绍了生物柴油常用的制备方法及其优缺点,预测了我国生物柴油产业化发展方向.     

后石油时代与生物质液体燃料

进入后石油时代后,生物质液体燃料燃料乙醇和生物柴油受到关注。利用秸秆代替粮食生产燃料乙醇是解决乙醇原料的根本出路,美国正在研究以小麦和大麦秸秆生产燃料乙醇的可行性,我国河南天冠集团已拥有了多项用秸秆生产乙醇的关键技术。标准系列化是我国生物柴油产业做大的关键。     

液态和固态生物能源的应用现状与发展趋势

阐述了生物能源对解决能源危机和环境污染的作用。介绍了国内外生物柴油、燃料乙醇和生物质颗粒燃料的应用现状和现存问题,并对未来生物能源的发展作出了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。