大豆蛋白胶防霉剂的优选

为了提高大豆蛋白胶防霉效果,分离鉴定了大豆蛋白胶表面的霉菌,对不同防霉剂的防霉效果进行了研究。结果表明,双乙酸钠、四硼酸钠、亚硝酸钠、山梨酸钾和丙酸钠对抑制霉菌都有效果,其中双乙酸钠和四硼酸钠在用量为0.3%时抑菌效果最好。综合考虑,防霉菌对大豆蛋白胶进行防霉处理,双乙酸钠和四硼酸钠是最佳选择。     

建筑乳胶涂料防霉性的研究

从霉变建筑乳胶涂膜上分离出曲霉属、短梗霉属和帚霉属3种霉菌属,研究了建筑乳胶涂料的防霉性。确定了5种常用防霉剂对霉菌的最低抑制浓度。筛选了适用于建筑乳胶涂料的两种复合防霉剂组合,考察了它们在涂料中的防霉效果。     

植物精油对文物表面来源黄曲霉的抑菌活性研究

采用琼脂扩散法测定了珊瑚姜油、迷迭香油、松节油、桉叶油、青花椒芳香油、薄荷油和香茅油对一株文物表面来源的黄曲霉菌(Aspergillus oryzae)YY2的抑制效果。抑菌圈直径及抑菌敏感性判断结果显示,7种供试植物精油中香茅油、桉叶油和珊瑚姜油抑菌效果较好,在使用剂量为5μL时即可极显著抑制黄曲霉菌的生长(P0.01),抑菌效果最弱的是松节油。研究结果表明香茅油、桉叶油和珊瑚姜油可作为安全有效的文物防霉剂进行深入研究和开发。     

蓝莓溃疡病生防链霉菌CX3的抑菌效果及其鉴定

[目的]为了明确从吉林省长白山保护区池西保护站马鞍山云杉人工林林下土壤分离,所获得1株拮抗菌株(编号记为CX3)的生防效果及分类地位。[方法]分别采用平板对峙法和杯碟法测定该菌株活菌及其发酵液的抑菌活性和抑菌谱;并通过形态学、生理生化特征、16S rRNA序列分析等方法研究了其分类地位。[结果]该菌株对13种供试植物病原菌均有抑制作用,抑菌谱广,其中对蓝莓溃疡病菌有极强的抑制作用,抑菌带达25.91 mm,发酵液的抑菌圈直径达31.73 mm;根据其菌株形态、生理生化特性、16S rRNA序列比对,最终鉴定菌株为链霉菌属Streptomyces sp.。[结论]该菌株对蓝莓溃疡病菌有显著的抑制效果,应用开发前景良好,此次是国内首次报道该菌株杀真菌活性。     

防霉剂—富马酸二甲酯合成新工艺

富马酸二甲酯是八十年代开发成功的一种新型防霉剂。它具有高效、低毒、价廉等特点,对三十多种霉菌,尤其是产毒霉菌如黄曲霉有明显的抑制效果,在通常情况下,其防霉效果优于常用的防霉剂丙酸钙和山梨     

泰州制成高效多用途新型DP防霉剂

一种能防20多种霉菌的新型DP防霉剂在江苏泰州化工研究所研制成功,1986年7月17日通过了省级批量生产鉴定。这种新型防霉剂,具有广谱、高效、低毒、价廉、用途广泛等优点,每吨皮革只需1公斤就可以达到很好的防霉效果,一幅珍贵     

蜡梅籽生物碱类成分及其抗氧化和抑菌活性

[目的]研究蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox)籽中生物碱成分及其抗氧化和抑菌活性。[方法]应用硅胶柱层析法进行分离纯化并鉴定化合物结构。使用ABTS和FRAP法检测抗氧化能力,并考察其对甘蓝链格孢菌、葡萄灰霉菌、番茄叶霉菌的抑菌效果。[结果]分离得到1种化合物,鉴定为洋蜡梅碱(calycanthine)。其对ABTS阳离子自由基清除作用较强,IC_(50)值为(3.24±0.08)mg/L;抑菌结果显示其对3种菌株均具有一定的抑菌活性。[结论]洋蜡梅碱具有较强的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性。     

贵州水晶葡萄病原真菌分离鉴定及室内抑菌活性测试

[目的]确定引起贵州水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害的病原真菌种类及室内筛选用于该病害的主要防治杀菌剂。[方法]对病原菌进行分离纯化鉴定,通过科赫法则确定致病菌种类;筛选12种商品杀菌剂对炭疽病菌进行抑菌活性测定,筛选出有效药剂,为防治该病害提供一定的理论依据。[结果]从贵州省凯里市水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害分离鉴定出3株病原菌,为青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)、炭疽病菌(Clletotrichum gloeosporioides)和链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.),采用科赫法则,对3株病原真菌进行刺伤回接,发现3株均为水晶葡萄在贮藏过程中的主要致病菌。12种杀菌剂对水晶葡萄炭疽病菌进行室内抑菌活性测试结果表明:均具有较好的抑制活性,其中50%咯菌腈WP、50%苯菌灵WP、42%噻菌灵SC和43%戊唑醇SC对水晶葡萄炭疽病菌抑制活性最好,其EC50值分别为0.1024、0.1386、0.1624、0.1974 mg/L。[结论]凯里水晶葡萄采后病害病菌为青霉菌、炭疽病菌和链格孢菌;筛选出12种药剂针对水晶葡萄采后病害炭疽病菌的药剂,其中50%咯菌腈WP对炭疽病菌具有较好抑制效果,为水晶葡萄采后贮藏病害防治提供理论基础。     

蓝莓花期病菌的分离鉴定及室内毒力测定

[目的]确定引起蓝莓花期病害的病原菌种类及室内筛选用于该病菌的防治药剂。[方法]对病原菌进行分离、纯化、分子生物学鉴定,确定病原菌种类;选用18种杀菌剂对病原菌进行抑菌效果测定,筛选出有效药剂,为防治该病的发生提供理论依据。[结果]从麻江县部分蓝莓花上分离出7个纯菌株,通过病原菌r DNA-ITS系列分析,鉴定为间座壳属(Diaporthe phaseolorum)、链孢霉(Neurospora)、球黑孢霉(Nigrospora sphaerica)、内生真菌(Endophyte)、和灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)。18种农药对蓝莓灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)进行室内毒力测定,结果表明:50%咪鲜胺锰盐DP、45%咪鲜胺ME和10%苯醚甲环唑SC对灰霉菌的EC50值小于1 mg/L,分别为0.0181、0.2510、0.5285 mg/L。[结论]对麻江染病蓝莓花分离病菌为间座壳属(Diaporthe phaseolorum)、链孢霉(Neurospora)、球黑孢霉(Nigrospora sphaerica)、内生真菌(Endophyte)和灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea);筛选出18种针对蓝莓花期的灰霉菌的药剂,其中50%鲜胺锰盐WP对灰霉菌具有较好抑制效果,可进一步进行田间试验。     

消息

一种能防20多种霉菌的新型DP防霉剂研制成功。这种新型防霉剂,具有广谱、高效、低毒、价廉、用途广泛等优点。每吨皮革只需一公斤就可以达到很好的防霉效果;一幅珍贵的字画防霉3～5年,仅需花二角钱购0.5克。它与国内目前所用的十多种防霉剂相比,效率提高5～12倍,每吨金额下降78％。该产品为灰白色粉末。可根据使用目的的不同制成粉剂、片剂、溶剂等多     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997