槽式孔板的低含液率气液两相流测量特性

槽式孔板是一种新型气液两相流量传感器,目前尚未发现能够应用于槽式孔板的两相流压降相关式,结合空气/水两相流实验数据,比较了五类典型的标准节流元件两相流压降相关式对槽式孔板测量数据的计算结果,分析了这些相关式的适用范围和误差原因。基于不同的建模思想,综合考虑洛—马参数、介质压力、气相流量等参数的作用,建立了三种相对准确的槽式孔板两相流压降相关式,并将其应用于低含液率的凝析天然气计量技术研究,计算结果表明三种相关式均能达到工业计量的精度要求。     

新型板式微流道热管运行特性实验分析

文章以树状仿生微流道结构作为蒸发器,设计一种无吸液芯结构的新型板式环路热管。通过实验的方法,研究了功率10 W热负荷时,不同充液率(30%—85%)、不同倾斜角度(0°—90°)下热管的运行特性、启动特性和热阻特性,结果表明:热管可正常运行并且充液率范围宽泛;通过不同充液率和角度的配合归结出4种运行现象(波动式稳定、保持式稳定、平台式非稳定、上升式非稳定);影响启动温度的主要因素为充液率,充液率越高,启动温度越高,热管启动越困难;热管在波动式稳定现象中的最佳充液率为30%,在保持式稳定现象中的最佳充液率为45%;影响热阻的主要因素为倾斜角度,其中最佳倾斜角度为60°,此时热管的启动温度和总热阻都最低。     

湿气管道内气-油-水三相界面模型研究

随着普光气田的探测发现,国家加大对湿气田的探索开发。湿气管道内存在三相流动时,界面模型的选取对管线压降与管流平均持液率计算准确性具有一定影响。根据各界面模型对实验数据的计算效果,分析各界面模型的适用条件,为建立完善的湿气管道水力计算模型提供理论依据。     

气液向下并流填料塔的持液量

用φ15mm的陶瓷拉西环和塑料鲍尔环填料,在内径153mm的有机玻璃塔内,采用空气-水体系,测量了气液向下并流流动时的持液量数据。以Bemer等人提出的颈缩管模型为基础,推导了向下并流填料塔内的持液量计算式,较好地关联了本实验和Dodds等人的结果。并检验Larkins,Charpentier,佐藤等人提出的持液量关联式。     

泡沫分离过程中泡沫层总高度对持液率的影响

以乳链菌肽发酵液为模拟体系,研究了泡沫分离过程中泡沫层总高度对泡沫塔出口持液率εout以及泡沫层轴向持液率分布特性的影响.实验发现:在泡沫层形成过程中,εout从一个较低值逐渐升高到一个较高的稳定值;泡沫在塔内泡沫相中的停留时间不是εout的决定性因素,气速对εout的影响很大.同时还发现:随着泡沫层总高度的增加,εout缓慢下降而泡沫层与液层界面处的持液率急剧上升,可以推测出整个轴向持液率特性分布会上移.实验数据表明仅仅用静态泡沫的排液时间代替上升动态泡沫的停留时间的方法来预测εout的一般方法可能得出错误的结果.     

拉西环填料塔体动持液量和面动持液量及其计算

首次提出填料塔动持液量不是均匀分布的，高径比是影响动持液量的一个重要参数。定义整个床层的平均动持液量为体动持液量；定义填料层中水平截面上微分薄层的平均动持液量为面动持液量。根据实验数据和优化计算方法，得出恒持液量区到泛点拉西环填料层体动持液量计算修正式和面动持液量计算式。     

垂直管中气,液两相上升流动摩擦压降测定的改进

本文研究了气、液两相垂直上升流动的摩擦压降，改进了两相液中流体的压差与持液量的测定技术，实验在内径为１９ｍｍ、高度为１５００ｍｍ的垂直玻璃管中完成，实验介质采用空气与水，两相流摩擦压了值通过测定压差与持液量实验数据计算得到，流型通过观察决定。     

基于段塞流的通用气液两相流模型的建立与验证

气液两相混输流动中,由于段塞流与其他流型均有联系,从段塞流出发建立模型可以使不同流型下的计算模型得到统一。基于段塞流建立气液两相流动量方程和连续性方程,完善模型对气泡和液滴夹带的处理。建立模型的闭合关系式,对关键参数(壁面及气液相间水力摩阻系数、液塞平移速度、平均液塞长度)的计算闭合关系式进行优选,得到适用于模型的闭合关系式,同时,对液滴和气泡的夹带给出夹带条件及相关参数计算式,最终建立基于段塞流的通用气液两相流模型。使用3组不同来源的实验数据验证了模型计算压降和持液率的准确性,实验数据分别来自中国石油大学(华东)、大庆油田实验基地的气液两相流实验以及国外研究人员的实验研究,包含各个气液流型。模型具有较高的计算精度,优于未经关系式完善和优化的原始模型,大部分压降及持液率参数的计算误差在±15%以内。     

不等径脉动热管的传热性能研究

设计了一套不等径脉动热管,并对其进行了性能测试。脉动热管由内径为2.5 mm和外径为3.0 mm的铜管制成,其中蒸发段、绝热段和冷凝段长度分别为400,360,40 mm。分析比较倾角0°(水平),30°,45°和90°(垂直)对不等径脉动热管的传热性能的影响。丙酮作为不等径脉动热管的工作流体,充液率分别为30%,50%和70%。超纯水作为冷却水,流量分别为0.1,0.3,0.5 m~3/h。实验结果表明:在不同热负荷下充液率、倾角和冷却水流量对装置的传热性能影响很大。最大传热量出现在充液率为50%、倾斜角度为90°、冷却水流量为0.5 m~3/h的情况下,装置的最小热阻为0.10℃/W。     

倾斜管式蒸发冷凝器管外液膜的三维数值研究

利用Fluent软件对倾斜椭圆管式水膜蒸发冷凝器管外成膜情况进行了三维数值模拟,分析了喷淋流量、布液器与侧壁间距及周向角度等参数对管外液膜厚度和分布的影响。结果表明:管外液膜沿管壁向下侧壁面方向发生偏移,使远离上侧壁面的位置更易铺展成膜,近上侧壁面的椭圆管底端易产生干斑;随着布液器与壁面间距的减小,流体在上、下侧壁上的分流现象随之明显;喷淋流量一定时,周向液膜厚度分布先减小至周向90°位置后开始增大。     

Three‐dimensional simulations of gas‐liquid cocurrent downflow in vertical,inclined, and oscillating packed beds

The hydrodynamic behavior of gas‐liquid downflow in vertical, inclined, and oscillating packed beds related to offshore floating applications was analyzed by means of three‐dimensional unsteady‐state two‐fluid simulations. Angular oscillations of the column between two angled symmetrical positions and between vertical and inclined position were considered while bed non‐uniformity was described using radial porosity distributions. For vertical and slightly inclined columns, two‐phase flow was concentrated in the core area of the bed. However, the two‐phase flow was predicted to deviate significantly from axial symmetry at higher inclinations with prominent liquid accumulation in the bottommost reactor cross‐sectional area. Oscillating packed beds unveiled complex reverse secondary flows radially and circumferentially resulting in oscillatory patterns of liquid holdup and pressure drop whose amplitude and propagation frequency were affected by column inclination angle and travel time between vertical and angled positions. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 916–927, 2016     

The influence of random packed column parameters on the liquid holdup and interfacial area

Carbon dioxide capture via solvent absorption in packed columns has emerged as a potential technology to mitigate coal-fired power plant CO₂ emissions. Parameters, including packing types, solvent properties, and operating conditions, could potentially affect the packed column CO₂ capture efficiency. To understand the importance of those parameters and help packed column optimization, a design of experiments (DoEs) method was proposed to generate input parameter matrix. Combined with multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the random packed column parameter influence on the liquid holdup and interfacial area can be efficiently investigated. Surrogate-based sensitivity analysis shows that the solvent flow rate and contact angle are key factors dictating liquid holdup and interfacial area. On the other hand, solvent viscosity has a marginal impact on the interfacial area. The sensitivity scores were calculated for each input parameter to guide the selection of dimensionless numbers for the liquid holdup and interfacial area correlation development.     

倾斜管内低温液弹和Taylor汽泡的长度分布

An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in an inclined tube with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tube is 0.018 m ID and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experiment focused on the effect of the inclination angle show that the mean liquid slug length and Taylor bubble length increase with the increasing x/D at various inclination angles.At the same x/D,the mean liquid slug length and Taylor bubble length increase first,and then decrease with decreasing inclination angles,with the maximum at 60°.In the vertical tube,standard deviation of the nitrogen Taylor bubble length increase with the increasing x/D.For the inclined tube,standard deviation of the nitrogen Taylor bubble length increases first,and then decreases with the increasing x/D.Standard deviation of the liquid slug length increases with increasing x/D for all inclination angles.     

大流量下倾斜管气液两相流实验研究

在较高的气液范围内,以水和空气为实验介质,在多相流实验平台上进行了倾斜向上的高产量气液两相流模拟实验研究。实验采用内径为40 mm、长8 m的透明有机玻璃管,并利用高速摄像仪记录实验过程中的流型。对实验流型进行分析,发现了倾斜管中低气流速下的一种新的流型-振荡冲击流,并研究了表观气、液流速和倾斜角对气液两相流动中压降的影响,建立气/液膜流动模型来分析表观气、液流速对压降梯度的影响作用,实验研究结果表明:在高气液量范围内,倾斜管中观察到的气液两相流型主要为振荡冲击流、过渡流和环状流,并且倾角对流型转变边界的影响不显著;振荡冲击流压降随气流速的增加而降低,环状流压降随气流速的增加而增加,过渡流压降梯度最小;倾斜管压降梯度随着倾斜角度的增加而增大。     

Hydrodynamics in down flow jet loop reactor

Gas holdup and liquid circulation time were measured in a down flow jet loop reactor for air–water system. It was observed that the circulation time decreases with an increase in nozzle diameter, draft tube to column diameter ratio and liquid velocity. Th gas holdup increases with an increase in gas and liquid velocities. The optimum draft tube to column diameter ratio was found to be 0.438. Correlations for gas holdup and circulation time involving operational and geometrical variables are presented.     

梯形孔垂直筛板塔板上持液量不均匀分布性的研究

采用空气-水系统,在1 500 mm×400 mm的矩形塔内,对4种不同角度的梯形孔垂直筛板(TH-VST)和1种具有相同结构参数的矩形孔垂直筛板(RH-VST)的持液量分布进行了实验研究。结果表明:TH-VST清液层高度的不均匀分布程度(参差度)比RH-VST塔板有明显改善。参差度随着梯形顶角θ(两斜边延长线夹角)的增大先减小后增大,随着液体流量的增大而增大,随气速的增加先减小后增大。根据实验结果得到了具有良好导流性能的梯形顶角θ的范围,同时给出了参差度的关联式,为工程设计提供了初步的依据。     

Development of airlift bubble column dispersed with micro‐bubbles

Micro‐bubbles were dispersed in the bubble column with draft tube, and the length and diameter of draft tube were changed. The flow characteristics in air–water system were measured. Ozone gas and methylene‐blue aqueous solution were used, and the decomposition performance was examined. With increasing draft tube length, both the gas holdup and liquid velocity in the annular section increased. When the diameter ratio of draft tube to column was about 0.5, both the gas holdup and liquid circulation flow rate had maxima. For the decomposition by using ozone, the installation of draft tube enhanced the mass transfer and decomposition performance.     

水平管内凝结液液位角

建立了长水平管真空条件下蒸汽凝结实验台,观测了蒸汽在水平管内凝结过程的入口质量流率、凝结液含量和饱和温度对凝结液液位角变化的影响,归纳了液位角计算关系式。研究发现,较低蒸汽流量下,液位角随凝结液含量的增加呈波动增加;较高蒸汽流量下,受气流影响,液位角减小,液位角边缘模糊;在同样蒸汽流率条件下,饱和温度升高即压力升高,液位角会有所增加。给出的液位角关系式可用于计算水平管内凝结液液位和液位角。     

垂直管中零净液流量气液两相流的持液率研究

Zero net-liquid flow (ZNLF) is a special case of upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. It is a phenomenon observed as a gas-liquid mixture flows in a conduit but the net liquid flow rate is zero. Investigation on the liquid holdup of ZNLF is conducted in a vertical ten-meter tube with diameter of 76 mm, both for Newtonian and nonNewtonian fluids. The gas phase is air. The Newtonian fluid is water and the non-Newtonian fluids are water-based guar gel solutions. The correlations developed for predicting liquid holdup on the basis of Lockhart-Martinelli parameter are not suitable to ZNLF. A constitutive correlation for the liquid holdup of vertical ZNLF was put forward by using the mass balance. It is found that the liquid holdup in ZNLF is dependent on both the gas flow rate and the flow distribution coefficient.     

下倾管中段塞流液塞长度波动的非线性分析

利用非线性分析技术中的分形理论在较宽的流速范围内对下倾管中空气-水段塞流的液塞长度波动特性进行了研究.结果表明,下倾管中段塞流的液塞长度符合对数正态分布,其波动是对初始条件敏感的混沌振荡,且具有持久性.通过对不同液相折算速度下的液塞长度波动特性的分析发现,液相折算速度较大时,随着混合速度的增加,液塞长度波动的混沌程度增加;而液相折算速度较小时,随着混合速度的增加,液塞长度波动的混沌程度减小.管线下倾角越大,液塞长度波动的长程相关性越好.