槐叶提取物在油田水处理中的应用研究

研究了槐叶提取物在油田采出水处理中的应用。分别采用水和乙醇对槐叶进行提取,考察了提取物分别作为缓蚀剂和杀菌剂的作用效能。结果显示槐叶的水提物和醇提物有一定的缓蚀作用,水提物缓蚀作用强于醇提物。此外,槐叶水提物对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)和铁细菌(FB)有一定的杀菌作用,而醇提物对3种细菌杀菌作用弱。     

多功能杀菌剂的合成及其性能研究

在现有季铵盐类杀菌灭藻剂上增加一个脂键，连接一个有机酸基团，合成一种兼具阻垢缓蚀功能的新型工业水处理用杀菌灭藻剂(多功能杀菌剂)，经一系列评价实验表明：新型杀菌剂是较理想的杀菌剂，在较低浓度下，对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)及腐生菌(TGB)均有很好的杀灭效果，优于1227杀菌剂，同时还具有较好的缓蚀阻垢效果。     

TS-868杀菌剂的合成与应用

为了解决循环冷却水中的微生物问题,克服目前常规使用的季铵盐的不足,研究开发了一种新型非氧化性杀菌剂TS-868,其主要成分为双季铵盐.TS-868对水中异养菌(TGB)、铁细菌(FB)及硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)有较好的杀灭效果,其杀菌能力优于传统的单季铵盐杀菌剂.TS-868对菌藻和生物黏泥具有极佳的剥离、杀灭和清洗作用.由于分子中具有多种长碳链,TS-868兼具缓蚀性能.     

油田回注水中次氯酸钠除硫杀菌研究

在某油田采油厂回注水处理站进行电解法次氯酸钠除硫杀菌试验,考察了次氯酸钠对硫化物、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(IB)、腐生菌(TGB)的去除效果。结果表明,次氯酸钠投加量为60～65 mg/L时,对硫化物有良好的去除效果,去除率达99%以上;对SRB、TGB、IB的杀菌效果明显,且在注水管网中具有持续灭菌能力,细菌与硫化物指标均达到油田回注水标准。电解法次氯酸钠杀菌技术在油田回注水处理中具有良好的应用前景。     

水基切削液杀菌剂的合成及性能评价

以盐酸胍、二乙烯三胺与长链有机胺等含胺基的单体为原料,经过缩合反应合成了一种新的有机胍杀菌剂GA。杀菌性能评价显示,有机胍杀菌剂GA的加药量为30mg·L~(-1)时,水基切削液乳液空白TGB、SRB和FB这3种菌的杀灭率均大于99%。在常规水基切削液中添加30×10~(-6)的有机胍杀菌剂GA,能有效抑制水基切削液细菌的滋生,7d后TGB、SRB和FB的细菌数均为0。     

国内油田污水细菌生长影响因素研究进展

油田污水细菌的生长与其周围的环境息息相关,不同的影响因素对细菌生长的影响程度不同。本文论述了油田污水中危害最大的3种细菌——硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)、铁细菌(FB)的生长影响因素,以及近几年国内学者对油田污水细菌影响因素的研究成果,并针对这些研究提出了一些可行的抑菌方法。     

糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂杀菌性能

利用抑菌圈法对糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂(SGCS)和糖基阳离子表面活性剂(SCS)对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性能进行了评价。SGCS的抑菌性能优于SCS;抑菌圈随着SGCS碳链增长先增大后变小,C_(12)-SGCS具有较佳的抑菌性能。C_(12)-SGCS和C_(12)-SCS对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁细菌(FEB)、腐生菌菌群(TGB)、E.coli和禾谷镰刀菌的杀菌性能表明,C_(12)-SGCS的杀菌性能优于C_(12)-SCS,当C_(12)-SGCS的质量浓度为15 mg/L时对SRB,FEB和TGB的杀菌率均超过99%。SGCS抑菌杀菌更广谱高效,具有良好的应用前景。     

对两种紫苏叶提取物抗氧化能力的研究分析

研究紫苏叶在不同溶剂中的提取物活性成分含量及其抗氧化能力。分别以蒸馏水和乙醇为溶剂提取紫苏叶中活性物质,测定主要成分含量。通过实验比较两种提取物的抗氧化能力。两种提取物主要活性成分含量略有不同。同等条件下,水提物比醇提物抗氧化能力更强,但均弱于Vc。紫苏叶水提物比醇提物的抗氧化能力更强。     

安塞油田注入水杀菌剂的效果评价

长庆安塞油田注入水中硫酸盐还原菌、腐生菌会影响油田的正常生产,这二种细菌特性各异,相互之间还存在一定的联系。杀菌剂的选用应保证对长6层和长2层的这两种细菌有较好的杀灭作用,并辅以正确的投加方法和浓度方能保证油田正常生产。本文以长庆安塞油田长6和长2层采出水硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)和腐生菌(TGB)的杀菌处理为例,分别对AD52-168和QD-707两种型号杀菌剂的杀菌效果以探讨。     

TS-838杀菌剂的性能和应用

为了解决循环冷却水中的微生物问题，克服目前常规使用的季铵盐杀菌剂的不足，研究开发了一种新型非氧化性杀菌剂TS-838，其主要成分为双季铵盐。TS-838对水中异养菌(TGB)和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)有较好的杀灭效果，其杀菌能力优于传统的单季铵盐杀菌剂，TS-838对菌藻和生物黏泥具有极佳的剥离清洗作用。由于分子中具有两个长碳链，TS-838兼具缓蚀性能。     

注水开发污水中硫酸盐还原菌抑制剂研究进展

在油田注水开发污水中,硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是引起微生物腐蚀及环境污染的主要原因之一。SRB的存在会导致金属管道及设备的腐蚀,其腐蚀产物硫化亚铁和氢氧化亚铁以及菌体本身会被油污包裹造成管道及地层堵塞,SRB的存在还会造成聚丙烯酰胺等聚合物的降解,影响后续强化采油开发。目前,油田系统中抑制SRB最常用和有效的方法是化学方法,通过在油田回注水中投加SRB抑制剂。该文综述了注水开发污水中SRB常用化学抑制剂应用现状及研究进展,将其按照杀菌机理分为氧化型抑制剂和非氧化型抑制剂两类。然而由于地层不同、采油过程不同,应采用不同种类化学抑制剂投加回注水,因此,研制相应新型、高效、环保的SRB抑制剂是目前主要研究课题。     

无患子果皮提取物的纳微米聚集体对钢的高效缓蚀

为寻求绿色、可持续与具备大规模应用潜能的天然植物提取物作为缓蚀剂,选择具有表面活性剂性质的无患子果皮提取物作为研究对象。通过简便乙醇回流萃取获得无患子果皮提取物。在室温条件下,无患子果皮提取物在DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)/HCl水溶液的混合溶液(体积比50/50,1.0 mol/L HCl溶液)中能够发生自组装产生有序的纳微米聚集材料。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)与X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究表明了无患子果皮提取物聚集体能够对Q235钢表面产生化学吸附作用。利用电化学方法研究了无患子果皮提取物聚集体吸附在钢表面后,在1.0 mol/L盐酸水溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明无患子果皮提取物聚集体能够有效抑制钢被盐酸腐蚀,最大缓蚀效率达到90%以上。     

High efficient corrosion inhibition of steel by nano-micro aggregates of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn peel extracts

To seek green, sustainable and natural plant extracts with the potential for large-scale application as corrosion inhibitors, this article selects the extracts of the Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn peels with surfactant properties as the research object. Hence, this article uses Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn peel extracts (SMGPE) with surfactant properties as the study candidate. This survey presents efficient extraction of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn peels by simply refluxing ethanol solution. It is shown that SMGPE can process orderly nano-micro meters aggregation in DMF/HCl (volume ratio: 50/50, 1.0 mol/L HCl solution) mixed solution through self-organization at the room temperature.The results show that the predominantly strong chemical adsorption of formed SMGPE aggregates on the studied Q235 steel specimens is suggested through the detection of FT-IR, Raman as well as XPS spectroscopy. This study further determines the corrosion inhibition effect of the stable SMGPE aggregates for the studied steel specimens in 1.0 mol/L HCl aqueous solution based on electrochemical method. The results suggest that the SMGPE aggregates can inhibit corrosion of the steel specimens in HCl solution efficiently, and the greatest corrosion inhibition efficiency is over 90%.     

油田回注水用杀菌剂效果分析

油田回注水大部分来自物化处理后的油田废水,为避免回注后水中各类细菌微生物对管道造成堵塞、腐蚀,回注前需对其进行杀菌处理。本文使用1227（十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵）和戊二醛在特定条件下复配为SP12－8作为杀菌剂,考察硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、腐生菌在杀菌剂不同加量,不同培养温度下其杀菌效果。结果表明回注水杀菌剂SP12－8的使用温度应控制在30℃左右,投加量为0．07 mg／L, SRB菌的菌量数为4．5个／mL（小于10）,铁细菌的菌量数为9．5×102个／mL, TGB菌的菌量数为9．5×102个／mL,满足回注要求。     

Biocorrosion inhibition of mild steel in crude oil-water environment using extracts of Musa paradisiaca peels,Moringa oleifera leaves,and Carica papaya peels as biocidal-green inhibitors: kinetics and adsorption studies

Biocorrosion inhibition of mild steel in the crude oil-water environment was investigated in the absence and presence of Carica papaya peel extract, Musa paradisiaca peel extract, and Moringa oleifera leaf extract as potential biocidal-green inhibitors using gravimetric, polarization, and surface analysis (Inverted metallurgical microscope and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy) methods. Kinetics and adsorption behaviors of the extracts were determined and evaluated. Results revealed that each of the extracts functioned as biocidal-green inhibitors in the crude oil-water environment and that biocorrosion inhibition efficiency (IE%) of each extract increased with increase in extract concentration and exposure time. Maximum IE% of 97.7, 96.5, and 99.2% was achieved with Musa paradisiaca peel extract, Moringa oleifera leaf extract, and Carica papaya peel extract, respectively, at 4000?mg/l extract concentration and 35 d exposure time. Polarization studies indicated that each of the extracts acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. Mild steel susceptibility to biocorrosion was significantly reduced by each of the extracts through biofilm development suppression and extract adsorption onto the mild steel surface which obeyed Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Flory-Huggins isotherm models. Kinetics of mild steel biocorrosion inhibition followed a Monod form of kinetics (Type A). Gibbs free energy of adsorption values for Musa paradisiaca peel extract (?9.65?kJ/mol), Moringa oleifera leaf extract (?9.57?kJ/mol), and Carica papaya peel extract (?9.71?kJ/mol) showed that each extract adsorption was spontaneous and of physical adsorption.     

Corrosion inhibition and Biocidal effect of some cationic surfactants based on Schiff base

The three cationic surfactants based on Schiff base were laboratory prepared, (E)-decyl-4-[(2-hydroxyethylamino) methyl]-N,N-dimethyl benzenaminium bromide (I), (E)-dodecyl-4-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]-N,N-dimethyl benzenaminium bromide (II) and (E)-hexadecyl-4-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methyl]-N,N-dimethyl benzenaminium bromide (III) were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acid medium and antimicrobial agents against sulfate reducing bacteria, SRB. Three techniques were used for the corrosion inhibition evaluation, namely; weight loss, polarization and electrochemical impedance. The serial dilution method was used to evaluate the inhibiting effect of these compounds on the sulfate reducing bacteria growth. The results showed that the prepared compounds have good antimicrobial activities against the SRB as well as they have high efficiency as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1 M HCl.     

Comparative studies on the corrosion inhibition efficacy of ethanolic extracts of date palm leaves and seeds on carbon steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution

The work reports on the study carried out to comparatively assess the corrosion inhibition efficacy of crude ethanolic extracts of date palm leaves and seeds on X60 carbon steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution at 25–60 °C. The corrosion inhibition studies was carried out using weight loss and electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization resistance) techniques. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed in order to determine the phytoconstituents present in the crude extracts. The influence of extractive solvents on the corrosion inhibition performance of the extracts was also investigated. It is found that the crude extracts of both date palm leaves and seeds contain saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugars. Tannins is only present in the leaves and absent in the seeds while anthraquinones is absent in both extracts. The crude ethanolic extracts inhibited the corrosion of X60 steel in the aggressive 15% HCl solution with the leaves extract showing superior performance. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in concentration of the extracts and temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization results reveal that the extracts function as mixed type inhibitors. Corrosion inhibition occurs by virtue of adsorption of components of the extract on the steel surface and was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. On the influence of the extractive solvents on the corrosion inhibition performance, the order of inhibition efficiency at 60 °C follows the trend DPLAE (73.6%) > DPLEE (62.5%) > DPSAE (59.9%) > DPSEE (55.9%) with the optimum extract concentration (2000 ppm) studied.