吴起采油厂注水系统腐蚀机理及影响因素研究

注水系统结垢是油田注水开采过程中面临的一个重大难题。由于油井含水的不断上升,腐蚀结垢越来越严重,由此造成生产维护成本不断增加而且影响了油田的正常生产,为此注采系统特别是油水井杆管腐蚀治理工作迫在眉睫。由此,以吴起采油厂的特定地质环境条件为基础,深入开展注采系统防腐阻垢技术研究,摸清重点区块的腐蚀结垢机理,掌握其腐蚀结垢规律,有针对性地开展防护措施,对于有效地改善其介质环境,保证油气井的生产寿命、提高油气开采效益、提升油田开发整体水平具有重要意义。     

瓦窑堡采油厂元峁污水处理站注水系统腐蚀结垢原因分析与防治

注水开发是油田增产、稳产的主要措施,但是随着注水时间的增加,注水系统腐蚀结垢日益加剧,严重影响了油田的正常生产。通过现场调查,采集了大量腐蚀结垢样,对影响注水系统腐蚀结垢的机理进行了分析,优选出适合本油田的净水处理剂、缓凝剂,从而为油田能够有效防腐、防垢提供了技术支撑,对油田生产具有重要的指导意义。     

油田水结垢腐蚀机理及对策研究

注水采油在油田开采中广泛应用,而结构腐蚀问题的存在,对于油田生产的影响十分巨大。本文对油田水结垢腐蚀的激励进行了分析,明确了结垢与腐蚀的相互作用,并就防腐阻垢的有效对策进行了研究,希望能够为油田生产的顺利进行提供参考和借鉴。     

油田生产管线防腐防垢措施

主要针对油田开发过程中生产管线的腐蚀结垢情况,对生产管线腐蚀、结垢的因素进行了探讨,并且着重分析了我国目前海上油田生产管线腐蚀防护、结垢处理的主要类型,给出了生产管线防腐防垢的主要措施。     

镇泾油田注水系统防腐阻垢研究与应用

针对镇泾油田采油污水回注系统腐蚀结垢的严重情况,分析了回注系统的水质及管道结垢成分,明确了其腐蚀结垢原因.通过室内实验筛选出的缓蚀阻垢剂PBTCA最适合镇泾油田现场水质防腐阻垢.在药剂质量浓度20 mg/L时,能同时实现对腐蚀与结垢的有效控制.     

盘古梁采油作业区井筒清蜡及地面集输管线结蜡研究

随着油田的持续开发,井下及地面集输系统的结垢腐蚀现象日趋严峻,并直接威胁着油田的稳定生产。如何加强井下及地面系统的清蜡防腐防垢技术研究,提高其防治效果已经十分必要。本论文针对我厂油田的结垢腐蚀现状,结合室内分析和现场调研,对出现结蜡问题最为严重的靖安油田着重进行了防腐清蜡措施研究。     

新型阻垢剂阻垢性能及其应用分析

在油田生产中,不可避免的一个问题是油田用水结垢,这随着油田产出水量的增加而变得更加严重,而阻垢剂在油田生产中的应用,较为有效的解决了油田用水结垢的问题。本文分析了阻垢剂的阻垢机理,并重点探讨了新型阻垢剂在油田生产中的阻垢性能及应用。     

碳钢水冷器的腐蚀结垢与涂料防护

本文叙述了碳钢水冷器的腐蚀与结垢的原因及涂料防腐。并介绍了几种碳钢水冷器防腐阻垢涂料的配方     

油田结垢机理及阻垢剂评价方法探讨

油田结垢有其独特的特点,结垢的预防与去除已成为油田工作者急需面对解决的难题。文章主要就油田结垢机理及影响因素做了阐述,对阻垢剂阻垢机理及主要的阻垢剂评价方法作了初步探讨,希望可以对油田结垢治理工作起到有益的帮助。     

南堡油田油水井结垢趋势预测技术的建立标准及应用探析

在油田生产过程中,地层水和注入水均可能产生无机盐结垢和油水井管线腐蚀,近年来南堡油田陆地及海上人工岛油水井结垢现象普遍,已经影响到油田的正常生产,因此查找结垢原因成为当务之急。实验室利用稳定指数法、饱和指数法、侵蚀性二氧化碳测定等方法对地层水及注入水进行结垢原因分析,分析结垢的来源。利用垢样成分分析结果及水质相关项目数据,验证原因分析的准确性,为南堡油田研究防垢阻垢方法提供技术支持。     

Performance of two heat transfer fouling probes for various fluids

The predictions of two commonly used fouling monitoring devices, namely a heated rod in an annulus and a coiled wire in cross-flow are compared. As fouling fluids, heptane with dissolved styrene (to simulate chemical reaction fouling), heptane with suspended particles (to simulate particulate fouling) and Kraft pulp black liquor (where both the above fouling mechanisms may occur) have been used.     

Testing a mathematical model for initial chemical reaction fouling using a dilute protein solution

A 1 wt% lysozyme solution was used as a model fluid to test a previously formulated mathematical model for the initial chemical reaction fouling rate of a heat transfer surface. The experimental results showed that, at a given wall temperature, a maximum initial fouling rate existed over a range of fluid velocities. The maximum rate and the fluid velocity at which it occurred both increased as the wall temperature increased. These observations were consistent with the model. Quantitatively, the average absolute percent deviation between the experimental results and the optimum model predictions was 23,3%. The decrease in initial fouling rate with increasing velocity at high fluid velocities was even greater than predicted by the model.     

Influence of particle size and particle/fluid combination on particulate fouling in heat exchangers

The influence of particle size on particulate fouling rates during convective sensible heat transfer to liquids has been investigated. Experiments have been carried out using aluminum oxide particles with nominal diameters ranging from 0.06 μm to 15 μm, suspended in an organic solvent for a wide range of concentrations. The observed influence of particle size on the asymptotic fouling resistance is compared with the predictions of the Watkinson–Epstein model. The results of this comparison suggest that, in addition to the changes of mass transfer coefficient with increasing particle size, reduced adhesion forces between particles and wall and increasing removal forces have to be considered as well. Additionally, the influence of different particle/fluid combinations was investigated. Experiments were performed with aluminum oxide particles suspended in isopropanol, isobutanol or water, and with kaolin particles suspended in water.     

膜污染分析及防治

本文综述了膜污染的分析技术，膜污染的影响因素，防止膜污染的措施，膜污染的清洗方法及常用的清洗剂，还介绍了膜污染的定义、膜污染的形式及其新进展。     

A study of autoxidation reaction fouling in heat exchangers

The mechanism of autoxidation reaction fouling in single phase liquid heat transfer under turbulent flow conditions was studied using model solutions of indene in lube oil recirculated through a tubular fouling probe which permitted both thermal and mass deposition measurements. The fouling rate was initially constant, and then accelerated as polyperoxide gums reached their solubility limit. Deposit composition and morphology in the tubular device are compared with results obtained in an annular probe with a short heated length. The initial fouling data collected over surface temperatures of 180?255°C and flow velocities of 0.5–2.6 m/s (Re = 3000 ? 16000) gave reasonable agreement with a boundary layer reaction model.     

Influence of operating conditions on particulate fouling

The influence of flow velocity and particle size on the deposition of suspended alumina particles onto heat transfer surfaces was measured with two fouling probes, namely, a heated cylindrical rod in an annulus and a coiled wire in crossflow. Additionally, the response of the fouled probes to such changes as may occur in operating heat exchangers was investigated. The measured influence of flow velocity, wall temperature, bulk temperature, heat flux, particle concentration and particle size on the fouling behaviour as described in this paper and in a companion paper is compared to the predictions of several fouling models from the literature, and recommendations are made for further improvement of these models.     

Optimal design of a heat exchanger undergoing reaction fouling

The design of heat exchangers which resist fouling is examined. It is shown that for asymptotic reaction fouling in a uniform wall temperature exchanger with outlet fluid temperature kept constant, it is possible to obtain an optimum combination of exchanger size and tube-side temperature. This optimum minimises the amount of fouling in the system. An equation which gives a good approximation to the optimum is derived, and its limitations discussed.     

膜生物反应器的污染及防治

控制膜生物反应器(MBR)的膜污染、提高膜清洗效率、延长膜运行周期,是影响MBR推广应用的至关重要的问题。现从膜、生物及运行条件等方面分析了膜污染的影响因素,并提出了MBR污染防治的相应措施。     

膜生物反应器膜污染的研究进展

从膜的结构性质、反应器操作条件、处理液微生物性质三个方面介绍了膜生物反应器膜污染机理研究的进展,总结了优化膜生物反应器设计、调节膜生物反应器操作条件、在线超声控制、化学方法等膜污染控制的常用方法,对未来膜污染研究进行了展望。