丙烯酸铵反相微乳液体系研究

为了制备一个均匀稳定且固含较高的丙烯酸铵反相微乳液体系,通过对微乳液体系电导率、丁达尔现象、稳定性等参数的测定,考察了连续相、乳化剂、HLB值、水相、电解质以及助乳化剂等因素对丙烯酸铵微乳液体系的影响,最终得到了由Isopar M异构烷烃以及Span80/OP-10复配乳化剂构成的丙烯酸铵反相微乳液体系。该体系单体固含达17.65%,均匀稳定,长期放置不分层。     

丙烯酰胺反相微乳液的制备研究

通过检测乳液电导率,观察其外观、丁达尔现象等方法,研究各种烷烃、乳化体系及单体水相对丙烯酰胺反相微乳液稳定性的影响,得到Isopar M/Span80-Tween60/AM/H2O最优体系微乳液,确定了体系乳化剂用量为18.52%(m/m),最优HLB为8~8.5,最佳单体水溶液浓度50%(m/m),最大水相加入量22.22%(m/m),最佳油水比2.67。     

用聚合型乳化剂制备反相乳液的研究

以丙烯酸钠水溶液为水相,煤油为油相,Span80甲基丙烯酸酯(Span80 MA)聚合型乳化剂、Span80和Twen80为复配乳化剂,制备反相乳液。计算聚合型乳化剂(Span80MA)的HLB值,考察了乳化剂浓度、水相体积分数φ及单体浓度对乳液类型及稳定性的影响规律。结果显示:HLB(Span80MA)=4.0;形成稳定的反相乳液理想条件为:Span80MA∶Span80∶Twen80=0.7∶0.5∶0.2;乳化剂浓度为7%;φ=50%;单体浓度为2.0～3.0 mol/L。     

丙烯酰胺反相微乳液的制备与表征

用复合乳化剂(Span 80/OP-10)制备了稳定的丙烯酰胺(AM)反相微乳液,研究了温度、复合乳化剂的配比及浓度对单体增溶量的影响,并通过紫外分光光度计、乌氏黏度计等对微乳液体系的微观结构和特征进行了分析和表征.     

DMDAAC-AM反相微乳液体系的制备及聚合

以非离子表面活性剂Span-80和OP-10为复配乳化体系,煤油为油相,二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,采用电导法和目测法相结合的方式,考察了乳化剂的亲水疏水平衡(HLB)值、水相单体浓度和配比、电解质、温度和乳化剂浓度等因素对体系稳定性和水相增溶量的影响. 结果表明,HLB为7.70、水溶液中单体浓度为60%、DMDAAC/AM摩尔比为0.2、水相中甲酸钠浓度为1.25%时,体系的电导率变化较为平稳,增溶水量也较多,温度的升高对体系的稳定性有反作用. 对该体系进行聚合,可得到澄清稳定的聚合物微胶乳. 比较聚合前后体系的粒径分布发现,聚合物粒子的体积明显增大,表明聚合过程符合单体扩散和胶束碰撞两种机理.     

含聚合型乳化剂反相乳液体系的稳定性研究

以煤油为油相,丙烯酸钠水溶液为水相,聚合型乳化剂、Span80和Twen80为复配乳化剂,制备反相乳液。计算出聚合型乳化剂的HLB值,考察了乳化剂浓度、水相体积分数及单体浓度对乳液类型及稳定性的影响规律。     

MMA反相微乳液体系的稳定性及相结构表征

采用电导率法,测定了以表面活性剂丁二酸-2-乙基己基磺酸钠(AOT)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和水构成的反相微乳液体系的稳定性,考察了油相极性、表面活性剂浓度、分散相浓度及离子价态、助乳化剂丙烯酰胺(AM)对反相微乳液体系的影响,确定了反相微乳液体系体系的局部相图,初步表征了反相微乳液体系的相结构。结果表明,以极性单体作为油相的微乳液体系电导率与增溶水量的变化关系中不存在突变点,有别于一般的以低极性或非极性烷烃(或混合烷烃)作为油相的微乳液体系。当体系中AOT浓度0.1~0.3 M,分散相(盐溶液)浓度≤0.05 M,增溶水量([H2O]/[AOT]摩尔比)w≤9时,可以得到稳定的反相微乳液体系,AM的存在能够增大体系的增溶能力。     

Span80-Tween60/液体石蜡/AM/AA反相微乳液体系稳定性研究

用电导法研究了表面活性剂 HLB 值、单体配比和电解质浓度对反相微乳液体系稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,表面活性剂Span80与Tween60复配且HLB值为7.48,单体AM与AA质量含量为33%时且AM与AA的质量比为9︰1,加入具有盐析效应的质量浓度为50 g/L或100 g/L NaCl时,制备的Span80-Tween60/液体石蜡/AM/AA反相微乳液体系稳定性最好.     

DMDAAC-AM-MA反相微乳液聚合体系的制备与优化

以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和顺丁烯二酸(MA)为乳化单体,正丁醇为助乳化剂,聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(Triton X-10)、失水山梨醇油酸酯(Span 80)和聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐硬脂酸酯(Tween 60)为乳化剂,液体石蜡、异辛烷和环己烷为有机溶剂,进行体系增溶实验。采用电导法和染料法研究了单体总质量浓度、AM摩尔分数、阴阳离子单体配比、乳化剂质量分数、助乳化剂与复合乳化剂质量比等对微乳液体系最小乳化剂用量(Smin)和最大增溶水量的影响。结果表明,异辛烷与Span80/Tween60复合乳化剂组成的乳化体系增溶性较好;当单体总质量浓度为40%、n(AM)∶n(MA)∶n(DMDAAC)=6∶2∶2、亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)为11.30、w(复合乳化剂)=33%和m(助乳化剂)∶m(复合乳化剂)=1∶7时,所形成的反相微乳液增溶水量大、乳化剂用量少且稳定性强。     

乳化剂对AM/AMPS反相乳液性能影响研究

研究了Span80/Tween80、Span80/M-9、Span85/Tween85、Span80/OP-10、Span85/Tween80、M-3、Span85/M-9、Span85/OP-10八种非离子乳化剂复配体系对AM/AMPS反相乳液电导率、油水界面张力、乳液稳定指数、乳液微观结构等的影响。结果表明,适合AM/AMPS反相乳液体系的乳化剂为Span80/OP-10。     

丙烯酰胺反相微乳液体系的制备、聚合及表征

本论文探讨了用Span80,Tween60为复合乳化剂,煤油为分散介质,制备丙烯酰胺的反相微乳液,并研究了所形成微乳兴的微观结构和影响该微乳液体系聚合反应的因素,本文重点研究了复合乳化剂的配比,丙烯酰胺反相微乳液体系的形成机理,并通过紫外分光光度计,旋转粘度计等对微乳液体系可能形成的微观结构和特性进行了分析探讨。其后,采用氧化还原引发剂体系进行了微乳液聚合,并对聚丙烯酰胺的物理性能,化学结构,相对分子质量等进行了测定和表征。     

含聚合型乳化剂反相乳液体系的稳定性研究

以煤油为油相,丙烯酸钠水溶液为水相,自制的非离子聚合型乳化剂-Span80丙烯酸酯(Span80AA)、Span80和Twen80组成复合乳化剂,制备反相乳液。计算出Span80AA的HLB值,考察了乳化剂浓度、水相体积分数Φ及单体浓度对乳液类型及稳定性的影响。结果表明:HLB(Span80AA)=2.709;Span80AA、Span80和Twen80的最佳质量比为0.8∶0.3∶0.1。形成稳定的反相乳液理想条件是:复合乳化剂质量分数为6%~8%;Φ<57%;单体浓度为2.0~3.5 mol/L。     

白油W/O/W型多重乳状液的稳定性研究

以多重乳状液相对体积为衡量标准,用显微镜直接观察,探讨了乳化剂的HLB值、质量分数、亲油亲水乳化剂体积比及油水的相比等对白油W/O/W型多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响。结果表明单一乳化剂体系中适宜的制备条件:乳液中乳化剂质量分数为12.2%,V(Span80)/V(Tween80)=7.5;适合多重乳液稳定的油水相比为:第一相体积比为2.5,第二相体积比为0.2。复合乳化剂体系中适宜的制备条件:第一相乳化剂的HLB值为6.5,V(复合乳化剂)/V(Tween80)=27.5,乳液中乳化剂质量分数为9.5%。     

反相乳液法合成可膨胀再湿性胶粘剂

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主单体,甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯(DMAM)为功能性单体,采用反相乳液聚合方法,制备可吸水膨胀的再湿性胶粘剂。讨论了分散介质、水相的pH值、乳化剂种类、引发剂种类和用量、反应温度和交联剂用量对产物粘度、亲水膨胀性能、剥离强度和稳定性的影响。结果表明,当采用煤油为分散介质。失水山梨醇油酸酯(Span80)和失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(Span20)作为乳化剂,采用油性和水性复合引发体系,交联剂用量为单体量的0．08％-0．12％,水相pH值在6．0-7．5时,可获得乳液体系稳定、亲水膨胀性能优良,返湿速度快的胶粘剂。     

反相微乳液聚合制备聚丙烯酰胺

选用ＳＰＡＮ８０－ＯＰ１０复合乳化剂，煤油为油相，进行了丙烯酰胺的反相微乳液聚合研究，制得了水溶解速度显著加快的聚丙烯酰胺，并对构成稳定微乳液的乳化剂ＨＬＢ值进行了研究。     

Mass transfer studies on multiple emulsion as a controlled mass release system

A novel type of multiple emulsions which contain a microemulsion in macrodroplets, was prepared by a two-step emulsification procedure. Mineral oil was used as the oil phase with a mixture of Aerosol OT and Span 20 as primary emulsifiers. A water-in-oil microemulsion was prepared by gradual addition of water in oil containing both these emulsifiers. This microemulsion system, when dispersed in an aqueous solution containing secondary emulsifier, produces water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions. The release rate of solute dissolved in the internal aqueous phase was measured using the dialysis technique. A theoretical model describing the diffusion of a multiple emulsion system was developed, which predicts the half-life for 50% of the internal solute to diffuse to the external phase. Experimental results showed the stability of multiple emulsions improved significantly upon using a thermodynamically stable microemulsion as a primary emulsion and a polymeric surfactant as a secondary emulsifier. As a resull, half-life of these multiple emulsions is greater than that of conventional multiple emulsions.     

EFFECTS OF THE EMULSIFIER IN COPPER EXTRACTION BY LIX64N-SPAN 80 LIQUID SURFACTANT MEMBRANES

Span 80-LIX65N-LIX63 liquid surfactant membranes (LSMs) were used to extract copper from sulfate solutions at a pH of 2.0. The physico-chemical effects of Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) were investigated with the aid of measurements of emulsion stability (as determined by leakage of K ions from the internal to the external phase), membrane phase viscosity, emulsion viscosity, and inter-facial tension. As the concentration of Span 80 was increased, copper extraction rate at first increased, rose through a maximum, and then decreased. The initial increase corresponded to a significant improvement in the stability of emulsion globules. Inter-facial tension measurements indicated that in order to achieve stable emulsion globules, a high adsorption density of the emulsi-fier at the emulsion interfaces in a LSM system was needed. It was further shown that a bulk phase emulsifier-extractant interaction at high extractant concentrations had an adverse effect on the stability of emulsion globules by removing emulsifier molecules from the interface. However, the high emulsifier adsorption density required for emulsion stability led to a decrease in the extractant concentration at the interface and therefore reduced the rate of copper complexation at the membrane phase/external phase interface. In addition, the viscosity measurements suggested that the decrease in metal extraction at emulsifier concentrations above the optimum might also be partly a result of the restricted movement of the internal phase droplets, an increase in the inter-facial viscosity, and/or a decrease in the membrane phase/external phase interfacial area.     

反相乳液聚合法合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的研究

以液体石蜡为连续相，选择Span80-Tween80的复合乳化剂，进行了AM—DMC的反相共聚合反应，研究了温度、单体配比、乳化剂质量分数对聚合物性能的影响。     

皂化P204微乳液膜处理含锌废水的研究

研究以皂化P204为载体的微乳液膜配方及其稳定性.采用P204/Span80/煤油/NaOH微乳体系萃取废水中Zn^2＋,考察了P204与煤油和Span80的质量比、NaOH的浓度、乳水比、外水相pH值、油相重复使用次数等因素对Zn^2＋萃取率的影响.结果表明,当P204与煤油的质量比为1：2.5,P204与Span80的质量比为1：1,NaOH浓度为1.5mol/L,乳水比为1：4（体积比）,废水pH值为5.5时,萃取10min,P204/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜对Zn^2＋萃取率可达99.72%,P204/Span80/煤油/NaOH微乳液膜对Zn^2＋萃取率可达99.98%,微乳液膜不仅稳定性好、萃取效率高,而且工艺简单、膜相可自动破乳、油相可重复使用.