输入受限约束下的汽车横摆力矩混合切换控制策略研究

目前在汽车横摆力矩控制器设计中,往往忽略了系统输入是有限的这一约束条件,因此所设计的控制器并不能总是工作在预先设定的反馈规律下。这在实际环境中将导致系统性能的不可靠。为此,在二次最优控制器的基础上,增加抗饱和控制器的设计,并通过混合切换控制策略来达到既保证良好的控制性能,同时又能适应系统输入有限这一约束条件。仿真实验表明,所设计的控制策略与这些控制器单独控制相比,不仅抗饱和性能得到提高,而且控制性能也同样令人满意。该方案的设计为更加合理的汽车稳定性控制策略提供参考。     

Robust Finite-time Attitude Tracking Control of Rigid Spacecraft Under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the robust finite-time attitude tracking control problem for rigid spacecraft considering the modeling uncertainty, external disturbance and actuator saturation. An auxiliary system is proposed to directly compensate for the saturated control input. First, the basic controller is formulated based on the fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface (FNTSMS), the fast-TSM-type reaching law and the auxiliary system in the presence of upper bounded external disturbance. Then, when facing system uncertainty which consists of both modeling uncertainty and external disturbance and has upper bounded first derivative, the extended state observer (ESO) is associated with the first controller to improve the robustness of control system. Furthermore, to handle more general system uncertainty which is upper bounded by a polynomial function of the closed-loop system states, a continuous adaptive controller is designed to compensate for the total system uncertainty on line. The proposed controllers are able to deal with system uncertainty, input singularity and actuator saturation, while simultaneously providing fast finite-time convergence speed for the control system. And the problems of complex parameters selection process and repeated differentiations of nonlinear functions can be avoided. Rigorous stability analyses are given via the Lyapunov stability theory and digital simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.     

基于离散指数趋近律的开关电源模糊滑模控制

对于Buck/Boost变换器,传统的控制器如PID控制器、Ⅲ型误差放大器等存在超调量过大、响应时间过长、鲁棒性不强等问题,为克服这些缺点,提出基于离散指数趋近律的开关电源模糊滑模控制方案.首先,针对工作在电感电流连续模式(CCM)的Buck/Boost变换器采用状态空间平均法建立平均线性模型;然后设计离散指数趋近律的滑模控制器,并分析了切换参数对系统的影响;最后,为改善控制效果,设计了模糊控制器.仿真结果表明,相对于传统的控制器,指数趋近律的模糊滑模控制器有效地降低了超调量,提高了系统的响应时间,并且对外部干扰的鲁棒性较好.利用所设计的控制算法实现了对50 W高频开关电源样机的良好控制,进一步证明了所提方法的有效性.     

Predefined-time control for Euler–Lagrange systems with model uncertainties and actuator faults

A novel adaptive predefined-time tracking control algorithm is proposed for the Euler–Lagrange systems (ELSs) with model uncertainties and actuator faults. Compared with traditional finite-time and fixed-time studies, the system output tracking error under the proposed predefined-time controller converges to a small neighborhood of zero in finite time, whose upper bound is exactly a design parameter in the control algorithm. For the uncertain model, radial-based function neural network (RBFNN) is utilized to approximate the continuous uncertain dynamics. To deal with the actuator faults, an adaptive control law is involved in the fault-tolerant controller. In order to achieve the predefined-time bounded, a novel predefined-time sliding mode surface is designed. It is proved that the tracking error vector trajectory of closed-loop system is semi-globally uniformly ultimately predefined-time bounded, and the upper bounds of both the system settling time and the corresponding output tracking error can be adjusted with a simple parameter. Simulation examples finally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

Adaptive logic‐based switching fault‐tolerant controller design for nonlinear uncertain systems

This paper deals with the problem of fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems against actuator faults using adaptive logic‐based switching control method. The uncertainties under consideration are assumed to be dominated by a bounding system which is linear in growth in the unmeasurable states but can be a continuous function of the system output, with unknown growth rates. Several types of common actuator faults, e.g., bias, loss‐of‐effectiveness, stuck and hard‐over faults are integrated by a unified fault model. By utilizing a novel adaptive logic‐based switching control scheme, the actuator faults can be detected and automatically accommodated by switching from the stuck actuator to the healthy or even partly losing‐effectiveness one with bias, in the presence of large parametric uncertainty. In particular, two switching logics for updating the gain in the output feedback controllers are designed to ensure the global stability of the nominal (fault‐free) system and the boundedness of all closed‐loop signals of the faulty system, respectively. Two simulation examples of an aircraft wing model and a single‐link flexible‐joint robot are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed FTC controller. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多控制器的直接自适应控制

为解决多模型自适应控制可能造成的模型失配不稳定性问题,利用非伪控制理论,提出了一种直接辨识控制器的方法。由一步超前控制器构造控制器集,通过一个具有一定属性的恰当选择的代价函数,只要控制器集中至少存在一个镇定的控制器,即自适应控制问题是可行的,滞后切换逻辑总能快速将镇定控制器切换到控制回路中,保证闭环系统稳定和输出误差渐近趋于零。给出了闭环系统在L2e意义下输入输出稳定性结论,并给出仿真实例验证其有效性。     

Guaranteed cost active fault-tolerant control of networked control system with packet dropout and transmission delay

The problem of guaranteed cost active fault-tolerant controller (AFTC) design for networked control systems (NCSs) with both packet dropout and transmission delay is studied in this paper. Considering the packet dropout and transmission delay, a piecewise constant controller is adopted. With a guaranteed cost function, optimal controllers whose number is equal to the number of actuators are designed, and the design process is formulated as a convex optimal problem that can be solved by existing software. The control strategy is proposed as follows: when actuator failures appear, the fault detection and isolation unit sends out the information to the controller choosing strategy, and then the optimal stabilizing controller with the smallest guaranteed cost value is chosen. Two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. By comparing with the existing methods, it can be seen that our method has a better performance.     

Design of Bang-bang Controller Based on a Fuzzy-Neuro Approach: Application to a Heating System

A fuzzy-neuro approach for the design of bang-bang controller is presented in this paper. The approach has been used with success for the time optimal bang-bang control of a heating system. The improved bang-bang controller suppresses the oscillations often observed at the output of an on-off controller. A fuzzy system is used for the implementation of the on-off control. An extension of the fuzzy control is provided by an equivalent neural network of the fuzzy system. A test application, that of a house heating with a two-state furnace, is developed and evaluated with standard hysteresis switching, fuzzy control, and fuzzy-neuro control.     

Uniting bounded control and MPC for stabilization of constrained linear systems

In this work, a hybrid control scheme, uniting bounded control with model predictive control (MPC), is proposed for the stabilization of linear time-invariant systems with input constraints. The scheme is predicated upon the idea of switching between a model predictive controller, that minimizes a given performance objective subject to constraints, and a bounded controller, for which the region of constrained closed-loop stability is explicitly characterized. Switching laws, implemented by a logic-based supervisor that constantly monitors the plant, are derived to orchestrate the transition between the two controllers in a way that safeguards against any possible instability or infeasibility under MPC, reconciles the stability and optimality properties of both controllers, and guarantees asymptotic closed-loop stability for all initial conditions within the stability region of the bounded controller. The hybrid control scheme is shown to provide, irrespective of the chosen MPC formulation, a safety net for the practical implementation of MPC, for open-loop unstable plants, by providing a priori knowledge, through off-line computations, of a large set of initial conditions for which closed-loop stability is guaranteed. The implementation of the proposed approach is illustrated, through numerical simulations, for an exponentially unstable linear system.     

A framework for multiple robust explicit MPC controllers for linear systems

This article presents a multi-mode explicit controller for constrained linear systems with bounded disturbances using a switching strategy based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). In the proposed approach, the system switches among several MPC controllers having different performance levels. The switching is done so as to achieve increasing levels of performance as time evolves, reaching the desired controller in finite time steps. The conditions needed for switching and robust convergence of the multi-mode MPC controllers are provided. Compared with standard robust explicit MPC implementations, the proposed approach has the flexibility of having a large domain of attraction, a good asymptotic behaviour and a small number of partitions.     

近似时间最优的舵机多模位置控制策略

高超声速飞行器要求其伺服作动系统具有高动态高精度的特性,针对传统控制方法难以兼顾系统动态和精度的难题,本文设计了一种近似时间最优的舵机多模位置控制策略.首先建立了以一阶惯性环节串联积分器表征舵机输入输出特性的特征模型.然后以相平面为分析工具,给出了其近似时间最优控制的切换区;在切换区外以快速性为目标而采用bang-bang最优控制,在切换区内以避免振荡和超调为目标而采用bang-bang次优控制;为提高稳态性能,在小误差时时采用线性控制.实验表明,该方法响应快速,避免了振荡和超调,很好地满足了对伺服作动系统高动态高精度的要求.     

Design of a fuzzy adaptive controller for MIMO nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown actuator nonlinearities and unknown control direction

This paper aims at investigating the fuzzy adaptive control design for uncertain multivariable systems with unknown actuator nonlinearities and unknown control direction that possibly exhibit time-delay. The actuator nonlinearities involve dead-zone or backlash-like hysteresis, while the control direction is closely related to the sign of the control gain matrix. Two fuzzy adaptive controllers are proposed to deal with such an issue. The design of the first controller is mainly carried out in the free time-delay case, while the second control design is performed assuming that the system exhibits time-varying delays. Of practical interest, the adaptive compensation of the effects of the actuator nonlinearities requires neither the knowledge of their parameters nor the construction of their inverse. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge of the control direction is handled by incorporating in the control law a Nussbaum-type function. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy adaptive controllers is illustrated through simulation results.     

基于有界扰动分区的多模型自适应控制

对于含有界扰动的离散时间系统,将有界扰动变化范围分割成若干小区间,针对这些区间建立多个自适应模型,并针对每一个自适应模型建立相应的控制器.给定一个指标切换函数,基于多个自适应模型控制器和给定的指标切换函数构成多模型自适应控制器.可以证明多模型自适应控制器能够保证闭环系统是输入输出有界稳定的.仿真实例表明,当被控对象的有界扰动随时间变化的时候,采用单一模型自适应控制,系统输出很难跟踪设定值,而多模型自适应控制器却极大地改善了控制品质.     

Fault-tolerant control strategy for multicylinder hydraulic press machine based on dynamic control allocation and adjustable multiobjective optimization

A hierarchical controller is proposed for achieving high-accuracy control and the dynamic balance with the presence of multiple faults of actuator, the external disturbance, and the model uncertainties in multicylinder hydraulic press machine (MCHPM). The method divides the controller design into three steps: Virtual fault-tolerant control law, control allocation algorithm, and actuator control law, which are progressive. First, to precisely compensate the lumped disturbances including the multiple faults of actuator, the external disturbance, and the model uncertainties, a disturbance observer (DO) is developed. By combining the observer with the sliding mode control (SMC), a virtual fault-tolerant control law is designed. Second, a highly integrated control allocation algorithm for the virtual fault-tolerant control law is proposed to get the desired driving force, taking into account dynamic control allocation (DCA), multiobjective optimization (MOO) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) simultaneously. Third, taking the driving force obtained from above control allocation algorithm as the desired target, the control law of each cylinder is calculated. The global stability for the whole system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Lastly, results of simulation and experiment show that the proposed controller can effectively handle different faults and have more superior control performance.     

Observer‐Based Reliable Control for Discrete‐Time Switched Linear Systems with Faulty Actuators

This paper deals with the issue of reliable control for discrete‐time switched linear systems with faulty actuators by utilizing a multiple Lyapunov functions method and estimate state‐dependent switching technique. A solvability condition for the reliable control problem is given in terms of matrix inequality with an extra matrix variable. This condition allows the reliable control problem for each individual subsystem to be unsolvable. For each subsystem of such a switched system, we design an observer and an observer‐based controller. A switching rule depending on the observer state is designed which, together with the controllers, can guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop switched system for all admissible actuator failures. The observers, controllers, and switching law are explicitly computed by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed design method is illustrated by two numerical examples.     

Switching control of linear systems subject to asymmetric actuator saturation

In this paper, we study the saturation control problem for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems subject to asymmetric actuator saturation under a switching control framework. The LTI plant with asymmetric saturation is first transformed to an equivalent switched linear model with each subsystem subject to symmetric actuator saturation, based on which a dwell-time switching controller augmented with a controller state reset is then developed by using multiple Lyapunov functions. The controller synthesis conditions are formulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be solved efficiently. Simulation results are also included to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.     

Adaptive Dynamic Surface control of An electrohydraulic Actuator with Friction Compensation

In this paper, an adaptive nonlinear control scheme with a friction observer for position control of an electrohydraulic actuator is proposed. The observer based on the LuGre friction model is employed to compensate for the friction. Adaptation laws are used to handle parameter uncertainties in the actuator and friction model. The control law including dynamics of the observer is developed through a backstepping‐like dynamic surface control (DSC) technique. Experimental results have illustrated the success of the control scheme. The results also show that the adaptive DSC controller has better tracking performance than an adaptive backstepping and conventional PI controllers.     

不对称欠驱动水面机器人事件触发全局渐近镇定控制

本文研究了不对称欠驱动水面机器人事件触发全局渐近镇定控制问题.首先,引入坐标变换将系统全局渐近镇定控制问题转化为变换后模型欠驱动子系统的全局渐近镇定控制问题,利用周期时间函数构造时变辅助变量提出了一种时变连续的镇定控制律,并结合切换门限事件触发机制设计实际的事件触发推力与力矩控制输入使闭环系统全局渐近稳定.所提出的方法...     

Nonlinear multivariable adaptive control using multiple models and neural networks

In this paper, a multivariable adaptive control approach is proposed for a class of unknown nonlinear multivariable discrete-time dynamical systems. By introducing a k-difference operator, the nonlinear terms of the system are not required to be globally bounded. The proposed adaptive control scheme is composed of a linear adaptive controller, a neural-network-based nonlinear adaptive controller and a switching mechanism. The linear controller can assure boundedness of the input and output signals, and the neural network nonlinear controller can improve performance of the system. By using the switching scheme between the linear and nonlinear controllers, it is demonstrated that improved performance and stability can be achieved simultaneously. Theory analysis and simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Finite-time quantised feedback asynchronously switched control of sampled-data switched linear systems

This paper studies the problem of stabilising a sampled-data switched linear system by quantised feedback asynchronously switched controllers. The idea of a quantised feedback asynchronously switched control strategy originates in earlier work reflecting actual system characteristic of switching and quantising, respectively. A quantised scheme is designed depending on switching time using dynamic quantiser. When sampling time, system switching time and controller switching time are all not uniform, the proposed switching controllers guarantee the system to be finite-time stable by a piecewise Lyapunov function and the average dwell-time method. Simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the developed results.