蜂胶/纳米SiO2复合膜的制备和性能研究

以明胶为基材,添加适量的蜂胶和纳米SiO2制备分散均匀的蜂胶/纳米SiO2复合膜。采用单因素实验分别研究了明胶、蜂胶和纳米SiO2添加量对复合膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、透光率、水蒸气透过性、氧气透过性和二氧化碳透过性的影响,对实验结果进行多指标主成分分析。获得膜综合性能优良的组合因素与水平为:明胶添加量2g/100mL,蜂胶添加量1.5g/100mL,纳米SiO2添加量0.03g/100mL。     

黄秋葵多糖/明胶膜的制备与特性

将黄秋葵多糖添加到明胶中制备黄秋葵多糖/明胶复合膜,研究黄秋葵多糖添加量对膜厚度、水溶性、机械性能、水蒸气透过系数、色泽、透光性和不透明度的影响以及膜对鱼肉的保鲜效果。结果表明,随着黄秋葵多糖添加量的增加,膜的厚度和水溶性增加而水蒸气透过系数和拉伸强度降低,膜的断裂伸长率先降后升;添加黄秋葵多糖的膜色泽改变显著,具有较好的光阻透作用和较好的抑制鱼肉脂肪氧化作用。黄秋葵多糖/明胶复合膜在食品包装保鲜方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

明胶/纳米TiO_2膜的制备与特性研究

将纳米TiO_2添加到明胶中制备明胶/纳米TiO_2复合膜,研究TiO_2添加量对膜厚度、水溶性、机械性能、水蒸气透过系数、色泽、透光性和不透明度的影响以及膜对鱼肉的保鲜效果。结果表明:随着TiO_2添加量的增加,膜的厚度、水溶性和水蒸气透过系数降低,膜的拉伸强度先降后升而断裂伸长率先升后降;添加纳米TiO_2的膜色泽改变显著,具有优异光阻透作用和有效抑制鱼肉脂肪氧化作用。明胶/纳米TiO_2复合膜在食品包装保鲜方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于静电相互作用的聚丙烯酸钠强化胶原纤维膜

为了提高胶原纤维膜的性能,基于聚丙烯酸钠的负电性与酸膨胀的胶原纤维的正电性,利用其静电相互 作用原理,采用质量分数为0.1%～1.0%的聚丙烯酸钠强化胶原纤维膜,评价了其对膜性能的影响。结果发现： 随着聚丙烯酸钠质量分数的增加,成膜液的Zeta电位有显著变化（P＜0.05）,表明其静电相互作用增强。加入 聚丙烯酸钠后,复合膜的拉伸强度逐渐增大,最高达到纯膜的1.50 倍;断裂延伸率、透光率和水蒸气透过率下 降,其中,水蒸气透过率最低为1.30×10－12 g/（cm·s·Pa）;膜热稳定性分析表明,复合膜降解温度提高, 膜厚无明显变化,扫描电子显微镜显示聚丙烯酸钠-胶原纤维复合膜更致密。当聚丙烯酸钠的质量分数为0.3% 时,复合膜的综合性能较佳,拉伸强度为37.60 MPa,断裂延伸率为14.20%,透光率为48.70%,水蒸气透过率为 1.30×10－12 g/（cm·s·Pa）。此外,红外分析也显示复合膜的构象发生了变化。静电相互作用导致了聚丙烯酸钠 与胶原蛋白的作用增强及其膜性能的变化,适宜的添加量可有效地改良胶原纤维膜的性能。     

微纤化纤维素-谷朊粉复合膜制备和性能研究

以谷朊粉作为基础成膜物质,添加不同质量分数(0%~10%)的微纤化纤维素(MFC)制备复合膜,并对其理化性质进行分析。结果表明:随着MFC添加量的增大,复合膜的厚度有所增加而透光性降低;机械性能得到改善,10%的MFC添加导致膜拉伸强度(TS)提高了9.2 MPa,而断裂延伸率(E)降低了55.02%;同时,膜的阻隔性能得到提高,10%的MFC添加量造成膜的水溶性降低了9.93%,水蒸气透过性(WVP)由最初的3.75×10~(-6) g·m/Pa·s·m~2降低到1.05×10~(-6) g·m/Pa·s·m~2,氧气透过率由49.8 meq/kg降低到34.9 meq/kg。此外,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合膜的微观结构发现随着MFC的加入,膜的微观结构变得多孔粗糙,断面不平整;另外,差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析表明MFC提高了复合膜的热稳定性。MFC可作为一种有效的强化方法应用于谷朊粉基质膜的改良。     

谷朊粉与玉米醇溶蛋白可食性复合膜的研究

研究了谷阮粉和玉米醇溶蛋白可食性复合膜的成膜条件及复合膜的特性。结果表明:复合膜中玉米醇溶蛋白的适宜添加量为25%。在各自最佳成膜条件下,复合膜的水蒸气透过率为5.97g·mm/m2·d·kPa,比对照降低了12.1%;拉伸强度为3.45MPa,比对照提高了22.6%。综合考虑水蒸气透过率与拉伸强度两项指标,确定适宜的成膜条件为:pH12、热处理温度70℃、乙醇浓度55%、甘油浓度10%,此条件下复合膜的水蒸气透过率为6.01g·mm/m2·d·kPa,比对照降低11.5%;拉伸强度为3.39MPa,比对照提高20.7%。该复合膜同时具有良好的热封性。     

大豆分离蛋白/纳米纤维素/阿魏酸复合膜的制备及其包装性能

在大豆分离蛋白中添加纳米纤维素和阿魏酸,制备不同组分的大豆蛋白复合膜,研究纳米纤维素和阿魏酸的添加对复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、氧气透过率、吸湿性、透光率、接触角及抑菌率的影响。结果表明:当纳米纤维素添加量为20.0 g、阿魏酸添加量为0.4 g时,复合膜的性能最佳,与纯大豆分离蛋白膜相比,其拉伸强度和接触角分别提高116.19%和127.21%,吸湿性也有所提升,而断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率以及氧气透过率分别降低59.76%、90.91%和77.55%,透光率也显著下降(P0.05)。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射分析可知,阿魏酸的交联作用使蛋白质分子结构变得致密,并使纳米纤维素分子与蛋白质分子间作用力加强,使其表面变得光滑,横截面变得平整,而阿魏酸的添加也使复合膜具有了一定的抑菌作用。本实验为大豆蛋白复合膜的进一步研究提供了技术参考,拓宽了大豆蛋白复合膜的应用范围。     

海藻酸钠-鱼明胶复合可食膜的制备及特性研究

为改善鱼明胶和海藻酸钠单一可食膜的各项性能,以鱼明胶为主体,辅以不同浓度的海藻酸钠,以3%(质量浓度)甘油为增塑剂,使用流延法制备海藻酸钠/鱼明胶复合可食膜。将海藻酸钠和鱼明胶单一膜为对照,分析不同海藻酸钠-鱼明胶比例对可食膜水蒸气透过率、溶解性、含水量、色差值、抗拉强度、抗菌能力及保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,通过复合,可食膜的各项性质较单一膜均有所改善。随着海藻酸钠∶鱼明胶质量配比由1∶9增至1∶1,复合膜的水蒸气透过率由6.19 gm^-1d^-1MPa^-1降至2.80 gm^-1d^-1MPa^-1,溶解率由61.60%增至73.92%,阻水性与溶解性均显著提高;而随着鱼明胶质量浓度由25 g/L增至45 g/L,复合膜拉伸强度显著增加,且当鱼明胶质量浓度为45 g/L时,膜的拉伸强度达到最大值(458.00 g·f)。此外,单一膜和复合膜均表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌有良好的抑菌活性。     

含硅藻土负载香芹酚复合体的明胶基缓释抗菌膜的制备与性能

本研究利用多孔结构的硅藻土负载香芹酚制备抗菌复合体，并将其加入至明胶基质中通过流延成膜法制备明胶基活性复合膜，探究复合体的添加量对明胶膜物理性能与抗菌活性的影响。扫描电子显微镜观察、傅里叶变换红外光谱等结果表明，香芹酚成功吸附于硅藻土孔隙内部及表面。随着复合体添加量的增加，明胶膜的厚度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率增加，而透光率、水溶性、含水量和拉伸强度降低，同时抗氧化和抗菌性能明显提高。当复合体的添加量为20%时，复合膜仍表现出较好的综合性能，其拉伸强度为15.13 MPa，断裂伸长率为67.43%,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率为56.33%，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别达到39.4 mm和23.7 mm。更为重要的是，与直接添加等量香芹酚的明胶膜相比，硅藻土负载后使得香芹酚在明胶膜中的释放速率更慢，明胶膜的抗菌性能更长效。该实验结果可为利用硅藻土等无机矿物质负载香芹酚等植物精油制备具有缓释性能的明胶基抗菌膜提供一定的参考。     

甘油对明胶-普鲁兰多糖可食性材料性能的影响

为了提高明胶-普鲁兰多糖可食性材料的性能,研究甘油添加量对其机械强度、颜色、氧气透过率、水蒸气透过率、油脂透过率和溶水性的影响。结果显示:添加甘油后,明胶-普鲁兰多糖复合可食性材料的断裂延伸率显著提高,提高了31倍;氧气透过率降低,最低达到0.15mL/(m2 d);溶水时间降低,最低达到15s;抗拉强度降低,水蒸气透过率上升。     

结冷胶-沙蒿胶-蓝莓花青素可食性膜的制备及其性能分析

利用蓝莓花青素对pH值的指示作用制备智能包装膜,以期解决食品保鲜过程中新鲜度的检测难题。以结冷胶、沙蒿胶和蓝莓花青素为主要原料,采用流延法制备智能指示膜,研究膜的色差、机械性能、水溶性、水蒸气透过率以及微观结构等分析其性能。结果表明,红外扫描和电镜分析表明沙蒿胶与结冷胶及蓝莓花青素之间具有良好的相容性;沙蒿胶能够提高结冷胶/沙蒿胶-蓝莓花青素膜的厚度、膜的断裂延伸率、水蒸气透过率,降低膜的抗拉伸强度和水溶性;结冷胶/沙蒿胶复配比8∶2(质量比)时,花青素膜的断裂延伸率最大为47.36%,水蒸气透过率为7.643×10^-6 g·m/(d·Pa·m²),抗拉强度22.08 MPa,复配比4∶6(质量比)的膜厚度达到0.079 mm;复合膜对pH值的指示作用显著,可作为pH指示膜。本研究为新型食品保鲜智能指示膜的应用提供理论基础。     

Effects of plasticizers on the properties of edible films from skin gelatin of bigeye snapper and brownstripe red snapper

The effects of type and concentration of plasticizers on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, TS and elongation at break, EAB), water vapor permeability, light transmission, transparency and color of fish skin gelatin edible films from bigeye snapper (Priacanthus marcracanthus) and brownstripe red snapper (Lutjanus vitta) were investigated. At the same plasticizer concentration, fish skin gelatin films from both species plasticized with glycerol (Gly) showed the greatest EAB (P<0.05), whereas ethylene glycol (EG) plasticized films showed the highest TS (P<0.05). Films prepared from brownstripe red snapper skin gelatin exhibited slightly greater TS than those of bigeye snapper skin gelatin (P<0.05) when Gly and sorbitol (Sor) were used. EG, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) affected the mechanical properties of both films differently. Films generally became more transparent and EAB, water vapor permeability (WVP), as well as light transmission of films increased, but TS and yellowness decreased with increasing plasticizer concentrations.     

桔子精油优化鱼鳞明胶膜性能的作用研究

为改善鱼鳞明胶膜的性能,测定添加明胶质量的0%、25%、50%、75%、100%桔子精油的可食膜的厚度、机械性能、水溶性、水蒸汽透过率、色泽、透明度和透光率、热性能、红外光谱和抑菌活性。结果表明:随着精油浓度的增加,鱼鳞明胶膜的厚度、断裂伸长率增加,拉伸强度、透光率、水溶性降低,水蒸汽透过率呈现先增加后降低的趋势;差示扫描量热法(DSC)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果表明,鱼鳞明胶分子与桔子精油的部分成分发生相互作用,在一定程度上改善了明胶膜的热稳定性;桔子精油的添加还赋予了鱼鳞明胶膜抑菌作用。综合评价得出75%质量浓度的桔子精油添加量对鱼鳞明胶膜各项性能优化效果最好,本实验结果可为生产高性能的鱼鳞明胶膜提供理论基础。     

普鲁兰、甘油共混对结冷胶食用膜性能的影响

研究了普鲁兰、甘油共混对结冷胶食用性膜的机械性能、水蒸汽透过率、阻氧性和吸水率的影响。结果表明,普鲁兰的添加,提高了结冷胶食用膜的延展性、水蒸汽透过率和阻氧性,但降低了结冷胶食用膜的抗拉强度和吸水率;甘油增加了膜的延展性和水蒸汽透过率,但降低了膜的阻氧性。     

Effect of surimi quality on properties of edible films based on Alaska pollack

Transparent and flexible edible/biodegradable films were successfully made from frozen Alaska pollack surimi. The effects of surimi quality on film formation, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapour permeability (WVP), light transmission, transparency, film solubility, protein solubility, and enzyme hydrolysis of surimi films were investigated. Thawed Alaska pollack surimi was incubated at 30 °C for 20 min (slight protein denaturation) and at 30 °C for 5 h (complete protein denaturation) in order to intentionally lower the surimi quality. Slight protein denaturation caused decreased EAB of the films and the complete denaturation gave rise to reduction of TS and EAB. The remaining of film properties were not markedly influenced by the loss of surimi quality. Hydrogen bonds, together with ionic bonds, played an important role in the formation of surimi films, but hydrophobic interactions were more involved when surimi with complete protein denaturation was used for the film preparation.     

香豆素对鱼鳞明胶可食性膜结构及性能的影响

为开发天然的可食性包装材料,以罗非鱼鱼鳞明胶为原料制备可食性膜,将不同添加量（0、0.03、0.06、0.09、0.12、0.15?g/100?mL）香豆素添加到鱼鳞明胶膜中,研究其对鱼鳞明胶膜物理性质及微观结构的影响。结果表明,香豆素的加入对明胶膜的厚度和含水量无显著影响,但明显降低明胶膜的水蒸气透过率（water vapor permeability,WVP）,且香豆素添加量为0.09?g/100?mL时WVP最小。随着香豆素添加量的增加,明胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在添加量为0.09?g/100?mL时达到最大值。差示扫描量热分析结果表明香豆素与明胶膜有较好的相容性,且明显提高明胶膜的玻璃化转变温度。扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱结果表明香豆素与明胶发生交联作用,在香豆素添加量0～0.09?g/100?mL范围内,随着添加量的增加,二者作用增强,明胶膜表面更均一紧致;继续增加香豆素添加量,复合明胶膜性能和结构发生劣变。添加香豆素能有效降低明胶膜的紫外和可见光透光度。结果表明：0.09?g/100?mL添加量的香豆素更有利于开发阻湿性能好、机械性能高和表面均一的包装材料,具有良好应用前景。     

Development and characterization of cassava starch and soy protein concentrate based edible films

The sensory attributes, mechanical, water vapour permeability (WVP) and solubility properties of cassava starch and soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based edible films of varying levels of glycerol were studied. Addition of SPC and glycerol up to 30% and 20%, respectively, reduced stickiness and improved colour and appearance of the films. Tensile strength (TS), elastic modulus (EM) and elongation at break (EAB) of films increased, while film solubility (FS) and WVP decreased with SPC and glycerol up to 50% and 20% level, respectively, ranging from 20.33 to 26.94 MPa (TS), 41.33 to 72.76 MPa (EM), 7.90 to 12.28 MPa (EAB), 15.07 to 31.90% (FS) and 2.62 to 4.13 g H₂O mm m^?2 day kPa (WVP). The TS, EAB and WVP were higher for the biofilms than for low‐density polyethylene and cellophane films.     

大豆分离蛋白成膜工艺优化

本文以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)为成膜基质,研究了单宁、可溶性淀粉、微波、超声及干热处理对SPI膜性能的影响,并优化了SPI成膜工艺,结果表明:单宁与可溶性淀粉可极显著(P<0.01)降低膜的透光率、水溶性、氧气及水蒸气透过性,可溶性淀粉可极显著(P<0.01)提高膜的抗拉伸强度;微波与超声处理可极显著(P<0.01)降低...     

Characterization of gelatin films prepared from under-utilized blue shark (Prionace glauca) skin

Gelatin film from blue shark (Prionace glauca) skin was investigated in order to utilize what is one of the most serious marine wastes in Japan. Film properties from shark skin such as tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) were evaluated. The TS of gelatin film from shark skin was affected by the protein concentration (1, 2 and 3%) of the film-forming solution (FFS). TS of the film from a 2% protein FFS was the highest. EAB and water vapor permeability (WVP) increased with increasing FFS protein concentration. WVP of shark skin gelatin was evidently low as compared to gelatin films from other fish. An increase in the FFS protein concentration decreased transparency at almost all wavelengths. Furthermore, opacity at 280 nm was characteristically high as compared to films from bony fish skin. The addition of glycerol improved flexibility and enhanced the UV barrier property at 280 nm. However, transparency at the visible range and WVP increased with increasing glycerol content.From the above, it was suggested that shark skin gelatin film technology can be applied to pharmaceutical products or rich-fat food due to its excellent water and UV barrier properties.     

甘油添加量对兔皮明胶膜性能与结构的影响

以兔皮明胶为原料制备明胶膜,通过测定不同甘油添加量明胶膜的机械性能、水蒸气透过率、亚基组成及结构,明确了甘油添加量对明胶膜性能与结构的影响。结果表明甘油添加量对明胶膜厚度无显著性影响,而水蒸气透过率随甘油添加量的增加呈现上升趋势。力学性能结果表明当甘油添加量达22%（以明胶质量计,m/m）时,明胶膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均显著增加（P＜0.05）。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析显示甘油并没有导致明胶分子的降解和聚集,膜内结构较稳定,并且当甘油添加量为30%时,膜的谱带强度增加,明胶膜有较高的抗拉强度。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明随甘油添加量增加,酰胺A带吸收峰逐渐向低波数移动（3 446.9～3 398.9 cm－1）,说明甘油分子进入到膜基质,与明胶分子侧链的N-H基团相互反应形成氢键;酰胺Ⅰ带曲线拟合结果表明随甘油添加量的增加,膜内无规卷曲含量逐渐减少,而三螺旋结构含量逐渐增加,说明甘油的添加可促进明胶膜形成更有序的空间结构,进而提升明胶膜的成膜性能和力学性能。