Is a nursing shortage on the way?

682 patients underwent treatment for varicose veins of lower extremities (VVLE). 641 patients with thrombophlebitis of VVLE were operated: in 62.9% of patients urgent operation and in 37.1% delayed operation after conservative treatment were made. Operation procedure comprised removal of all thrombotic varicose veins and ligation of communicant veins. The treatment of acute thrombophlebitis affecting anatomically intact veins in 41 patients was conservative. Comparative evaluation of the results of treatment evidences, that active surgical policy is justified as it leads to a decrease of complication rate, shortening of hospital stay duration 2 times and reduction of disability period. Conservative treatment of acute thrombophlebitis in intact veins is advisable.     

Scrap metal: The problem of its shortage and efficient use

The most important element of manufacturing processes that employ new metallurgical technologies is improving the quality of the scrap metal used in the given process. Introducing modern scrap-processing equipment is especially important in this regard. At the same time, it is also necessary to use the latest technological advances in order to reduce the oxidation loss of iron during refining in arc steelmaking furnaces.     

Health and nursing legislation in Austria: nursing science and nursing research are legislated

In November 1996 a yellow fever (YF) outbreak occurred near Kaffrine in the central part of Senegal. Thirty-six deaths were notified, all children under 15 years of age. The YF diagnosis was confirmed by MAC-ELISA or by virus isolation. The immune status against YF virus of a sample population of 449 individuals was determined, and 31 confirmed cases and 69 asymptomatic cases were reported. Distribution of YF cases and incidence rate decreased with age, while the attack rate was stable in all age groups. Larva indices were high and Aedes aegypti was common in all villages, causing man-to-man transmission. The greatest risk of YF disease was lack of immunity, especially in individuals <20 years of age. The outbreak was rapidly controlled by an emergency immunization campaign. YF epidemics occurred in Senegal over two consecutive years. The last outbreak reached the main road to Dakar and the risk of spread to urban areas has increased.     

Phenomenology and nursing: reflections

The project is about phenomenology and its elements. It points out the essential ideas of existential phenomenology interpreted by Maurice Merleau-Ponty's ideas and tries to connect this philosophy to nursing world.     

Psychology's contribution to relieving the donor organ shortage: Barriers from within.

Contends that attitudinal barriers within the field of psychology have contributed to the paucity of research and applied contributions pointed out by K. A. Perkins (see record 1988-05458-001). Barriers include a bias toward prevention, "blaming the victim," and society's scrutiny of organ transplantation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The shortage of cadaver donor organs for transplantation: Can psychology help?

Breakthroughs in medical technology have made organ transplantation a more successful and acceptable procedure for the treatment of an ever-increasing number of severe diseases. Hindering the delivery of this procedure to at least half of the patients in need is a severe shortage of cadaver donor organs. Factors related to this shortage are discussed, with an emphasis on the small proportion of the population who have signed organ donor cards and the relative ineffectiveness of requests by medical personnel to families for donation of deceased relatives' organs. A lack of research on this critically important problem is noted. Directions for future study are suggested, including the application of knowledge and techniques from psychology and health promotion to efforts aimed at increasing public awareness and donor card signing and at improving the effectiveness of donation requests made by medical personnel. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A good alternative to reduce the kidney shortage: kidneys from nonheartbeating donors

BACKGROUND: Because of the shortage of kidneys available for transplantation, we began in 1985 to harvest kidneys from non-heartbeating (NHB) donors. METHODS: We compared the results of a group of 66 kidney recipients from NHB donors (NHB group) with 122 kidney recipients from heartbeating donors (HB group). We analyzed, in the NHB group, the influence of ischemia times in graft survival and we tested the best cut-offs by receiver operating characteristic curves. We also studied, using a univariate and multivariate Cox hazard model, the capacity of different variables to predict graft loss. RESULTS: Patient and graft survival were similar in both groups during the follow-up. The percentage of delayed graft function was the only significant difference between both groups (NHB group 62% vs. HB group 32%; P=0.0001). Delayed graft function, in the NHB group, is influenced by the warm ischemia time, which is directly related to the number of days to achieve a serum creatinine<300 mmol/L (P=0.0001). The best cut-off times in this group were 45 min for warm ischemia time and 22 hr for cold ischemia time. Recipients have a greater likelihood of losing the graft beyond those limits (P=0.017, relative risk: 7.3). The incidence of acute rejection was similar in both groups, and it was the only predictor factor of graft loss in the complete series of patients (P=0.0001), in the NHB group (P=0.007), and in the HB group (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the incidence of acute rejection and shortening ischemia time are conditions needed to guarantee a long graft survival of kidneys from NHB donors.     

Advanced nursing roles: their worth in nursing

The suitability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lumbosacral dural sac as an internal signal-intensity reference was studied on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine using a surface coil and motion artefact suppression technique. A signal-intensity reference is needed when signal is compared between images, studies or subjects. Homogeneity of the CSF was estimated visually on T2-weighted images of 60 subjects at 1.5 T and of another 60 subjects at 0.1 T. Spines with a severely narrowed dural sac or marked scoliosis were excluded from the study to avoid partial volume effect. CSF was homogeneous in 82% and 73% of the examinations at 1.5 T and 0.1 T, respectively. The type and location of the local inhomogeneities did not relate to local narrowings of the dural sac. The signal intensity of CSF was measured in 108 examinations at 0.1 T after correcting the spatially-dependent signal-intensity non-uniformities with a phantom-based method. The signal-intensity difference between the CSF in the upper and lower lumbar dural sac was less than 10% in 73% of the examinations. The CSF in the lumbosacral dural sac can be a useful signal-intensity reference for estimation of the signal of the adjacent structures in patients without severe narrowing of the dural sac or marked scoliosis. It may contribute to assessing spinal disease processes.     

铜资源的短缺与再生利用建议

中国既是铜资源较贫乏国又是最大铜消费国,其铜资源的有限性和紧迫性势必影响国民经济的健康发展,因此必须充分利用国内外一、二次铜资源．在可持续发展和循环经济理念的指导下,大力发展废铜再生产业,由最大铜消费国转变为最大铜资源再生国．