Polyol-mediated synthesis and photoluminescent properties of Ce3+ and/or Tb3+-doped LaPO4 nanoparticles

Rare-earth ion (Ce3+, Tb3+) doped LaPO4 nanoparticles were prepared by the polyol method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and lifetimes. The results of XRD indicate that the as-prepared nanoparticles are well-crystallized at 160 degrees C and assigned to the monoclinic monazite structure of the LaPO4 phase. The obtained LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles are spherical with narrow size distribution and average size of 20 nm. The doped rare-earth ions show their characteristic emission in LaPO4 nanoparticles, i.e., Ce3+ 5d-4f and Tb3+ 5D4-7FJ (J = 6-3) transitions, respectively. The optimum doping concentration for Tb3+ in La(0.8-x)Ce0.2TbxPO4 nanoparticles is determined to be 15 mol% (x = 0.15). The luminescence decay curves of Ce3+ in LaPO4:Ce3+ and LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles present a single-exponential behavior, and the lifetimes (tau) of Ce3+ decrease with increasing Tb3+ concentrations (at the constant Ce3+ concentration) in LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles due to the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+. The energy-transfer efficiency from Ce3+ to Tb3+ was calculated, which depends on the doping concentrations of Tb3+ if the concentration of Ce3+ is fixed.     

(La,Ce,Tb)(PO_4,BO_3)绿粉的合成及发光研究

首次用磷酸硼和稀土氧化物为主要原料制备铈、铽共激活的硼磷酸盐绿色荧光粉 ,并对Ce3+-Tb3+的能量传递进行了研究 ,发现在该基质中Ce3+、Tb3+间的能量传递为电多极子相互作用的共振传递 ,能量传递效率可高达 90 %。还研究了助熔剂对荧光粉粒度和发光特性的影响 ,实验结果表明 ,加了助熔剂后所得样品的颗粒明显变大 ,在 2 54nm紫外激发下Tb3+发射大大增强 ,光的纯度也得到改善。对不同基质荧光粉的研究发现 ,用硼磷酸盐绿粉比用硼酸盐和磷酸盐绿粉更适合做三基色粉配料。     

Nanostructured CaWO4, CaWO4:Eu3+ and CaWO4:Tb3+ particles: sonochemical synthesis and luminescent properties

Nanostructured CaWO4, CaWO4:Eu3+, and CaWO4:Tb3+ phosphor particles were synthesized via a facile sonochemical route. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, low voltage cathodoluminescence spectra, and photoluminescence lifetimes were used to characterize the as-obtained samples. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that the samples are well crystallized with the scheelite structure of CaWO4. The transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images illustrate that the powders consist of spherical particles with sizes from 120 to 160 nm, which are the aggregates of even smaller nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Under UV light or electron beam excitation, the CaWO4 powder exhibited a blue emission band with a maximum at 430 nm originating from the WO4/2- groups, while the CaWO4:Eu3+ powder showed red emission dominated by 613 nm ascribed to the 5D0 --> 7F2 of Eu3+, and the CaWO4:Tb3+ powders showed emission at 544 nm, ascribed to the 5D4 --> 7F5 transition of Tb3+. The PL excitation and emission spectra suggest that the energy is transferred from WO4/2- to Eu3+ CaWO4:Eu3+ and to Tb3+ in CaWO4:Tb3+. Moreover, the energy transfer from WO4/2- to Tb3+ in CaWO4:Tb3+ is more efficient than that from WO4/2- to EU3+ in CaWO4:Eu3+. This novel and efficient pathway could open new opportunities for further investigating the novel properties of tungstate materials.     

Sensitized upconversion emissions of Tb3+ by Tm3+ in YF3 and NaYF4 nanocrystals

Yb3+-Tm3+-Tb3+-codoped YF3 and NaYF4 nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm excitation, violet and ultraviolet upconversion (UC) emissions of 5D3 --> 7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4) and 5D4 --> 7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3) of Tb3+ ions were observed with the fluoride NCs. In the Yb-Tm-Tb codoped NCs, energy transfer (ET) processes from Tm3+ to Tb3+ were proposed to be the main mechanisms for the UC emissions of Tb3+ ions. They are more efficient than the phonon assisted cooperative sensitization of the Yb3+ couple proposed previously for similar material system. The analysis of power dependence indicated that populating the 5D4 level of the Tb3+ ions was a four photon UC process, which demonstrated the existence of the two step ET process of Yb3+ --> Tm3+ --> Tb3+. It was also found that UC luminescence properties of Tb3+ ions were sensitive to crystal structures.     

Single-composition trichromatic white-emitting Ca4Y6(SiO4)6O: Ce3+/Mn2+/Tb3+ phosphor: luminescence and energy transfer

A series of Ca(4)Y(6)(SiO(4))(6)O (CYS): Ce(3+)/Mn(2+)/Tb(3+) oxyapatite phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Under UV excitation, there exist dual energy transfers (ET), i.e., Ce(3+)→Mn(2+) and Ce(3+)→Tb(3+) in the CYS: Ce(3+), Mn(2+), Tb(3+) system and their emitting colors can be adjusted from blue to orange-red via ET of Ce(3+)→Mn(2+) and from blue to green via ET of Ce(3+)→Tb(3+), respectively. Moreover, a wide-range-tunable white light emission with high quantum yields (13%-30%) were obtained by precisely controlling the contents of Ce(3+), Mn(2+) and Tb(3+) ions. On the other hand, the CL properties of CYS: Ce(3+), Mn(2+), Tb(3+) phosphors have been investigated in detail. The studied results indicate that the as-prepared CYS: Ce(3+), Mn(2+), Tb(3+) phosphors have good CL intensity and CIE color coordinate stability with a color-tunable emission crossing the whole white light region under low-voltage electron beam excitation. In general, the white light with varied hues has been obtained in Ce(3+), Mn(2+), and Tb(3+)-triactivated CYS phosphors by utilizing the principle of energy transfer and properly designed activator contents under UV (284, 358 nm) and low-voltage (1-5 kV) electron beam excitation, which make them as a potential single-composition trichromatic white-emitting phosphor.     

Study on luminescence behavior of BaAl12O19:Tb, Eu

BaAl12O19:Tb, Eu phosphors were prepared by sol-gel technique. The luminescence properties and the energy transfer between Eu2+ and Tb3+ were investigated. For BaAll2O19:Tb phosphor, the strongest excitation peak and emission peak produced from Tb3+ transition of 5D4-7F5 were at 240 nm and at 550 nm respectively, while the peak shape was narrow and peak intensity was large. The Eu2+ added in the BaAl12O19:Tb induced energy transfer to Tb3+ and different color luminescence from blue (400 nm) to green (570 nm) was obtained by changing the ratio of Tb3+/Eu2+ with excitation at 240 nm.     

Investigations of Ce3+ co-doped SbPO4:Tb3+ nano-ribbons and nanoparticles by vibrational and photoluminescence spectroscopy

Nano-ribbons and very small nanoparticles (size 2-5 nm) of SbPO4 doped with lanthanide ions (Ce3+ and Tb3+) are prepared at a relatively low temperature of 120 degrees C based on a solution method. Detailed vibrational and luminescence studies on these samples establish that these lanthanide ions are incorporated at Sb3+ site of the SbPO4 lattice. The excitation spectrum corresponding to the Tb3+ emission and the excited state lifetime of the 5D4 level of Tb3+ ions in the sample confirm the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions in the SbPO4 host. The extent of energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in these samples is found to be around 60%. Dispersion of these nanomaterials in silica matrix effectively shields the lanthanide ions at the surface of the nano-ribbons/nanoparticles from the stabilizing ligands resulting in the reduction in the vibronic quenching of the excited state. Our results show significant reduction in the surface contribution in the decay curve corresponding to the 5D4 level of the Tb3+ ions after incorporating the nano-ribbons/nanoparticles in silica. These nanomaterials incorporated in silica matrix can have potential applications in bio-assays and bio-imaging.     

Ba5Zn4Y8O21:Ho^3+,Yb^3+上转换发光粉的制备与发光性能研究

为实现以Ba5Zn4Y8O21为基质的上转换三基色发光,采用固相合成法于1200℃下制备了Ba5Zn4Y8O21:Ho^3+,Yb^3+发光粉,并对其绿光发射特性进行了研究。980 nm激发下的上转换发射光谱测试结果证实,最佳掺杂浓度下的Ba5Zn4Y8O21:14%Yb^3+,0.15%Ho^3+主要呈现5S2/5F4→5I8跃迁所致的548、553 nm绿光发射,而5F5→5I8和5S2/5F4→5I7跃迁产生的664、758nm红光和近红外光发射非常微弱。而且,绿光强度随激发功率呈线性变化,在20.7 mW/cm^2功率密度范围内,绿红光分支比最高达13.16,呈现优异的色纯度。上转换发光热稳定性测试结果表明,样品的发光效率随样品温度的升高略有下降,50℃时发光强度降低仅9.75%。上述结果证实,Ba5Zn4Y8O21:Ho^3+,Yb^3+是一种优质的绿光上转换发光材料。     

Luminescent properties of rare earth ions in one-dimensional oxide nanowires

Rare-earth doped one-dimensional oxide nanowires including LaPO4, La2O3, and Gd2O3 were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Their luminescent properties including local environments, electronic transitions, energy transfer, and frequency up-conversion luminescence processes were systematically studied. In LaPO4:Eu and La2O3:Eu nanowires, different symmetry sites of Eu3+ ions were identified, which obviously differed from those of the corresponding micrometer-sized particles. This was attributed to crystal field degeneration in the fringe along the length axis. In LaPO4:Eu nanowires, the electronic transition rate of 5D1-sigmaJ7FJ increased approximately 2 times over that of the zero-dimensional nanoparticles and micrometer-sized particles, which was related to the variation of dipole field induced by shape anisotropy. Considering the nonradiative relaxations, meanwhile, the luminescent quantum efficiency for 5D1-sigmaJ7FJ transitions of Eu3+ in nanowires increased 100% over that in nanoparticles and 20% over that in micrometer particles. In Gd2O3:Eu3+, LaPO4:Ce3+, and LaPO4:Tb3+ nanowires and micrometer-sized particles, the electronic transition rate of rare earths had only a little variation. In LaPO4:Ce3+/Tb3+ nanowires, the energy transfer rate of Ce3+--> Tb3+ decreased 3 times compared to that in micrometer rods. Despite this, the brightness for the 5D4-7F5 green emissions of Tb3+ increased several times due to decreased energy transfer from the excited states higher than 5D4 to some defect levels. In Gd2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ nanocrystals, as the shape varied from nanopapers to nanowires, the relative intensity of up-conversion luminescence of 2H(11/2)/4S(3/2)-4I(15/2) and 4F(9/2)-4I(15/2) to the infrared down-conversion luminescence of 4I(13/2)-4I(15/2) increased remarkably, indicating efficient up-conversion luminescence. Our present results indicate that rare-earth-doped oxide nanowires is a type of new and efficient phosphors.     

Upconversion luminescence enhancement in Yb3+/Tm3+-codoped Lu2O3 nanocrystals induced by doping with Li+ ions

Lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) nanocrystals doped with 2%Yb3+, 0.5%Tm3+, and various doping concentrations of Li+ (0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 mol%) were prepared by the sol-gel method. The dependence on different doping concentrations of Li+ ions of the structure, morphology, and the upconversion emission intensity of the Lu2O3:2%Yb3+, 0.5%Tm3+ nanocrystals was investigated. The obtained Lu2O3 nanocrystals were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Raman spectra, and upconversion spectra measurements. It was found that all the nanocrystals can be readily indexed to pure cubic phase of Lu2O3, indicating good crystallinity. The experimental results show that Li+ doping in Lu2O3:2%Yb3+, 0.5%Tm3+ nanocrystals can greatly enhance the upconversion emission intensity. The strong blue (490 nm) and the weak red (653 nm) emissions from the prepared nanocrystals were observed under 980 nm laser excitation, and attributed to the 1G4 --> 3H6 and 1G4 --> 3F4 transitions of Tm3+ ions, respectively. An simple analysis based on steady-state rate equations and a power-dependent study both indicate that the 1G4 levels can be populated by three-step energy transfer (ET) processes. The enhancement of the upconversion luminescence was suggested to be the consequence of the modification of the local field symmetry around the Tm3+ ion, reduced number of OH- groups, and the enlarged nanocrystal size induced by the Li+ ions.     

Nanostructured CaWO4, CaWO4 : Pb2+ and CaWO4 : Tb3+ particles: polyol-mediated synthesis and luminescent properties

Nano-submicrostructured CaWO4, CaWO4 : Pb2+ and CaWO4 : Tb3+ particles were prepared by polyol method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), photoluminescence (PL), cathodo-luminescence (CL) spectra and PL lifetimes. The results of XRD indicate that the as-prepared samples are well crystallized with the scheelite structure of CaWO4. The FE-SEM images illustrate that CaWO4 and CaWO4 : Pb2+ and CaWO4 : Tb3+ powders are composed of spherical particles with sizes around 260, 290, and 190 nm respectively, which are the aggregates of smaller nanoparticles around 10-20 nm. Under the UV light or electron beam excitation, the CaWO4 powders exhibits a blue emission band with a maximum at about 440 nm. When the CaWO4 particles are doped with Pb2+, the intensity of luminescence is enhanced to some extent and the luminescence band maximum is red shifted to 460 nm. Tb(3+)-doped CaWO4 particles show the characteristic emission of Tb3+ 5D4-7FJ (J = 6 - 3) transitions due to an energy transfer from WO4(2-) groups to Tb3+.     

Optical properties and luminescence dynamics of Eu3+-doped terbium orthophosphate nanophosphors

The development of luminescent inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) doped with rare-earth (RE) ions has attracted increasing interest owing to their distinct optical properties and versatile applications in time-resolved bioassays, multiplex biodetection, DNA hybridization and bioimaging. Hexagonal TbPO4:Eu3+ NCs (10-30 nm) were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method assisted with oleic acid (OA) surfactants, which exhibit tunable emissions from green to red by varying the concentration of Eu3+. The Tb3+-to-Eu3+ energy transfer efficiency observed reaches up to 94%. Different from their bulk counterparts, a new interface-state band (316 nm) in addition to the commonly observed spin-forbidden 4f-5d transition band (265 nm) of Tb3+ was found to be dominant in the excitation spectrum of NCs due presumably to the formation of surface TbPO4/OA complexes, which provides an additional excitation antenna in practical utilization. Two kinds of luminescence sites of Eu3+ in TbPO4 NCs, with the site symmetry of C2 or C1, were identified based on the emission spectra at 10 K and room temperature. Furthermore, the photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of Tb3+ ions in pure TbPO4 NCs have been revealed. Compared to the exponential PL decay in bulk counterparts induced by very fast energy migration, the non-exponential decay from 5D4 of Tb3+ in TbPO4 NCs is mainly attributed to the diffusion-limited energy migration due to more rapid energy transfer from Tb3+ to defects than the energy migration among Tb3+.     

Characterization and luminescence of Eu3+ ions doped 12CaO 7Al2O3 nanopowders

Eu3+ ions doped 12CaO 7Al2O3 (C12A7) powders with different Eu3+ concentrations were prepared by sol-gel combined with solid state reaction method. The results of XRD and Raman spectra showed that single cubic phase polycrystalline C12A7:Eu3+ powders were prepared. The absorption peaks attributed to f-f transition of Eu3+ ion can be observed, indicating that Eu3+ had been incorporated into C12A7 lattice site. Visible PL peaks around 578, 588, 614 nm were ascribed to 5D0 --> 7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2) transitions of Eu3+ under the excitation of 488 nm line. The PL of C12A7:Eu3+ showed the strongest emission intensity at Eu3+ concentration of 0.5 at%. Two different types of Eu3+ centers were identified by the two lines from 5D0 --> 7F0 transition emission. The doping mechanism of C12A7:Eu3+ might be attributed to Eu3+ ions substitution for two types of Ca2+ lattice sites in C12A7. The temperature dependent PL spectra of Eu-doped C12A7 were measured in the range from 100 to 300 K under the excitation of 488 nm laser line. The PL intensities as a function of temperature were well fitted by using a unified theoretical model, considering thermal activation and nonradiative energy transfer processes.     

Broadband downconversion in Bi3+, Yb3+-Co-doped YVO4 phosphor

Yttrium vanadate phosphors co-doped with Bi3+ and Yb3+ ions have been prepared via the solid-state reaction. The phosphors were characterized by various methods including X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectra. Upon ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, an intense near-infrared (NIR) emission of Yb3+ corresponding to the transition of 2F(5/2) --> 2F(7/2) peaking at 985 nm was observed as a result of energy transfer from O2(-)-V5+ or Bi3+-V5+ charge transfer state (CTS) to Yb3+. A broad excitation band ranging from 250 to 375 nm was recorded when the Yb3+ emission was monitored, which suggests an efficient energy transfer from CTS to Yb3+ ions. The dependence of Yb3+ doping concentration on the visible emission, the NIR emission and decay lifetime has been investigated. The results of visible and NIR spectral evolution with temperature indicate that the mechanism for the NIR-emission is mainly phonon-assisted energy transfer at room temperature, while the mechanism is mainly cooperative energy transfer at low temperature. The YVO4:Bi3+, Yb3+ phosphor has prospects for realizing high efficiency crystalline Si solar cells by converting broadband UV energy into NIR light.     

Up-conversion fluorescence of Tm3+ and Gd3+ in Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped Gd2O3 nanocrystals

Through a co-precipitation method Gd(OH)3:20%Yb3+, 1%Tm3+ nanorods were synthesized. After sintered at 900 degrees C for 1 h in air, the as-prepared Gd(OH)3:20%Yb3+, 1%Tm3+ nanorods were converted into Gd2O3:20%Yb3+, 1% Tm3+ nanocrystals. Crystalline phases, sizes, and morphologies of the two samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The up-conversion (UC) fluorescence spectra of the Gd2O3:20%Yb3+, 1%Tm3+ nanocrystals were recorded by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer with a 980 nm continuous wave laser diode as excitation source. The nanocrystals not only present characteristic blue and ultraviolet (UV) UC emissions of activated Tm3+, but also show UV UC emissions of host Gd3+. The experimental study suggests that the excitation power has great effects on UC fluorescence properties and the energy transfer from Tm3+ to Gd3+ is very efficient.     

新型黄绿色发光材料Sr2MgSi3O9:Ce3+,Tb3+的合成及光谱分析

采用凝胶-燃烧法在活性炭弱还原气氛下成功合成了新型荧光粉Sr2MgSi3O9 :Tb3+、Sr2MgSi3O9:Ce3+,Tb3+,用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分光光度计等对合成产物进行了分析和表征.结果表明,所合成的发光材料与Sr2MgSi2O7具有相似的晶体结构,同属四方晶系.样品一次颗粒近似球形,粒径在100nm左右.Sr2MgSi3O9:Tb3+的激发光谱为一位于249nm的宽带,发射光谱主要由473、491、547、585nm等一系列发射峰组成,其中473nm(5D3→<7F3)为主发射峰,547nm(5D4→7F5)为次发射峰;样品Sr1.955MgSi3O9:Tb3+0.04,Ce3+0.005的激发光谱由峰值分别位于249和335nm的双激发带组成,其中后者为主激发带.在335nm激发下,其发射光谱由两部分组成,其中400nm附近的带状发射对应于Ce3+的发射,而491、547、588nm处的发射峰归属为Tb3+的5+D4→7FJ(J=6,5,4)跃迁发射,最强峰位于547nm,对应Tb3+的5D4→7F5跃迁.此外,探讨了Ce3+掺杂量对样品发光亮度的影响,发现Ce3+可以把能量传递给Tb3+,对Tb3+起到敏化作用.     

Effect of structure, particle size and relative concentration of Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) ions on the luminescence properties of Eu(3+) co-doped Y(2)O(3):Tb nanoparticles

Eu(3+) co-doped Y(2)O(3):Tb nanoparticles were prepared by the combustion method and characterized for their structural and luminescence properties as a function of annealing temperatures and relative concentration of Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) ions. For Y(2)O(3):Eu,Tb nanoparticles annealed at 600 and 1200?°C, variation in the relative intensity of excitation transitions between the (7)F(6) ground state and low spin and high spin 4f(7)5d(1) excited states of Tb(3+) is explained due to the combined effect of distortion around Y(3+)/Tb(3+) in YO(6)/TbO(6) polyhedra and the size of the nanoparticles. Increase in relative intensity of the 285?nm peak (spin-allowed transition denoted as peak B) with respect to the 310?nm peak (spin-forbidden transition denoted as peak A) with decrease of Tb(3+) concentration in the Y(2)O(3):Eu,Tb nanoparticles heated at 1200?°C is explained based on two competing effects, namely energy transfer from Tb(3+) to Eu(3+) ions and quenching among the Tb(3+) ions. Back energy transfer from Tb(3+) to Eu(3+) in these nanoparticles is found to be very poor.     

The sol-gel process synthesis of GdAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+ nanophosphors

GdAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+ red phosphors were prepared using citric acid as complex agent by sol-gel technique. The preparation conditions of the precursor synthesis, including crystallization temperature and crystallization time were investigated. Their structure and luminescence properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that GdAl3(BO3)4:Eu3+ phosphor crystallized at 960 degrees C for 2 h have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The phosphor is distributed into hexagonal system and the lattice parameters are a = 9.2992 nm c = 7.2577 nm. The excitation spectrum of Gd(0.95)Al3(BO3)4:Eu(0.05)3+ samples is complex and the frequency scale is wide. It consists of a number of main excitation transitions namely 8S(7/2) --> 6IJ (270 nm) of Gd3+, and the others 7F0 --> 5L6 (400 nm), 7F0 --> 5D2 (472 nm) and 7F0 --> 5D1 (542 nm) of Eu3+. The main emission peaks are 614 nm and 619 nm, which are the characteristic emission peaks of Eu3+. These emission peaks correspond to the transition from 5D0 to 7F2 of Eu3+. The shape and the wavelength range of the emission spectrum are similar when the sample was excited by different excitation spectrum. Only the relative intensity of the emission peaks is different from each other.     

The effects of Mn2+ doping on the luminescence properties of 12CaO 7Al2O:Eu2+ nanocrystal phosphor

The long lasting blue phosphorescence (LLP) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) after ultraviolet light irradiation at room temperature in 12CaO 7Al2O3:xEu2+, yMn2+ (x = 0, 0.001; y = 0, 0.01) prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method were observed. It was shown that novel oxide 12CaO 7Al2O3:Eu2+, Mn2+ (C12A7:Eu2+, Mn2+) with unique nanocage structure can store energy when irradiated with 365 nm photons. And photon energy can be subsequently released by exposed to 980 nm light. The codopant Mn2+ enhances the intensity of the persistent phosphorescence and PSL due to the existence of more shallow and new deeper electron traps in C12A7: Eu2+, Mn2+. A model for energy storing and recovering and the detailed mechanism of PSL are presented through comparing with the luminescence properties of the co-doped C12A7:Eu2+, Mn2+ and C12A7:Eu2+.     

Preparation and upconversion luminescence of Y2SiO5:Yb3+, Ho3+ nanophosphors

X1 type monoclinic Y2SiO5:Yb3+, Ho3+ nanophosphors with fixed (varied) Ho3+ and varied (fixed) Yb3+ concentrations were synthesized by sol-gel method. The nanophosphors presented lacunaris shape with an average size of about 47 nm measured by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Up-conversion emissions have been observed at 550 nm corresponding to (5F4, 5S2)-5I8 transition and 661 nm due to 5F5-5I8 transition of Ho3+ upon 980 nm excitation at room temperature. The results indicate that both green and red luminescences are based on the two-photon process through the energy transfer from Yb3+. However, the intensity of green emission is weaker than that of the red, because the 5I7 level of Ho3+ can be effectively populated. The integrated upconversion emission intensity on the Yb3+ and Ho3+ concentrations were also studied.