Preparation of iminodiacetic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its application as sorbent for separation and preconcentration of heavy metal ions

In this paper, a novel material was prepared with functionalizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and characterized by FT-IR. Isotherm and kinetics of adsorption were studied and the experimental data fitted the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order equation very well. An on-line method for simultaneous determination of trace V (V), Cr (VI), Pb (II), Cd (II), Co (II), Cu (II) and As (III) in biological samples was developed using this material as sorbent coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A series of experimental parameters, including sample pH, sample flow rate and loading time, eluting solution and the effect of interfering ions have been investigated systematically. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the enrichment factors for above metal ions were ranged from 66 to 101. Detection limit (3 s) was achieved at 1.3, 1.2, 0.70, 0.40, 2.5, 3.4, 0.79 ng L(-1), respectively. At the 1.0 μg L(-1) level, the precision (RSD, %) for 11 replicate measurements was from 1.0 to 4.0. In spiked biological samples, good recoveries (n=3) were obtained in the range of 90-110%. These results had proved that the proposed method was with good accuracy and could be applied to the analysis of trace metal ions in biological samples.     

Carbonaceous materials passivation on amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and its application for metal affinity isolation of recombinant protein

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with an amine functionalized surface (MH) were passivated with carbonaceous materials (MH@C) by carbonization of glucose under hydrothermal reaction conditions. The carboxylate groups in carbonaceous shell could be enriched to 0.285 mmol/g when acrylic acid was added as a functional monomer in the carbonization reaction (MH@C-Ac). The carbonaceous shell not only protected the magnetic core from acidic erosion but also showed a high adsorption capacity toward Ni(2+) ion. The Ni(2+) ion complexed on MH@C and MH@C-Ac could specifically isolate 6×His tagged recombinant proteins from crude bacterial extracts via metal affinity interaction. The superparamagnetic property facilitates the easy retrieval of the carbonaceous material passivated MNPs from the viscous proteins solutions. Recombinant green fluorescence protein (GFP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) lyase of 9.4 mg and 2.3 mg could be isolated by 1 g of MH@C-Ac-Ni, respectively.     

Ligand-assisted extraction for separation and preconcentration of gold nanoparticles from waters

A new two-step extraction procedure is proposed for separation and preconcentration of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) from aqueous samples. First, Au-NPs are loaded onto a reversed phase C-18 (RP-C18) column, and then ligand-assisted extraction into chloroform is performed. 1-Dodecanethiol (1-DDT, 5 mM) was used as selective ligand for quantitative extraction under ultrasonic condition. Parameters of the extraction procedure, such as sample volume, organic solvent, concentration and nature of the ligand, ultrasonication time, pH of the sample, and different coating as well as sizes of Au-NPs were investigated in regard to the extraction efficiency of Au-NPs. The optimized procedure allows separation and preconcentration of the Au-NPs with an enrichment factor of up to 250 assuring no changes in size and/or shape of the NPs. This was proved by investigation of the particles by UV-vis spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the presence of potentially interfering other metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was studied. Observed minor recoveries of Au-NPs in DOM model solutions were overcome by hydrogen peroxide pretreatment up to a DOM concentration of about 4 mg/L. Feasibility of the proposed method was proved by application of the optimized procedure to 5 real water samples. Recoveries of Au-NPs in the real waters spiked in a concentration range from 0.15 to 5100 μg/L obtained by this method varied from 68.4% to 99.4%. Consequently, the proposed approach has great potential for the analysis of M-NPs in environmental waters.     

磁分离光触媒的制备及其在污水处理中的应用

纳米TiO2光催化剂是当前最有应用潜力的一种高级氧化水处理技术.然而,使用过程中纳米TiO2悬浮法污水处理过程中的回收再利用技术始终不令人满意.本文探讨了采用磁分离技术解决这一问题的可行性;采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁载二氧化钛光催化剂;设计了一种新型污水处理设备,检验光催化剂回收率及二次使用时其催化活性的变化率;在改进的工艺基础上讨论了各种因素对制备纳米TiO2的影响.     

氟烷基官能化介孔氧化硅纳米颗粒及涂层的制备

以正硅酸乙酯和氟代烷基硅氧烷为硅源,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵为表面活性剂,三乙醇胺为催化剂在弱碱性条件下制备了氟烷基官能化的纳米介孔氧化硅颗粒。并采用动态光散射、FT-IR、SEM、TEM、氮气吸附-脱附以及UV-Vis光谱对产物进行了表征。结果表明:反应在45min后能得到粒径不再变化的30nm左右尺寸均一、高分散、高孔率的氟烷基官能化介孔氧化硅纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒涂层对光学玻璃具有良好的增透性能,是一种性能优良的光学涂层材料。     

氧化硅-磁性Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的制备及应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法通过正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）碱催化水解,在Fe₃O₄纳米粒子表面包裹氧化硅。利用生物倒置显微镜、场发射透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、激光粒度仪、振动样品磁强计对氧化硅/Fe₃O₄复合粒子的外貌、粒径及粒径分布、饱和磁化强度、化学成分进行了表征。结果表明,所制得的复合粒子性能良好,粒径在15 nm左右,饱和磁化强度为109 emu/g。用该磁性纳米复合粒子提取质粒DNA和基因组DNA取得良好的效果,可用于食品中致病菌的分析判定和疾病的基因诊断分析。     

氨基化磁性纳米粒子的制备及其对Pb2+吸附性能研究

采用改进的高温分解法制备单分散Fe3O4纳米粒子,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源在其表面包覆SiO2,以N-氨乙基-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂对复合粒子进行表面氨基化修饰,制备出氨基化磁性复合纳米粒子Fe3O4@SiO2—NH2。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD),振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段对复合粒子进行了表征,并研究其作为吸附剂在不同条件下对Pb2+的吸附性能。表征结果显示,所制备的复合粒子具有核壳结构,粒径均匀大约在50nm,粒子表面拥有丰富的氨基功能基团;复合粒子饱和磁化强度为69.50A.m2/kg,具有超顺磁性。吸附实验表明所制备的氨基化磁性复合纳米粒子对Pb2+具有较大的吸附容量,是一种能够有效处理含铅废水的吸附材料。     

Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media

The results of work on the preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids without using organic stabilizing agents is presented.     

O-羧甲基化壳聚糖修饰磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子及其生物应用

采用共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,用XRD测定粒子成分,用透射电镜和显微镜观测粒子形貌,用震动样品磁场计测定Fe3O4粉末饱和磁化强度,再以O-羧甲基化壳聚糖修饰后,用红外光谱检测粒子成分.粒子性能良好,能很好的应用于生物分离,连接等.     

磁性钴纳米粒子的制备和应用

介绍了制备磁性钴纳米粒子的方法 ,尤其是介绍了近年发展起来的高温液相法 ,即高温液相还原法 ,金属盐醇解法和金属有机化合物热分解法 ;同时就制备颗粒尺寸小、粒度分布均匀的钴纳米粒子所采用的两种表面活性剂从理论上给予了说明。最后简单介绍了磁性金属钴纳米粒子的主要应用。     

磁性纳米Fe3O4的制备与应用进展

总结了磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子的微乳液法、热分解铁有机物法、共沉淀法、凝胶-溶胶法、生物模板合成法等.并讨论了磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子在生物分离、靶向药物、肿瘤磁热疗以及免疫检测等领域的应用.     

Nanofluidic preconcentration and detection of nanoparticles

The fast detection and characterization of nanoparticles, such as viruses or environmental pollutants, are important in fields ranging from biosensing to quality control. However, most existing techniques have practical throughput limitations, which significantly limit their applicability to low analyte concentrations. Here, we present an integrated nanofluidic scheme for preconcentration and subsequent detection of nanoparticle samples within a continuous flow-through system. Using a Brownian ratchet mechanism, we increase the nanoparticle concentration ～27-fold. Single nanoparticles are subsequently detected and characterized by optical heterodyne interferometry. A wide range of potential applications can be foreseen, including real-time analysis of clinically relevant virus samples and contamination control of processing fluids used in the semiconductor industry.     

A TEM study of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles targeting breast cancer cells

In this paper, a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study was carried out to investigate the ability of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to target breast cancer cells in mice. MNPs were functionalized using Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH), whose receptors are expressed in most types of breast cancer cells. LHRH conjugated MNPs (LHRH-MNPs) were injected intravenously into female nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435S.luc tumors for thirty days. These mice were sacrificed 20 h after MNP injection. Tumors and periphery organs including livers, lungs and kidneys were collected for analysis. A dedicated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study was then carried out to investigate the distribution of nanoparticles in cells. We found that dispersive LHRH-MNPs were distributed in tumor cells and cells in lungs and livers. No LHRH-MNPs were observed in kidney cells. Furthermore, LHRH-MNPs tend to aggregate and form clusters in tumor cells and cells in lungs where metastases were developed. These suggest that MNPs functionalized using LHRH can be used to target both primary cancer cells and the metastatic cells. The study also indicates that TEM is a useful tool to study the sub-cellular distribution of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in mice bearing breast cancers.     

铁基纳米粒子的制备及其在生物医学中的应用

综述了铁基纳米粒子以及磁性微球的主要制备原理和方法,并分析了不同方法的优缺点,同时也对磁性微球在医学中的应用作了较为详细的介绍.     

Preparation of paclitaxel-loaded microspheres with magnetic nanoparticles

The objective of this paper was to prepare paclitaxel-loaded microspheres, a kind of target-orientation anticancer drug. The paclitaxel-loaded microspheres were prepared with magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and taxol. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the average size and the size distribution were determined by a laser-size distributing instrument. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the paxlitaxel content. Experimental results indicated that the effective drug loading and the entrapment ratio of paclitaxel-loaded microspheres were 1.83% and 92.62%, respectively.     

Model of controlled drug release from functionalized magnetic nanoparticles by a nonheating alternating-current magnetic field

A magnetohydrodynamic model of controlled drug macromolecule release from transport magnetic nanoparticles covered by a polymer shell under the influence of a low-frequency (<1 kHz) nonheating magnetic field is described.     

Trace analysis of DNA: preconcentration, separation, and electrochemical detection in microchip electrophoresis using Au nanoparticles

We have developed a simple and sensitive on-chip preconcentration, separation, and electrochemical detection (ED) method for trace analysis of DNA. The microchip comprised of three parallel channels: the first two are for the field-amplified sample stacking and subsequent field-amplified sampled injection steps, while the third one is for the microchip gel electrophoresis (MGE) with ED (MGE-ED). To improve preconcentration and separation performances of the method, the stacking and separation buffers containing the hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) matrix were modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The formation of AuNPs and HPC/AuNP-modified buffers were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and TEM experiments. The conducting polymer-modified electrode was also modified with AuNPs to enhance detection performances of the electrode. The conducting polymer/AuNP layers act as electrocatalysts for the direct detection of DNA based on their oxidation in a solution phase. The total sensitivity was improved by approximately 25 000-fold when compared with a conventional MGE-ED analysis. The calibration plots were linear (r2 = 0.9993) within the range of 0.003-1.0 pg/microL for a 20-bp DNA sample. The sensitivity was 0.20 nA/(fg/microL), with a detection limit of 5.7 amol in a 50-microL sample, based on S/N = 3. The applicability of the method for the analysis of 13 fragments present in a 100-bp DNA ladder was successfully demonstrated.     

Preparation and evaluation of magnetic nanoparticles for cell labeling

Cell labeling and tracking are becoming increasingly important in the fields of stem cell transplantation. To track the migration and distribution of the implanted cells is critical for understanding the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy. The aim of this study is to synthesize new superparamagnetic nanoparticles and investigate the feasibility of magnetic labeling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Monodisperse hydrophobic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared through high temperature decomposition of Fe(acac)3 and a long-chain alcohol. The nanoparticles were further modified with a bipolar surfactant, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and then transformed into water-soluble iron oxide nanoparticles (WION). The magnetic particles showed uniform size (10 nm), high efficiency and stability in MSCs labeling. The labeled cells were cultured until passage 8, there is no reduction in magnetic tropism and the percentage of labeled cells. The results of MTT proliferation assay and flow cytometry analysis show that the WION are biocompatible. The labeling process does not cause cell death and apoptosis, and has no side effect on growth capacity of the cells. In conclusion, the successful and stable labeling of MSCs and the efficient magnetic tropism indicate that this WION can be used for tracking of MSCs in future MSCs-based stem cell therapy.     

Preparation and magnetic properties of spindle porous iron nanoparticles

Spindle porous iron nanoparticles were firstly synthesized by reducing the pre-synthesized hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) spindle particles with hydrogen gas. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). A lattice shrinkage mechanism was employed to explain the formation process of the porous structure, and the adsorbed phosphate was proposed as a protective shell in the reduction process. N₂ adsorption/desorption result showed a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 29.7 m²/g and a continuous pore size distribution from 2 nm to 100 nm. The magnetic hysteresis loop of the synthesized iron particles showed a saturation magnetization of 84.65 emu/g and a coercivity of 442.36 Oe at room temperature.