东庄水利枢纽工程施工组织设计

东庄水利枢纽工程对外交通主要采用公路运输,混凝土骨料主要采用庙上料场灰岩料和工程开挖灰岩有用料,大坝混凝土浇筑和金属结构安装以30t缆机配9m³吊罐为主,设置3座砂石加工系统和3座混凝土拌和系统,施工总共工期95个月,其中混凝土双曲拱坝是整个工程建设的关键项目。文章介绍了工程施工导流、主体工程施工、施工总布置与施工工厂设施、施工总进度等,为工程总体设计优化、组织招投标、指导施工等筑实了基础。     

蟠龙水电站工程可研阶段施工组织设计研究

对蟠龙水电站可研设计阶段的施工组织设计关键技术问题进行了深入论证分析,提出了合理的施工导流方式、导流建筑物布置方案。工程采用分期围堰、明渠导流方案,分区布置5套混凝土拌和站和砂石系统。施工组织设计中,还对主体工程施工、施工工厂设施布置、总布置、交通运输、施工总进度等进行优化设计研究。拟定施工总工期为32个月,首台机组发电工期为27个月。     

脚里水库工程施工技术

对脚里水库大坝施工关键技术问题进行了深入论证分析,提出了合理的施工导流方式、主体工程施工方案、施工总布置和总进度。工程采用围堰一次拦断河床、隧洞导流方式,设置砂石加工、混凝土生产和综合加工等施工辅助系统。对施工组织安排进行优化,缩短了施工进度,提高了工程质量,效果显著。     

戈兰滩水电站可行性研究施工组织设计

施工组织设计对于水工枢纽建筑物布置、工程总工期、工程总投资均有重大影响.针对戈兰滩水电站的施工条件,本阶段施工组织设计的主要问题为人工石料场选择、施工导流方式选择、大坝碾压混凝土快速施工和施工总进度规划.     

小湾水电站施工总体规划综述

介绍小湾水电站施工总体规划设计中的主要内容,包括主体土建工程分标、施工导流、料源选择,大坝混凝土施工、施工交通、施工工厂设施、施工总布置及施工总进度等。     

彭水水电站施工组织设计

彭水水电站是重庆市骨干电源项目,施工导流采用土石过水围堰、1次拦断主河床结合隧洞导流方案.大坝RCC采用自卸汽车直接入仓或配真空溜槽入仓,上部采用缆机入仓,RCC月平均上升速度约9.3 m.地下厂房最大开挖跨度达30m,采用分层分块钻爆掘进,周边光面或预裂爆破.对外交通方案以水路为主、公路为辅,施工期过坝运输方案为水-陆-水,陆运距离28 km.采用过江索道桥沟通左右岸交通.左右岸各设1座人工砂石加工系统,以右岸为主.主要混凝土系统设在右岸,设4×4.5 m3拌和楼两座,2×3 m3强制式拌和楼1座.     

三峡工程导流设计

三峡工程导流设计关系到枢纽布置和施工总进度，经过近40年的比较论证，最终采用明渠通航、三期导流方案，即一期束窄原河床导流，二期明渠导流兼通航，三期底孔导流，三期碾压混凝土围堰挡水发电。导流明渠宽350m；长3400m．配合临时船闸满足施工     

狮子河水库工程可研阶段施工组织设计研究

狮子河水库工程可研设计阶段,对施工组织设计关键技术问题进行了深入论证分析,提出了合理的施工导流方式、导流建筑物设计方案.工程采用围堰一次拦断河床、左岸导流隧洞过流的导流方式,施工总布置分为大坝、料场、高位水池、灌溉渠道等4个施工区.施工组织设计中,还对主体工程施工、施工交通运输、施工总布置、施工工厂设施、施工总进度等进行优化设计研究.拟定施工总工期为18个月,工程静态总投资8 754万元.     

小湾水电站施工总体规划综述

介绍小湾水电站施工总体规划设计中的主要内容，包括主体土建工程分标、施工导流、料源选择，大坝混凝土施工、施工交通、施工工厂设施、施工总布置及施工总进度等。     

招徕河拱坝取消导流底孔的可行性分析

招徕河大坝坝身导流底孔是坝体施工期辅助泄洪临时建筑物 ,但导流底孔的设置将占用碾压混凝土施工期1～ 1.5个月 ,且是非常宝贵的低温季节 ,对工程总进度和混凝土施工不利。通过对洪水机率、渡汛期间导流隧洞的过流能力和最大流速以及大坝安全等方面的分析 ,认为取消大坝临时导流底孔在技术上是可行的 ,同时可以减少工程投资、缩短工期、提前发电     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。